Abstract:
:Wheat production will be impacted by increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 [CO2 ], which is expected to rise from about 400 μmol mol(-1) in 2015 to 550 μmol mol(-1) by 2050. Changes to plant physiology and crop responses from elevated [CO2 ] (e[CO2 ]) are well documented for some environments, but field-level responses in dryland Mediterranean environments with terminal drought and heat waves are scarce. The Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility was established to compare wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and yield under ambient (~370 μmol(-1) in 2007) and e[CO2 ] (550 μmol(-1) ) in semi-arid environments. Experiments were undertaken at two dryland sites (Horsham and Walpeup) across three years with two cultivars, two sowing times and two irrigation treatments. Mean yield stimulation due to e[CO2 ] was 24% at Horsham and 53% at Walpeup, with some treatment responses greater than 70%, depending on environment. Under supplemental irrigation, e[CO2 ] stimulated yields at Horsham by 37% compared to 13% under rainfed conditions, showing that water limited growth and yield response to e[CO2 ]. Heat wave effects were ameliorated under e[CO2 ] as shown by reductions of 31% and 54% in screenings and 10% and 12% larger kernels (Horsham and Walpeup). Greatest yield stimulations occurred in the e[CO2 ] late sowing and heat stressed treatments, when supplied with more water. There were no clear differences in cultivar response due to e[CO2 ]. Multiple regression showed that yield response to e[CO2 ] depended on temperatures and water availability before and after anthesis. Thus, timing of temperature and water and the crop's ability to translocate carbohydrates to the grain postanthesis were all important in determining the e[CO2 ] response. The large responses to e[CO2 ] under dryland conditions have not been previously reported and underscore the need for field level research to provide mechanistic understanding for adapting crops to a changing climate.
journal_name
Glob Chang Bioljournal_title
Global change biologyauthors
Fitzgerald GJ,Tausz M,O'Leary G,Mollah MR,Tausz-Posch S,Seneweera S,Mock I,Löw M,Partington DL,McNeil D,Norton RMdoi
10.1111/gcb.13263subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-06-01 00:00:00pages
2269-84issue
6eissn
1354-1013issn
1365-2486journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The aim of this study was to predict the combined effects of enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition and warming on phytoplankton development in high latitude and mountain lakes. Consequently, we assessed, in a series of enclosure experiments, how lake water nutrient stoichiometry and phytoplankton nutrient limitation varied...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12234
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ozone (O3 ) damage to leaves can reduce plant photosynthesis, which suggests that declines in ambient O3 concentrations ([O3 ]) in the United States may have helped increase gross primary production (GPP) in recent decades. Here, we assess the effect of long-term changes in ambient [O3 ] using 20 years of observations...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13300
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large-scale climate modes such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence population dynamics in many species, including marine top predators. However, few quantitative studies have investigated the influence of large-scale variability on resident marine top predator populations. We examined the effect of climat...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13892
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show that because of methodological improvements, the human modification map detects higher levels of land modification and is more accurate than the human footprint map across the gradient of modification globally. While we agree that protecting the world's least modified lands or wildlands is essential for conser...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1111/gcb.14900
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To avoid submergence during sea-level rise, coastal wetlands build soil surfaces vertically through accumulation of inorganic sediment and organic matter. At climatic boundaries where mangroves are expanding and replacing salt marsh, wetland capacity to respond to sea-level rise may change. To compare how well mangrov...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13945
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forest regeneration following disturbance is a key ecological process, influencing forest structure and function, species assemblages, and ecosystem-climate interactions. Climate change may alter forest recovery dynamics or even prevent recovery, triggering feedbacks to the climate system, altering regional biodiversi...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/gcb.12194
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing conservation strategies for threatened species increasingly requires understanding vulnerabilities to climate change, in terms of both demographic sensitivities to climatic and other environmental factors, and exposure to variability in those factors over time and space. We conducted a range-wide, spatially...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12510
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesophyll conductance (gm ) is known to affect plant photosynthesis. However, gm is rarely explicitly considered in land surface models (LSMs), with the consequence that its role in ecosystem and large-scale carbon and water fluxes is poorly understood. In particular, the different magnitudes of gm across plant functi...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14604
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) allows open-air elevation of [CO2 ] without altering the microclimate. Its scale uniquely supports simultaneous study from physiology and yield to soil processes and disease. In 2005 we summarized results of then 28 published observations by meta-analysis. Subsequent studies have combine...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/gcb.15375
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global biodiversity is under high and rising anthropogenic pressure. Yet, how the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional facets of biodiversity are affected by different threats over time is unclear. This is particularly true for the two main drivers of the current biodiversity crisis: habitat destruction and overexp...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15418
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A global warming-induced transition from glacial to periglacial processes has been identified in mountainous regions around the world. Degrading permafrost in pristine periglacial environments can produce acid rock drainage (ARD) and cause severe ecological damage in areas underlain by sulfide-bearing bedrock. Limnolo...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13985
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Geographic range size is the manifestation of complex interactions between intrinsic species traits and extrinsic environmental conditions. It is also a fundamental ecological attribute of species and a key extinction risk correlate. Past research has primarily focused on the role of biological and environmental predi...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12834
