Abstract：
:Negative symptoms of schizophrenia constitute a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem. They substantially account for the impairment of health, social functioning and quality of life whereas treatment is difficult. In this paper the development of the concept of schizophrenia and negative symptoms is presented. The models of positive and negative symptoms, introduced in the 1980's by Timothy Crow and Nancy Andreasen, and William Carpenter's concept of so-called deficit syndrome with the criteria of the division of negative symptoms into the primary and secondary, are discussed. Current views on the pathogenesis of negative symptoms are shown with reference to neuroimaging studies, neurotransmitter alterations, neuropsychological deficits, genetic, immunological and epidemiological studies. A subsection is devoted to the diagnostics tools for negative symptoms. Chronologically, they are divided into scales of the 1st and 2nd generation. The first generation includes: the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS), and the Proxy for Deficit Syndrome. The second generation scales, developed as a result of the recommendation by American experts in 2006, include: the Brief Negative Syndrome Scale (BNSS) and the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), also the self-assessment scales: the Motivation and Pleasure Scale - Self Report (MAP-SR) and the Self-assessment of Negative Symptoms (SNS). The BNSS and the SNS scales, whose Polish versions were elaborated in the Department of Adult Psychiatry of Poznan University of Medical Sciences, are discussed in-depth.
journal_name
Psychiatr Poljournal_title
Psychiatria polskaauthors
Wójciak P,Rybakowski Jdoi
10.12740/PP/70610subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-30 00:00:00pages
185-197issue
2eissn
0033-2674issn
2391-5854pii
70610journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The aim of the literature review was the problem of psychiatric complications of intensive chemo- and radiotherapy, which were used in childhood. These days most children who suffer from acute leukaemia are successfully treated. Most studies indicate cognitive dysfunctions, anxiety and mood disorders. These days a new...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Verification of the level of social support perception and sense of life in patients with anxiety disorder and healthy people; evaluation of the relationship between these variables. METHODS:The Social Support Questionnaire short version (F-SozU K-22) by G. Sommer and T. Fydrich and the Life Attitude Profil...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12740/PP/81447
更新日期：2019-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The purpose of the study was the estimation of comorbidity of depressive syndromes and anorexia nervosa (based on criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV). A group of 30 children (average age--13.5), 27 girls and 3 boys suffering from a first episode of anorexia nervosa was considered. METHOD:Anamnesis from patients and the...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The symptoms of dissociation, depersonalization and derealization are often associated with exposure of patients to mental and physical injuries, usually occurring in childhood. Most of these observations were carried out in populations of patients with various disorders (posttraumatic, conversion-dissocia...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/36296
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The paper aims to present the programme, the outcomes and the conclusions of a psychoeducational training series for families with schizophrenia carried out by the Babiński Specialist Hospital in Kraków, Poland. The paper sets out to describe an explorative project based on qualitative study methods. The programme ...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12740/PP/38934
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The aim of the study was to determine the image of female-to-male transsexuals (FtM) in the opinion of women and men. Methods. The questionnaire studies were carried out in a group of 300 students. Respondents answered questions concerning their age, sex, birthplace and the questions related to different aspects of...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between various areas of self-image and defence mechanisms in adolescents. The study included a division into groups according to whether or not they were receiving psychiatric treatment. METHODS:Data were obtained from two groups: a clinical group (30 pe...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12740/PP/30017
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The military service of Polish soldiers on missions abroad began in 1953. Many years of experience of the Polish army as well as the armed forces of other countries show that being in a mission area has a significant impact on soldiers' mental health. Soldiers experience problems with anxiety disorders, depr...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/75666
更新日期：2018-10-27 00:00:00
abstract：:This review provides an overview of the concepts, methods and current status of the development of the Eleventh Revision of the Mental and Behavioural Disorders chapter of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Given the global use of t...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12740/PP/69660
更新日期：2017-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (IMAO) may be associated with the risk of addiction, which is confirmed by case studies published so far. Harmful use of antidepressants in patients with affective disorders and anxiety is not frequent, but due to the fact that in clinical practice can meet with th...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We analyzed metabolic profile of patients with cognitive dysfunctions by means of levels of lipoproteins, glycaemia and hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:In naturalistic, open manner, we studied 100 persons--44 without cognitive dysfunctions, 17 with MCI and 39 with dementia. Patients were grouped a...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is growing interest in the role of Dehydroepiandrosteron (DHEA) in depression. To evaluate the validity of its administration in depression, the role of DHEA in the mechanism of depression and cardiovascular risk, as so the results of clinical trials must be considered. According to accessible literature, both c...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anxiety and anxiety disorders among people with visual impairment are more frequent than in the general population. It is estimated that . of people with visual impairment face depression and/or anxiety, whereas 4-6% of people are diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The purpose of this paper is analyzing the occurrence ...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/85408
