Abstract:
:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) latency in neurons remains poorly understood, and the heterogeneity of the sensory nervous system complicates mechanistic studies. In this study, we used primary culture of adult trigeminal ganglion (TG) mouse neurons in microfluidic devices and an in vivo model to examine the subtypes of sensory neurons involved in HSV latency. HSV-infected neurofilament heavy-positive (NefH+) neurons were more likely to express latency-associated transcripts (LATs) than infected neurofilament heavy-negative (NefH-) neurons. This differential expression of the LAT promoter correlated with differences in HSV-1 early infection that manifested as differences in the efficiency with which HSV particles reached the cell body following infection at the distal axon. In vivo, we further identified a specific subset of NefH+ neurons which coexpressed calcitonin gene-related peptide α (NefH+ CGRP+ neurons) as the sensory neuron subpopulation with the highest LAT promoter activity following HSV-1 infection. Finally, an early-phase reactivation assay showed HSV-1 reactivating in NefH+ CGRP+ neurons, although other sensory neuron subpopulations were also involved. Together, these results show that sensory neurons expressing neurofilaments exhibit enhanced LAT promoter activity. We hypothesize that the reduced efficiency of HSV-1 invasion at an early phase of infection may promote efficient establishment of latency in NefH+ neurons due to initiation of the antiviral state preceding arrival of the virus at the neuronal cell body. While the outcome of HSV-1 infection of neurons is determined by a broad variety of factors in vivo, neuronal subtypes are likely to play differential roles in modulating the establishment of latent infection.IMPORTANCE Two pivotal properties of HSV-1 make it a successful pathogen. First, it infects neurons, which are immune privileged. Second, it establishes latency in these neurons. Together, these properties allow HSV to persist for the lifetime of its host. Neurons are diverse and highly organized cells, with specific anatomical, physiological, and molecular characteristics. Previous work has shown that establishment of latency by HSV-1 does not occur equally in all types of neurons. Our results show that the kinetics of HSV infection and the levels of latency-related gene expression differ in certain types of neurons. The neuronal subtype infected by HSV is therefore a critical determinant of the outcome of infection and latency.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Cabrera JR,Charron AJ,Leib DAdoi
10.1128/JVI.00430-18subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-13 00:00:00issue
13eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.00430-18journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important infectious disease agent of pigs worldwide, causing reproductive failure in pregnant sows and respiratory problems in nursing and growing pigs. PRRSV infection is characterized by a prolonged viremia of 30 or more days and an extended pe...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.11.5923-5933.2004
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flavivirus genus, has a plus-sense RNA genome encoding a single polyprotein. Viral protein NS3 includes a protease and a helicase that are essential to virus replication and to RNA capping. The 1.8-A crystal structure of the helicase region of the YFV NS3 protein includes resi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.16.10268-10277.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::PM2 DNA was prepared with different superhelical densities (sigma) in order to examine the relationship betweenn supercoiling and the occurrence of a region(s) of unpaired bases in this DNA. A previous study showed that CH3HgOH reacts with native superhelical PM2 DNA more rapidly than the nicked form II. This evaluati...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.18.1.195-204.1976
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of vaccines against bluetongue, a prevalent livestock disease, has been focused on surface antigens that induce strong neutralizing antibody responses. Because of their antigenic variability, these vaccines are usually serotype restricted. We now show that a single highly conserved nonstructural protei...
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doi:10.1128/JVI.00938-18
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.12.9934-9939.1998
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abstract::Recent clinical trials examining 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine, or Retrovir) combined with L-2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC or lamivudine) have shown that combination therapy with these nucleoside analogs affords significant virological and clinical benefits. The addition of 3TC to AZT delays AZT re...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.6.5093-5098.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.1.398-402.1989
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.2.8.787-792.1968
更新日期:1968-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA polymerase activity was detected in each of eight preparations of concentrated human hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) rich in Dane particles prepared by high-speed centrifugation of antigen-positive human plasma and in none of seven control preparations prepared in the same way from HBAg-negative plasma. The incorporati...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.12.5.995-1005.1973
更新日期:1973-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy and the effects of its inhibition or induction were investigated during the entire infectious cycle of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a human herpesvirus. As a baseline, we first enumerated the number of autophagosomes per cell after VZV infection compared with the number after induction of autophagy followin...
journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.02646-13
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.24.11531-11537.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lassa fever (LF) is a zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus (LASV), which is endemic to West African countries. Previous studies have suggested an important role for T-cell-mediated immunopathology in LF pathogenesis, but the mechanisms by which T cells influence disease severity and outcome are not w...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01367-20
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abstract::Splicing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exon 6D is regulated by the presence of a complex splicing regulatory element (SRE) sequence that interacts with the splicing factors hnRNP H and SC35. In this work, we show that, in the context of the wild-type viral sequence, hnRNP H acts as a repressor of exon...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00721-08
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::High rates of genetic variation ensure the survival of RNA viruses. Although this variation is thought to result from error-prone replication, RNA viruses must also maintain highly conserved genomic segments. A balance between conserved and variable viral elements is especially important in order for viruses to avoid ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.17.8505-8517.2002
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccinia virus, a poxvirus, produces structurally distinct forms of virions for which the immediate events following cell entry are ill-defined. We provide evidence that intracellular mature virus (IMV) enters both permissive and nonpermissive T-cell lines and that introduction of CCR5 into nonpermissive mouse fibrobl...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00463-06
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacteriophage vB_YecM-ϕR1-37 (ϕR1-37) is a lytic yersiniophage that can propagate naturally in different Yersinia species carrying the correct lipopolysaccharide receptor. This large-tailed phage has deoxyuridine (dU) instead of thymidine in its DNA. In this study, we determined the genomic sequence of phage ϕR1-3...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01783-12
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02448-13
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.53.1.221-227.1985
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A/duck/Shanghai/28-1/2009(H4N2) (DK28) was isolated from a live poultry market in Shanghai, China. Using PCR and sequencing analysis, we obtained the complete genome sequences of the DK28 virus. The sequence analysis demonstrated that this H4N2 virus was a novel multiple-gene reassortant avian influenza virus (AIV) wh...
journal_title:Journal of virology
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01069-08
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for dengue disease, a major human health concern for which no specific therapies are available. Like other viruses, DENV relies heavily on the host cellular machinery for productive infection. In this study, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen us...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.8960-8968.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00078-10
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immediate-early gene ie2 of murine cytomegalovirus was characterized. The 1.75-kb ie2 transcript is spliced from three exons, of 78, 124, and 1,283 nucleotides, which are separated by introns of 1,245 and 364 nucleotides. An ATG codon located in the third exon leads into an open reading frame of 391 codons. Immedi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.3.1638-1643.1991
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simian virus 40 tumor (T) antigen, an established viral oncoprotein, causes alterations in cell growth control through interacting with, and altering the function of, cellular proteins. To examine the effects of T antigen on cell growth control, and to identify the cellular proteins with which it may functionally inte...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.2.756-763.1995
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcript levels from the P5 promoter of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) are negatively regulated by the AAV Rep78 and Rep68 proteins in the absence of helper virus. We have identified a Rep-responsive negative cis element of the P5 promoter between the P5 TATA box and transcription start site by using 5' and 3' ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.11.6787-6796.1995
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.46.2.626-628.1983
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reverse transcription in avian sarcoma virus (ASV) initiates from the 3' end of a tRNA(Trp) primer, which anneals near the 5' end of the RNA genome. The region around the primer-binding site (PBS) forms an elaborate stem structure composed of the U5-inverted repeat (U5-IR) stem, the U5-leader stem, and the association...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.15.7571-7577.2002
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae family, is an arthropod-borne virus which emerges periodically throughout Africa, emphasizing that it poses a major threat for animal and human populations. To assess the genetic variability of RVFV, several isolates from diverse localities of Africa we...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.10.8196-8200.1999
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00