Abstract:
:In eukaryotic cells, regulated protein degradation of intracellular proteins is mediated largely by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). UPS-mediated protein degradation regulates virtually all crucial aspects of cellular physiology, such as cell proliferation, cell division, cell differentiation, and cell death. Concomitantly, the deregulation by the UPS contributes to human disorders including cancer. Cellular regulation by UPS- mediated protein degradation is a highly specific and selective process that depends on time (e.g. cell cycle) and location (nucleus, mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum). An ongoing challenge in the protein degradation field is identification of degradation signals for specific proteins that trigger their degradation by the proteasome. More than 25 years ago, the first degradation signal was discovered and defined as destabilizing N-terminal amino-acid residue (or N-degron) of protein substrates. The discovery and subsequent detailed analysis of N-degrons gave rise to the so called N-end rule, which states that the half-life time of a protein is determined by the identity of its N-terminal amino-acid residue. The N-end rule pathway recognizes proteins containing N-terminal destabilizing residues and mediates their polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation in the proteasome. Recent investigations have revealed a role for N-terminal acetylation on the recognition of N-degrons by the N-end rule pathway. Here we summarize these recent findings and highlight the impact on our understanding of the N-end rule pathway with respect to cellular physiology.
journal_name
Protein Pept Lettjournal_title
Protein and peptide lettersauthors
Eldeeb M,Fahlman Rdoi
10.2174/0929866523666160108115809subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
343-8issue
4eissn
0929-8665issn
1875-5305pii
PPL-EPUB-72968journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Saccaromices cerevisiae D-serine dehydratase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent enzyme that requires zinc for its function. It catalyses the conversion of D-serine into pyruvate and ammonia with the K(m) and k(cat) values of 0.39 mM and 13.1 s(-1) respectively. In this work, a new methodology for monitoring D-s...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Here, we show for the first time that non-fibrillar and spherical aggregates produced from PrP-(23-98) in the presence of NADPH plus copper ions are toxic to cultured cells and induce apoptotic signals. It is also confirmed that endogenous cellular PrP isoform is not required for toxicity to occur. ...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/092986609787049475
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Prmt5 plays major role in regulation of gene expression, RNA processing, cell growth and differentiation, signal transduction, germ cell development, etc., in mammals. Prmt5 is also related to cancer. Knowing the proteins interacting with Prmt5 is important to understand Prmt5's function in cells. Although t...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galanin is a neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Some small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines such as SBC-3A release only the high-molecular-mass form, with lower molecular mass forms being undetectable. To investigate the mechanism of processing of progalanin to ...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum mechanical fragment molecular orbital calculations have been performed for receptor binding of the hemagglutinin protein of the recently pandemic influenza 2009 H1N1, A/swine/Iowa/1930, and A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 viruses to α2-6 linked sialyloligosaccharides, as analogs of human receptors. The strongest receptor...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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abstract::Since their recent identification, eukaryotic Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) have gained increasing interest due to their engagement in vital cellular processes. Here, I summarize our current knowledge of their mechanisms of action, regulations and cellular functions as well as their relevance for human dise...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986609788490186
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abstract::Sry-related box (Sox) transcription factors share a conserved high-mobility-group box domain (HMG-domain) that binds DNA in the minor groove and bends DNA for further assembly of transcriptional machineries. During organogenesis, each member of the Sox family triggers a specific cell lineage differentiation, indicatin...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coordination of cell growth and cell division is very important for living organisms in order for these to develop harmonically. The present research is concerned with the purification and characterization of a new peptide hormone, namely ZmIGF (Zea mays insulin-like growth factor), which regulates growth and cell div...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/092986611794328636
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Protealysin, a zinc metalloprotease of Serratia proteamaculans, is the prototype of a new group within the peptidase family M4. Protealysin-like proteases (PLPs) are widely spread in bacteria but are also found in fungi and archaea. The biological functions of PLPs have not been well studied, but published d...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/0929866526666181212114907
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gibberellins (GAs) are tetracyclic, diterpenoid plant hormones, essential for many developmental processes in higher plants. Plants perceive GA through a nuclear-localized GA receptor, GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1). From sequence similarity, it is suggested that GID1 evolved from a hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and r...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, cationic, membrane-interacting proteins that exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and are hence of significant biomedical interest. They exert their activity by selectively binding to and lysing target cell membranes, but the precise molecular details of their mechani...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929866511009011313
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is a fundamental task in bioinformatics and is required for many biological analysis tasks. The more accurate the alignments are, the more credible the downstream analyses. Most protein MSA algorithms realign an alignment to refine it by dividing it into two groups horizonta...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866526666190806143959
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer demands safe adjuvant to overcome the side effects of standard drug tamoxifen. Diet derived bioactive compounds are reported to exhibit modulation of cancer growth leading to cell death. Chickpea is a protein rich edible legume with several bioactive compounds that includes lectin as well. Char...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866525666180406142900
