Abstract:
:We developed a sway-referenced system for sitting to highlight the role of vestibular and visual contributions to trunk control. Motor control was investigated by measuring trunk kinematics in the frontal plane while manipulating visual availability and introducing a concurrent cognitive task. We examined motor learning on three timescales (within the same trial, minutes), within the same test session (1 h), and between sessions (1 wk). Posture sway was analyzed through time-based measures [root mean square (RMS) sway and RMS velocity], frequency-based measures (amplitude spectra), and parameterized feedback modeling. We found that posture differed in both magnitude and frequency distribution during sway referencing compared with quiet sitting. Modeling indicated that sway referencing caused greater uncertainty/noise in sensory feedback and motor outputs. Sway referencing was also associated with lower active stiffness and damping model parameters. The influence of vision and a cognitive task was more apparent during sway referencing compared with quiet sitting. Short-term learning was reflected by reduced RMS velocity in quiet sitting immediately following sway referencing. Longer term learning was evident from one week to the next, with a 23% decrease in RMS sway and 9% decrease in RMS velocity. These changes occurred predominantly during cognitive tests at lower frequencies and were associated with lower sensory noise and higher stiffness and integral gains in the model. With the findings taken together, the sitting sway-referenced test elicited neural changes consistent with optimal integration and sensory reweighting, similar to standing, and should be a valuable tool to closely examine sensorimotor control of the trunk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed the first sway-referenced system for sitting to highlight the role of vestibular and visual contributions to trunk control. A parametric feedback model explained sensorimotor control and motor learning in the task with and between two test sessions. The sitting sway-referenced test elicited neural changes consistent with optimal integration and sensory reweighting, similar to standing, and should be a valuable tool to closely examine sensorimotor control of the trunk.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Goodworth AD,Tetreault K,Lanman J,Klidonas T,Kim S,Saavedra Sdoi
10.1152/jn.00330.2017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
37-52issue
1eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous studies using advanced matrix factorization techniques have shown that the coordination of human voluntary limb movements may be accomplished using combinations of a small number of intermuscular coordination patterns, or muscle synergies. However, the potential use of muscle synergies for isometric force gen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1152/jn.00173.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanoreceptors of the crayfish tail fan have peripheral somata and send their axons to the last (sixth) abdominal ganglion via five bilateral pairs of nerve roots (R1-R5). Comparisons were made between normal crayfish and regenerate preparations in which R4 had been cut and directed back to an extensively denervated...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.385
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene delivery to the primate central nervous system via recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) allows neurophysiologists to control and observe neural activity precisely. A current limitation of this approach is variability in vector transduction efficiency. Low levels of transduction can foil experimental m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00780.2016
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous reports have indicated that the premotor cortex (PM) uses visual information for either direct guidance of limb movements or indirect specification of action targets at a conceptual level. We explored how visual inputs signaling these two different categories of information are processed by PM neurons. Monkey...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00452.2009
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) on membrane properties of isolated hippocampal CA1 neurons was studied with the use of the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Neurons were acutely dissociated from 21- to 30-day-old mice. In the current-clamp mode, HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) significantly hyperpolarized CA1 neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2477
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The proton-gated current was investigated in whole-cell configuration of the neurons isolated from bullfrog heart parasympathetic ganglia with the use of the "concentration-clamp" technique, which combines intracellular perfusion and extremely rapid exchange of external solution within 1-2 ms, under a single-electr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.5.1060
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This second paper of the series deals with another issue regarding sensorimotor representations in the CNS that has received much attention, namely the relative weighting of kinematic and kinetic representations. The question we address here is the contribution of muscle tension afferent information in dorsal spinocer...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.2946
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) experience impairments in the control of head and neck movements, suggesting dysfunction in brain stem circuitry. To examine if brain stem circuitry is altered in CP, we compared reflexes evoked in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle by trigeminal nerve stimulation in adults with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00185.2018
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Study of memory traces in higher animals requires experimental models possessing well-localized and technically accessible memory traces--plasticity responsible for behavioral change, not dependent on control from elsewhere, and open to detailed investigation. Our purpose has been to develop such a model based on t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1989.61.3.563
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::When sensory feedback is perturbed, accurate movement is restored by a combination of implicit processes and deliberate reaiming to strategically compensate for errors. Here, we directly compare two methods used previously to dissociate implicit from explicit learning on a trial-by-trial basis: 1) asking participants ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00834.2016
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Octopus cells in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN) of mammals are biophysically specialized to detect coincident firing in the population of auditory nerve fibers that provide their synaptic input and to convey its occurrence with temporal precision. The precision in the timing of action potentials depends on...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2299
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impulse from soleus muscle afferents were recorded in premammillary cats that were walking on a treadmill. In normal walking the effects of gamma-motoneurons on impulse rates of muscle spindle afferents are confounded by the effects of the large length changes that occur. To isolate the effects of gamma-motoneurons th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.2.341