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predicting the biological effects of climate change presents major challenges due to the interplay of potential biotic and abiotic mechanisms. Climate change can create unexpected outcomes by altering species interactions, and uncertainty over the ability of species to develop in situ tolerance or track environmental ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14717
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon emissions from land-use changes in tropical dry forest systems are poorly understood, although they are likely globally significant. The South American Chaco has recently emerged as a hot spot of agricultural expansion and intensification, as cattle ranching and soybean cultivation expand into forests, and as s...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13521
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::One widely documented phenological response to climate change is the earlier occurrence of spring-breeding events. While such climate change-driven shifts in phenology are common, their consequences for individuals and populations have rarely been investigated. I addressed this gap in our knowledge by using a multi-ye...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12720
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change poses a considerable threat to the biodiversity of high altitude ecosystems worldwide, including cold-water river systems that are responding rapidly to a shrinking cryosphere. Most recent research has demonstrated the severe vulnerability of river invertebrates to glacier retreat but effects upon other...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14454
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coastal wetlands are among the most productive and carbon-rich ecosystems on Earth. Long-term carbon storage in coastal wetlands occurs primarily belowground as soil organic matter (SOM). In addition to serving as a carbon sink, SOM influences wetland ecosystem structure, function, and stability. To anticipate and mit...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14376
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Boreal lakes are major components of the global carbon cycle, partly because of sediment-bound heterotrophic microorganisms that decompose within-lake and terrestrially derived organic matter (t-OM). The ability for sediment bacteria to break down and alter t-OM may depend on environmental characteristics and communit...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14391
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in evapotranspiration (ET) from terrestrial ecosystems affect their water yield (WY), with considerable ecological and economic consequences. Increases in surface runoff observed over the past century have been attributed to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations resulting in reduced ET by terrestrial ecosy...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14363
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem CO2 efflux (ES) plays an important role in the carbon balance of forest ecosystems. However, its primary controls at the global scale are poorly understood and observation-based global estimates are lacking. We synthesized data from 121 published studies across global forest ecosystems and examined the relationsh...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13188
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Air temperatures in the arid western United States are predicted to increase over the next century. These increases will likely impact the distribution of plant species, particularly dioecious species that show a spatial segregation of the sexes across broad resource gradients. On the basis of spatial segregation patt...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12230
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in rocky shore community composition as responses to climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic warming can be shown by changes in average species thermal affinities. In this study, we derived thermal affinities for European Atlantic rocky intertidal species by matching their known distributions to patterns in av...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14968
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Development efforts for poverty reduction and food security in sub-Saharan Africa will have to consider future climate change impacts. Large uncertainties in climate change impact assessments do not necessarily complicate, but can inform development strategies. The design of development strategies will need to conside...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12586
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Describing the spatial and temporal dynamics of communities is essential for understanding the impacts of global environmental change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Trait-based approaches can provide better insight than species-based (i.e. taxonomic) approaches into community assembly and ecosystem functio...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14785
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simultaneously with warming climate, other climatic and environmental factors are also changing. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of elevated temperature, increased ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation, fertilization and all combinations of these on the growth, secondary chemistry and needle structure of ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12464
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological soil crusts across the desert regions play a key role in regional ecological security and ecological health. They are vital biotic components of desert ecosystems that maintain soil stability, fix carbon and nitrogen, influence the establishment of vascular plants, and serve as habitats for a large number o...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14378
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high rates of future climatic changes, compared with the rates reported for past changes, may hamper species adaptation to new climates or the tracking of suitable conditions, resulting in significant loss of genetic diversity. Trees are dominant species in many biomes and because they are long-lived, they may not...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13685
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have documented changes in animal body sizes over the last century, but very little is known about changes in plant sizes, even though reduced plant productivity is potentially responsible for declines in size of other organisms. Here, I ask whether warming trends in the Great Basin have affected plant size by...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12208
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tropical forest responses to climate and atmospheric change are critical to the future of the global carbon budget. Recent studies have reported increases in estimated above-ground biomass (EAGB) stocks, productivity, and mortality in old-growth tropical forests. These increases could reflect a shift in forest functio...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14833
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We can expect different levels of vulnerability depending on the paradigm used to determine the mechanisms that will alter biodiversity under climate change. A multi-paradigm perspective is necessary to get the full picture of biodiversity vulnerability. This is a commentary on Kling et al., 26, 2798-2813. ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15054
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00