Abstract：
:In a scenario involving a nuclear detonation during war or a terrorist attack, acute radiation exposure combined with thermal and blast effects results in severe skin injury. Although the cutaneous injury in such a scenario may not be lethal, it may lead to inflammation, delayed wound healing and loss of the skin barrier, resulting in an increased risk of infection. In this study, we tested the potential use of timolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, to improve epidermal wound closure after combined burn and radiation injury using an ex vivo human skin culture model. Daily application of 10 μ M timolol after combined injury (burn and 10 Gy ex vivo irradiation) increased wound epithelialization by 5-20%. In addition, exposure to 10 Gy significantly suppressed epidermal keratinocyte proliferation by 46% at 48 h postirradiation. Similar to what has been observed in a thermal burn injury, the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), which generates epinephrine, was elevated in the combined thermal burn and radiation wounds. This likely resulted in elevated tissue levels of this catecholamine, which has been shown to delay healing. Thus, with the addition of timolol to the wound to block the binding of locally generated epinephrine to the beta-adrenergic receptor, healing is improved. This work suggests that by antagonizing local epinephrine action within the wound, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist such as timolol may be a useful adjunctive treatment to improve healing in the combined burn and radiation injury.
journal_name
Radiat Resjournal_title
Radiation researchauthors
Albrecht H,Yang HY,Kiuru M,Maksaereekul S,Durbin-Johnson B,Wong MS,Stevenson TR,Rocke DM,Isseroff RRdoi
10.1667/RR14884.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
441-445issue
4eissn
0033-7587issn
1938-5404journal_volume
189pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Chinese hamster V79 cells show a complex X-ray survival response which is characterized by hypersensitivity followed by increased resistance as the dose increases to 1 Gy. This hypersensitivity can be eliminated by pretreating cells with X rays or hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly, the protective effect that results from...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two very different techniques for measuring the energy of neutrons in the energy range 0.1-10 MeV are presented and compared. A recoil-proton spectrometer is used to determine the energy spectra of neutrons produced by the d(4)-Be and p(4)-Be reactions down to the low-energy threshold of 0.7 MeV. The same radiation fi...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the dynamics of protein recruitment to DNA lesions, ion beams can be used to generate extremely localized DNA damage within restricted regions of the nuclei. This inhomogeneous spatial distribution of lesions can be visualized indirectly and rapidly in the form of radiation-induced foci using immunocytochemic...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3374
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the role of radiation energy deposition in DNA on cellular effects, we investigated the ability of 125IdUrd and 131IdUrd to kill cells and induce mutations at the hprt locus. We employed human lymphoblastoid cells proficient (TK6) or deficient (SE30) in the ability to incorporate a thymidine analog into DNA...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plutonium is considered to be a carcinogen because it emits alpha particles that may result in the irradiation of stem cell population. In the present study we show that plutonium can also catalyze reactions that induce hydroxyl radicals in the absence of significant alpha-particle irradiation. Using the low specific ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemodynamic shear stress is defined as the physical force exerted by the continuous flow of blood in the vascular system. Endothelial cells, which line the inner layer of blood vessels, sense this physiological force through mechanotransduction signaling and adapt to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Hem...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14410.1
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we investigated the effect of (131)I gelatin microspheres ((131)I-GMSs) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in nude mice (Balb/c) and the biodistribution of (131)I-GMSs after intratumoral injection. The treatment group and control group animals received intratumoral injections of 1 mCi (131)...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR13539.1
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work by our group and others has shown the modulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter or long terminal repeat (LTR) after exposure to neutrons and ultraviolet radiations. Using HeLa cells stably transfected with a construct containing the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene, the trans...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study has been made of methods for rapidly inactivating cells of E. coli at neutral pH to prevent enzymatic, chemical, or physical modification to DNA damaged by irradiation. The radiation was delivered in a fraction of a second using an electron accelerator. Cell inactivation was with ethanol or a solution (CSE) co...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report compares the deterministic effects from an alpha-particle-emitting radionuclide, (239)PuO(2), and a beta-particle emitter, (144)Ce in fused aluminosilicate particles (FAP). The studies were conducted in beagle dogs of both genders exposed by inhalation to aerosols of the radionuclides. The initial lung bur...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between intracellular and extracellular pH was investigated in a murine tumor and normal tissue, prior to and following glucose injection. Isotransplants of the murine tumor FSa-II in the dorsum of the hind foot and leg muscle, were investigated in nonanesthetized mice. Extracellular pH was measured w...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, there is a serious absence of pharmaceutically attractive small molecules that mitigate the lethal effects of an accidental or intentional public exposure to toxic doses of ionizing radiation. Moreover, cellular systems that emulate the radiobiologically relevant cell populations and that are suitable for h...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr2810.1
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual differences in response to radiation are well known, but the molecular basis for these differences is not well understood, and molecular indicators that are useful in assessing individual variation are lacking. Cells from patients developing unexpected radiation responses have occasionally been analyzed for...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0668:gerilc]2.0.co;2