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ewing's Sarcoma transcript-2 (EAT2) also known as SH2D1B is involved in regulation of signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptor functions. Cytoplasmic tails of SLAM family receptors contain tyrosine residues which mediate the downstream signal transduction through their phosphorylation. EAT2, c...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866523666160831162239
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Application of complementary B and T cell epitopes in inducing anti-idiotypic and anti-clonotypic antibodies capable of regulating or suppressing the autoimmune responses in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), allergic neuritis (EAN) and allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been the stimulus of many rese...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866043407020
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chickpea is a widely grown legume in India, Australia, Canada, and Mediterranean regions. Seeds of chickpea are good source of protein for both human and animals. Wild relatives of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) are the potential gene pool for crop improvement; however, very little information is available on th...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866527666200910164118
更新日期:2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::A method for seed proteome analysis using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is described. The data were used to estimate the genetic diversity degree among twelve genotypes of pepper (Capsicum). The resulting spectra were converted into a binary matrix consisting of 23 protein data sets, and genetic similarity values were c...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866043478482
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recently, the small molecule that inhibits the human copper-trafficking proteins Atox1 and CCS was reported, which suggested that small molecule has an effect on the copper regulation system in the cell. The copper chaperones CopC is regarded as a redox switch and possess barrel structure, thus the interacti...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866526666191204124245
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Src is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase ubiquitously expressed in animals. It is involved in various cellular processes, including the innate immune response in mammals. However, less is known about the function of insect Src. Here we presented a homologue of Src in silkworm (Bombyx mori), named as BmSrc by phyl...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/0929866527666200212123542
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abstract::BmK ITa1 cDNA was cloned and highly expressed in E. coli and insect cell. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis revealed that subunit molecular weight of expression products is about 40 kDa and 10 kDa respectively. The expression product purified by a Ni(2+)-IDA-sepharose 6B column was toxic for insect, which indicated t...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::DrTI was effective against trypsin-like enzymes from A. kuehniella and C. cephalonica, however an artificial diet was insufficient to affect the survival and body weight of either insect. The inhibitor stimulated chymotrypsin-like enzymes and probably induced the synthesis of enzymes insensitive to TLCK in neonate lar...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/092986609789839395
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Porcine β defensin 2(pBD2)is a cationic 37-amino acid antimicrobial peptide with disulfide bonds. Synthetic pBD2 had broad antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, and thus pBD2 could be a good candidate as a bactericidal agent for pigs. This study reported the successful recombinant expression of pBD2 in E...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866511320060010
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) is a serine enzyme present in most organs and plasma. No clear physiological function has yet been assigned to BuChE, but it is a pharmacologically and toxicologically important enzyme that plays a role in degradation of numerous ester-containing drugs and poisonous esters. Thus, Bu...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986609789071207
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cysteine S-sulfenylation is a major type of dynamic post-translational modification of the protein that plays an important role in regulating many biological processes in both of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. To understand the function of S-sulfenylated proteins, identification of S-sulfenylation sites...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/0929866525666180905110619
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously described a potent anthrax toxin inhibitor, based on a phage-library-selected peptide sequence, synthesized as a tetra-branched molecule on a lysine core and further modified for improvement of activity [Pini et al., Biochem. J., 2006, 395, 157]. This branched peptide had very low solubility because of s...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/092986608784966958
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During spermiogenesis, the elongating rat spermatid chromatin undergoes a gradual process of condensation which is initiated in the round spermatids at "step 7" of cytodifferentation in stage VII and extending to elongated spermatids at "step 19" of cytodifferentiation in stage VIII. The mechanism of chromatin condens...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/092986611795714005
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::After several studies on prediction of mutation, we examine the effect of three sampling strategies, the sampling based on years, the sampling based on number of mutations, and the sampling based on the unpredictable portion of amino-acid pairs, on the prediction performance in H5N1 hemagglutinins. The results show th...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
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doi:10.2174/092986608785133735
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Haloalkane dehalogenases (EC 3.8.1.5, HLDs) are α/β-hydrolases which catalyze the irreversible cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of haloalkanes, producing an alcohol, a halide and a hydrogen ion. Haloalkanes are acutely toxic to animals and humans and their toxic effects are mainly observed in the liver, kidn...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866524666170621094531
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase from a malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PfSAHH) has been crystallized by the vapor diffusion method. The crystals belong to an orthorhombic space group P212121 with the cell dimensions of a = 76.66 A, b = 86.31 A, and c = 335.6 A. There are four subunits (one tetramer) per as...
journal_title:Protein and peptide letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/0929866043478248
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00