更新日期：2020-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Data was collected from 90 persons in relation to the level of their emotional reactions to life's difficulties as well as to the number of somatic symptoms. It was concluded that falling ill with certain infectious diseases and some psychosomatic states are related to the increased level of emotional processes and th...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Drug addiction belongs to those phenomena of social pathology with complex canses, mechanisms and conditionings. Drug addiction mainly concerns young people, also those from the military environment despite the fact that recruitment boards consider detected drug addicts-conscripts to be completely or tempora...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A group of 107 patients with diagnosis of syndromological dilusional psychosis underwent a catamnestic examination after 11.2 years from contracting the disease (8.7 years after the first hospitalization). During the first hospitalization with application of different criteria, the dependence of the early (clinical im...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is an illness with a large variety of symptoms, significant variability of the individual course, and still not fully explained etiology. It is suggested that genetic, infectious and immunological factors may be involved, and neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and neurotransmitter hypotheses have been...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12740/PP/114952
更新日期：2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Excessive daytime sleepiness is a serious medical problem. It appears against patient will, when he performs normal day activities. It significantly disturbes daily functioning and may be a cause of a serious accidents. Approximately 5% of the general population suffers from excessive daytime sleepiness. The most comm...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Assessment of associations between occurrence of pseudocardiac symptoms in patients qualified for psychotherapy, with intensity and picture of their neurotic personality disorder. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Case records of 2450 patients from years 2004-2014 were analysed in terms of associations between symptoms reporte...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12740/PP/60818
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The authors define the term "satisfaction from life" as being able to achieve satisfying objectives, realize one's own needs and desires. Such a vision depends upon personal experience, knowledge, role models and value system. The objective of this study is to establish the styles of coping with stress, as well as ...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to prepare the Polish adaptation of the Young Schema Questionnaire S3-PL. The scale is a self-assessment tool designed to measure 18 early maladaptive schemas. METHODS:The sample consists of 1,529 adults (927 women and 585 men), aged 18-85 years (mean age was 32 years), from non-cli...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/76541
更新日期：2018-08-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The author discusses the present state and needs of psychogeriatry in Poland. He considers the situation within the period of 33 years, which, in his opinion, has not been distinctly improved in spite of growth of old age disorders and various psycho-social threats connected with economical difficulties. The author di...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) tops the list of sick and death rates all over the world. IHD brings the risk of central nervous system disturbances. On the other hand lower neuropsychological tests results enable to predict cardiac relapse. We assess the neuropsychological function such as working memory and executi...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Up to 30% of medical students suffer from depression. They have better access to healthcare, but still receive appropriate treatment less frequently than people with depression in the general population. Most of them do not seek medical help as depression is perceived as a stigmatizing disorder, which leads to self-st...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/67373
更新日期：2017-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Two groups of male patients were investigated: 19 subjects with diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and 13 with schizoaffective psychosis (8 with both depressive and paranoid symptoms, 5 with manic and paranoid). All patients were treated with perazine in this same manner. During the consecutive stages of therapy the ...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors describe a new rehabilitation unit i.e. The Occupational Therapy Workshops, which were established on the basis of the Decree of Minister of Work and Social Politics. The paper consists of: 1) the law, regulations and rules; 2) experience gathered during one-year period of workshops functioning at the Inst...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:to assess the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or OC symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to find a possible relationship between the presence of OC symptoms and the course of AN. METHOD:137 adolescent female patients with AN, aged 14.8 +/- 1.8 years, completed the Polish vers...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The aim of the paper is to define a relationship between the anxiety level and depression intensification, as well as to define the impact of: age, sex, education level and family situation on the anxiety level and depression intensification in the pre- and postoperative period in patients subjected to myocardial r...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The paper describes a specific form of Oedipus complex that may occur as a result of sexual abuse. The author emphasises that formation of the image of one parent due to actual sexual abuse and the activity of the child's (patient's) own iscestual impulses causes that the second parent is experienced as a terrorizing ...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author presents a literature review of the eventual role of interferon in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Research material is presented of 20 chronic schizophrenic patients treated with Hu-alpha which seems to substantiate the beneficial effects of this substance in some cases which are resistant to curren...
journal_title：Psychiatria polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
