Abstract:
:What are the building blocks of our visual representations? Whatever we look at, the things we see will have some feature variability: even snow is not purely white but has a range of shades of white. However, in most studies investigating visual perception, homogeneous displays with all stimuli having a very limited range of features have been used. In contrast, recent studies using heterogeneous displays have shown that our perceptual system encodes surprisingly detailed information about stimuli, representing parameters such as the mean, variance, and most importantly the probability density functions of feature distributions. Learning the parameters of the distributions takes time as distribution representations are continuously updated with incoming information. However, the mechanisms guiding this process are not yet known. We will review current knowledge about the sampling and updating of representations of feature distributions in heterogeneous displays and will present new findings providing further insights into this process. Overall, the results show that representations of distributions can be remarkably detailed and shed light on how the information provided affects the learning of feature distributions. Observers' ability to quickly encode the probability density function of distributions in the environment may potentially provide novel interpretations of a number of well-known phenomena in visual perception.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Chetverikov A,Campana G,Kristjánsson Ádoi
10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
97-120eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(17)30077-8journal_volume
236pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The storage and elimination of urine requires the coordination of activity between the autonomic nervous system (thoracolumbar sympathetic and sacral parasympathetic divisions) controlling the urinary bladder and urethra and the lumbosacral somatic motoneurons innervating the striated sphincter and pelvic floor muscle...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(02)37008-0
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter reviews research that focuses on the effects of emotionality of single words, and of simple phrases, on event-related brain potentials when these are presented visually in various tasks. In these studies, presentation of emotionally evocative language material has consistently elicited a late (c. 300-600 ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56009-1
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A dense serotonin (5-HT)-containing projection to the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) has been demonstrated in diverse mammalian species, but how 5-HT may affect visual signals within these laminae is largely unknown. This study undertook to investigate the distribution of 2 types of 5-HT receptors ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63320-8
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Essential infantile esotropia (EIE) is often attributed to a primary disturbance within the visual cortex based upon the findings of monocular horizontal optokinetic asymmetry and correlative horizontal motion detection asymmetry. However, these physiologic aberrations conform to what would be observed if the visual c...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.04.001
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complex migrations of neurons born in the dorsal neural tube of the isthmic and rhombomere l (rl) domains complicate the delineation of the cerebellar primordium. We show that Purkinje cells (P) are likely generated over a wide territory before gathering in the future cerebellar primordium under the developing ext...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(04)48003-0
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is generally defined as visual field loss and optic nerve defects consistent with glaucoma and an intraocular pressure (IOP) that does not exceed 21 mmHg (Allingham, R.R., Damji, K., Freedman, S., Moroi, S., Shafranov, G., Shields, M.B. (2005). In: Pine J. and Murphy J. (Eds.), Shields' T...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01114-X
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has outlined how self-regulation is crucial to the decision-making processes and pacing of endurance performance. There is evidence to suggest that executive function is implicated in self-regulatory processes, as the two are conceptually similar and share common brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex. T...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.09.011
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injuries often lead to disorders in the control of autonomic function, including problems with blood pressure regulation, voiding, defecation and reproduction. The root cause of all these problems is the destruction of brain pathways that control spinal autonomic neurons lying caudal to the lesion. Changes...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)52001-6
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postural instability and falls are common causes of morbidity and mortality in the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition, Parkinson's disease (PD). Poor understanding of balance dysfunction in PD has hampered the development of novel therapeutic measures for postural instability and balance dysfunction. We...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.034
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the perception of our world is experienced as effortless, the processes that underlie object recognition in the brain are often difficult to determine. In this chapter, we review the effects of familiarity on the recognition of moving or static objects. In particular, we concentrate on exemplar-level stimuli ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)54017-8
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic status varies predictably on a daily and seasonal basis in order to adapt to the cyclical environment. The hypothalamic circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) co-ordinates these metabolic cycles. Circadian timing is based upon a transcriptional/post-translational negative feedback loop invol...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)53015-8
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a controversy on the moral import of music and art in general. On the one hand, the moralist view contends that there is some sort of link between art and morality, even if the way to specify this link may be highly diverse. It comprises most of the classical views of art, from Schiller's view of the ro...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.015
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the "Histology of the Nervous System" (Histologie, Spanish edition, 1899, 1904; French translation, 1909, 1911; all citations are from the American translation, 1995) Cajal did not only describe the origins and central pathways of cranial nerves but his detailed observations led him to numerous conclusions about th...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(02)36036-9