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Training rats to perform rapidly and efficiently in an olfactory discrimination task results in robust enhancement of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connectivity in the rat piriform cortex, which is maintained for days after training. To explore the mechanisms by which such synaptic enhancement occurs, we recorded...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00356.2011
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasticity at the neuronal level commonly involves use-dependent changes in strength of particular synaptic pathways or regulation of postsynaptic properties by modulatory transmitters. Here we analyze a novel form of short-term plasticity mediated by use-dependent facilitation of postsynaptic responsiveness. Using cu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1740
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problem of how the nervous system fuses sensory information from multiple modalities for upright stance control remains largely unsolved. It is well established that the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory modalities provide position and rate (e.g., velocity, acceleration) information for estimation of body dyna...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00983.2003
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole cell voltage-clamp techniques were employed to characterize the sodium (Na) conductances in acutely dissociated, mature guinea-pig cerebellar Purkinje cells. Three phenomenological components were noted: two inactivating and a persistent component (I(P)(Na). All exhibited similar sensitivities to tetrodotoxin (T...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1167
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Earlier studies suggest that the inferior temporal (IT) cortex of the monkey plays a key role in color discrimination. Here, we examined the quantitative relationship between color judgment in monkeys and the responses of color-selective neurons in the anterior part of the IT cortex (area TE) by comparing neuronal act...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90551.2008
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The horizontal eye movements induced by acceleration along the interaural axis were recorded from five monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by the use of the electromagnetic search-coil technique. Animals sat on a sled that was moved briefly in darkness along a linear track (bell-shaped acceleration profile: peak, 400 mm/s2; d...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.3.851
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hierarchical models of auditory processing often posit that optimal stimuli, i.e., those eliciting a maximal neural response, will increase in bandwidth and decrease in modulation rate as one ascends the auditory neuraxis. Here, we tested how bandwidth and modulation rate interact at several loci along the human centr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00308.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyramidal cells and interneurons in rat prefrontal cortical slices exhibit subthreshold oscillations when depolarized by constant current injection. For both types of neurons, the frequencies of these oscillations for current injection just below spike threshold were 2--10 Hz. Above spike threshold, however, the subth...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1782
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intracellular recordings were made from layer VI pyramidal cells in in vitro slice preparations of the cat motor cortex (area 4 gamma). Layer VI pyramidal cells were identified morphologically by intracellular injection of biocytin. 2. Of 22 layer VI pyramidal cells examined, single action potentials were followed ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.2.578
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Two subtypes of astrocytes that expressed distinctly different ion channel complements were identified in primary cultures from rat spinal cord and hippocampus using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. One population of cells expressed voltage-activated Na+ currents and displayed outwardly rectifying I-V relationshi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.626
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the first optical recordings of action potentials, in single trials, from one or a few (approximately 1-2 microm) mammalian nerve terminals in an intact in vitro preparation, the mouse neurohypophysis. The measurements used two-photon excitation along the "blue" edge of the two-photon absorption spectrum of ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00929.2007
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two main types of small eye movements occur during gaze fixation: microsaccades and slow ocular drifts. While microsaccade generation has been relatively well studied, ocular drift control mechanisms are unknown. Here we explored the degree to which monkey smooth eye movements, on the velocity scale of slow ocular dri...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00437.2018
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reports of cholecystokinin (CCK) binding and expression of CCK receptors in neonatal rodent spinal cord suggest that CCK may influence neuronal excitability. In patch-clamp recordings from 19/21 ventral horn motoneurons in neonatal (PN 5-12 days) rat spinal cord slices, we noted a slowly rising and prolonged membrane ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00148.2007
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paired associative stimulation (PAS) based on Hebb's law of association can induce plastic changes in the intact human. The optimal interstimulus interval (ISI) between the peripheral nerve and transcranial magnetic stimulus is not known for muscles of the lower leg. The aims of this study were to investigate the effe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01176.2006
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms and impact of correlated, or synchronous, firing among pairs and groups of neurons are under intense investigation throughout the nervous system. A ubiquitous circuit feature that can give rise to such correlations consists of overlapping, or common, inputs to pairs and populations of cells, leading to ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00928.2011
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intracellular recordings near the output terminals of an identified interneuron (the descending contralateral movement detector, DCMD) in the locust revealed the occurrence of depolarizing synaptic potentials. These presynaptic depolarizing potentials were evoked by spikes in both DCMDs, by auditory stimuli, and by...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1981.45.3.501
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The magnitude of postsynaptic Ca(2+) transients is thought to affect activity-dependent synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory. Large Ca(2+) transients have been implicated in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), while smaller Ca(2+) transients have been associated with long-term depression ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.399
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responses have been recorded from primary endings of muscle spindles in the cat soleus muscle. Changes in spindle responsiveness were measured following a period of conditioning that consisted of a series of rapid stretches or of tetanic ventral root stimulation. In the testing procedure the response of a single spind...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.56.2.451
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00