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A spherical graphite calorimeter was used to determine the ratio of kerma to influence (kerma factor) for neutrons whose mean energy was approximately 14.6 MeV. The calorimeter was used to measure carbon kerma, while activation foils of Al and Au were used to determine the neutron fluence. The calorimeter was construc...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mouse shows two kinds of phenotypic abnormalities, a high radiosensitivity and an abnormal immunoglobulin gene recombination. A genetic study has revealed that a mutation exists in chromosome 16. However, several attempts to isolate the gene responsible for these phenotypes...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Irradiation from internally deposited radionuclides induces malignant tumors. Ingested long-lived radionuclides accumulate in specific organs that are irradiated throughout life. To elucidate why the development of malignant tumors requires long-term internal exposure, of the order of decades, despite the fact that ir...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR1492.1
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of the major salivary glands to ionizing radiation often results in severe alterations in structure and function. The mechanism of these effects is still unknown, and no adequate prevention or treatment is yet available. The purpose of this study was to examine a mechanism based on the assumption that redox-a...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While the link between risk of leukemia and acute radiation exposure is well established for large doses received acutely, uncertainty remains around the translation of these risk estimates to occupational exposure scenarios where the doses are low and accumulated over time, possibly over many years. We present leukem...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR15358.1
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate whether DNA alterations in mature spermatozoa could stem from DNA damage induced in immature germ cells, testis cells and spermatozoa were analyzed by the comet assay and by the sperm chromatin structure assay 14, 45 and 100 days after in vivo X irradiation of the testes. These times were selected, accordi...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3053
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three-dimensional treatment planning systems used extensively for external-beam treatments have recently been applied for use in brachytherapy. Localization of structures in 3D from imaging studies integrated into computerized systems for planning of implants and evaluation allows 3D dose distributions to be indexed t...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in cancer patients. Modern radiotherapy techniques reduce the volume of the heart and major coronary vessels exposed to high doses, but some exposure is often unavoidable. Radiation damage to the myocardium is caused primarily by in...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1667/RR1862.1
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated whether the clonogenic ability of tumor cells to establish subcutaneous tumors and the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) content correlate with the development and extent of the tumor bed effect (TBE). Ten tumors, five sarcomas and five carcinomas, syngeneic to C3Hf/Kam mice were used. Tumors w...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synchrotron microbeam radiation treatment (MRT) is a preclinical radiotherapy technique with considerable clinical promise, although some of the underlying radiobiology of MRT is still not well understood. In recently reported studies, it has been suggested that MRT elicits a different tumor immune profile compared to...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14115.1
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report results for chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after they were exposed to high-energy iron ions with or without shielding at the HIMAC, AGS and NSRL accelerators. Isolated lymphocytes were exposed to iron ions with energies between 200 and 5000 MeV/nucleon in the 0.1-1-Gy dose rang...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/rr3362.1
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated the effect of X irradiation on the mesenchymal tissue growth (blood capillaries and stromal cells) in an angiogenesis system in the mouse. This was accomplished by implanting a polyvinyl alcohol sponge disc in the subcutis of the thorax, and quantifying the extent of growth reduction of capillaries a...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The threat of exposure to ionizing radiation from a nuclear reactor accident or deliberate terrorist actions is a significant public health concern. The lung is particularly susceptible to radiation-induced injury from external sources or inhalation of radioactive particles from radioactive fallout. Radiation-induced ...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14686.1
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radiosensitivity of cultured HeLa cells was increased upon depletion of the natural cellular polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine through treatment of cultures with inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. This increased radiosensitivity was manifested as a decrease in the D0 and by the absence of a shoulde...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of image-guided small animal irradiators represents a significant improvement over standard irradiators by enabling preclinical studies to mimic radiotherapy in humans. The ability to deliver tightly collimated targeted beams, in conjunction with gantry or animal couch rotation, has the potential to ma...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14753.1
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of 2.45-GHz continuous-wave microwaves (SAR = 130 mW/g) on the expression of the interferon-regulated enzymes 2'-5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase(s) and 2-5A-dependent endoribonuclease (RNase L) were studied in murine L929 cells. Cells growing as monolayers were removed from the substratum and placed in...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal models of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal acute radiation syndromes (ARS) have been characterized to develop medical countermeasures. Acute radiation-induced decrease of intestinal absorptive function has been correlated to a decrease in the number of intestinal crypt cells resulting from apoptosis and enter...
journal_title：Radiation research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1667/RR14305.1
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