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent upsurge in research has uncovered distinct circuitries that regulate appetite, energy expenditure and fat accrual under the supervision of hormonal feedback signalling of adipocyte leptin and gastric ghrelin in the hypothalamic integration of energy homeostasis. A host of messenger molecules of diverse chemical...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81002-3
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, hypothalamic circuits have been described that impact energy homeostasis in rodents and humans. Our drug development efforts for the treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome have largely focused on selected genetic and/or pharmacologically validated pathways. The translation of these pathw...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)53005-5
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely believed that mammalian CNS axons have little regenerative capacity because their environment is non-permissive to regrowth. This viewpoint is based, in large part, on the fact that in virtually all previous studies on regeneration following spinal cord injury, regenerated axonal projections have been few...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43015-X
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how action perception, embodiment, and emotion interact is essential for advancing knowledge about how we perceive and interact with each other in a social world. One tool that has proved particularly useful in the past decade for exploring the relationship between perception, action, and affect is dance...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.012
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elucidation of the molecular basis of mammalian circadian rhythms has progressed dramatically in recent years through the characterization of mouse mutants. With the implementation of numerous mouse genetics programs, comprehensive sets of mutations in genes affecting circadian output measures have been generated. Alt...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59427-3.00015-0
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegeneration; however, therapies to prevent or treat AD are inadequate. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein accrues in cortical senile plaques, one of the key neuropathological hallmarks of AD, and is elevated in brains of early onset AD patients in a small number o...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17506-4
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A remarkable preparation for studying development and repair is the CNS of the newborn opossum which, removed in its entirety, survives in culture for more than 1 week. In suitable medium, cells continue to divide, mature and reflex activity is maintained. Moreover, nerve fibers grow rapidly, reliably and extensively ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61141-3
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective attention is an important aspect of brain function that we need in coping with the immense and constant barrage of sensory information. One model of attention (Feature Integration Theory) that suggests an early selection of spatial locations of objects via an attentional spotlight would also solve the 'bindi...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34020-7
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Today's researchers are faced with a change from curiosity-driven to mandate-driven research. These two approaches are well combined within scientific networks (Actions) supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program. The functioning of COST Actions, although directed only to networking...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63486-3.09999-0
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present chapter outlines current thinking regarding serotonin and dopamine in schizophrenia. Each has individually been linked to theories regarding the illness' pathophysiology although the focus here is on their interactive role, a model that has driven drug development in the field for the last 10-15 years. Wit...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00906-0
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oestrogens (E) influence the activity of oxytocin (OT) producing neurons and heighten the rate of transcription of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) gene. Working through synergistic activities of two different oestrogen receptors (ERs), likely gene duplication products, in the hypothalamus and amygdala, E supports social r...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00424-X
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why do complex-partial seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cause a loss of consciousness? Abnormal function of the medial temporal lobe is expected to cause memory loss, but it is unclear why profoundly impaired consciousness is so common in temporal lobe seizures. Recent exciting advances in behavioral, electrop...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17711-7
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noradrenergic LC neurons appear to be relatively unique in the brain, being unsurpassed in the divergence and ubiquity of their projections through the central nervous system. In this regard, they share certain characteristics with peripheral noradrenaline neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. As such they would ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63797-8
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease in which age and APOE-epsilon 4 are important risk factors. Various mutations and even viral infections such as herpes simplex (Itzhaki et al., 1997) may play an additional role. 2. The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e. amorphous plaques, n...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64027-3
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal activity increases synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in vivo and in vitro. We have investigated the pathways through which neuronal activity stimulated by kainic acid regulates BDNF mRNA levels in cultured hippocampal neurons and transgenic mice. Kainic acid induced the transcription ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64007-8
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Life expectancies have increased substantially in the last century, dramatically amplifying the proportion of individuals who will reach old age. As individuals age, cognitive ability declines, although the rate of decline differs amongst the forms of memory domains and for different individuals. Memory domains especi...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(10)82002-3
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) as a motor disorder is pathologically featured by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) and the consequent depletion of dopamine in the striatum. However, motor signs are detectable when the loss of dopaminergic striatal terminals exceeds to the dopaminergic n...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.004
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00