Abstract：
:Despite sequence diversity, glycosylation, and conformational flexibility of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env), antibodies that neutralize diverse HIV-1 strains develop in selected HIV-1-infected individuals. The application of single B cell-based approaches has identified many broad and potent human antibodies from infected donors. Structural studies on antibody recognition of HIV Env have revealed that these broadly reactive antibodies target epitopes covering entire exposed and glycosylated surface on the viral spike; several classes of antibodies recognize the viral spike with converged modes. Critical structural features, such as antibody mimicry of cellular receptors, enable effective HIV-1 neutralization. However, other structural and genetic features, such as long CDR H3, fixed length of CDR L3, restricted germline usage, and high rate of somatic hypermutation, may explain the difficulties in eliciting these antibodies by vaccination. Accumulating information on antibody recognition of HIV-1 Env and ontogenesis suggests distinct pathways for generating effective HIV-1 vaccine based on specific antibody ontogeny or specific target site.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Zhou T,Xu Kdoi
10.1007/978-981-13-0484-2_4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
73-95eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
1075pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The term cardiovascular diseases (CVD) refers to disorders of heart and blood vessels, and include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure, among others. Atherosclerosis is a common background of these diseases. It is not infrequent that some acute diseases, such...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_5
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A key feature of biofilms is their production of an extracellular matrix. This material covers the biofilm cells, providing a protective barrier to the surrounding environment. During an infection setting, this can include such offenses as host cells and products of the immune system as well as drugs used for treatmen...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2016_6
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ventricular fibrillation is the major underlying cause of sudden cardiac death. Understanding the complex activation patterns that give rise to ventricular fibrillation requires high resolution mapping of localized activation. The use of multi-electrode mapping unraveled re-entrant activation patterns that underlie ve...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-17641-3_14
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two-thirds of patients who present with metastatic prostate cancer (PC) are dead within 5 years of diagnosis. The comparable survival rate for patients with localized disease is 100%, which clearly stresses the need for pursuing and developing bioassays that allow prediction of which localized cases are most likely to...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_55
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune epithelitis with predominant female incidence, which is characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction. Incompletely understood, the etiology of SjS is multi-factorial and evidence is growing to consider that epigenetic factors are playing a crucial ro...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-3449-2_11
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiotherapy is an important component of cancer treatment modalities. With the rapid development of three-dimensional conformal, intensity-modulated, image-guided radiotherapy and the efficacy of radiotherapy continues to improve. Autophagy, as a catabolic process, is characterized by the formation of a double-membra...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_25
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptation to hypoxia is essential for regulating the survival and functions of hypoxic cells; it is mainly mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). The alpha subunit of HIF1 (HIF1α) is a well-known regulatory component of HIF1, which is tightly controlled by various types of HIF1α-regulating processes. Prev...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_34
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper develops an analysis of the interaction between circulatory convective and tissue diffusive O2 transport that explains how VO2 max is set by the integrated response to each and every step in the O2 transport chain from atmosphere to mitochondria. We suggest that it is not useful to search for "the" rate lim...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5481-9_22
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychological therapies in order to provide cognitive enhancement have gained some momentum the last decades. The goal of this case study was to evaluate the effects of a cognitive enhancement training program on daily living activities, cognition, and depression in a demented elderly participant. A 6-month training p...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-57379-3_9
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine is essential for the development and function of the central nervous system, retina, and cardiovascular system. It is a naturally occurring amino acid, abundantly found in the retina. It has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, neuroprotective, and osmoregulatory functions in the retina. We used conditionally im...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_80
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One thousand sera, not previously tested for ANCA, were assayed for C-ANCA and anti-alpha-granule antibody. There was low concordance (23%) between the two assays in terms of positivity. Each assay gave a positive predictive value for systemic vasculitis excluding SLE and other connective-tissue diseases) of not more ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-9182-2_45
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chemical reactions of the amino group of taurine with aldehydes were investigated. Glucose, acetaldehyde, and malondialdehyde were used as aldehydes. After taurine had reacted, the amounts of remaining taurine and aldehydes were measured, and the reactivity was evaluated. Amino acids such as glycine, alpha-alanine...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-1471-2_8
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many fields such as data mining, machine learning, pattern recognition and signal processing, data sets containing huge number of features are often involved. Feature selection is an essential data preprocessing technique for such high-dimensional data classification tasks. Traditional dimensionality reduction appr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7046-6_10
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2)), a potentially important parameter in clinical practice, can be measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Various devices use the multi-distance approach based on the diffusion approximation of the radiative transport equation [1, 2]. When determining the absorption coefficient (...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_24
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3) channel has a well-recognized role in a number of signaling mechanisms that impact the function of diverse cells and tissues in physiology and disease. The latter includes, but is not limited to, molecular and cellular...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_9
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An unknown, but significant subgroup (perhaps the majority), of patients who have undergone chemotherapy treatment for their cancer report a subsequent decline in cognitive performance (e.g., difficulty in balancing a checkbook; forgetting or mixing up names of friends or relatives, etc.). The condition has been terme...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review focuses on the role of cerebral blood volume in the intracranial hemodynamics that may influence the pathophysiology of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Cerebral blood flow is elevated in acute hypoxia exposure in humans, but the response in this setting of cerebral blood volume is unknown. After discussing ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-8997-0_11
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is accumulating that old individuals are more susceptible to infection with organisms to which they were previously immune, indicating that there might be a limit to the persistence of immune memory. The prevailing concept is that defects in memory T-cell populations result from inexorable end-stage different...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-6451-9_15
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) have attracted much attention because of their particular physico-chemical properties, including superparamagnetism. These features make them suitable for many purposes and several interesting biomedical applications, such as to increase contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as d...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-72041-8_12
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Earlier we demonstrated that meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a specific inhibitor of arginine mono-ADP-ribosylation blocks proliferation and differentiation of chick skeletal myogenic cells in culture (Exp. Cell Res., 1992, 201:33-42). Membrane fractions from 4-day, myotube cultures of embryonic chick muscle cells we...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-8632-0_40
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce attaching and effacing lesions. The genes responsible for this lesion are clustered on the chromosome forming a 35.5 kilobase pathogenesis island called LEE. The LEE was identified, characterized and completely sequenced from the human EPEC strain E2348/69. The LEE carr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4143-1_11
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer is a complex multistep disease characterized by a profound genetic instability which leads to the aberrant and uncoordinated expression of several gene products, ultimately leading to the acquisition of a malignant phenotype. The identification of molecules and pathways that contribute to cancer establishment a...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-6066-5_6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) release into the medium in which they are cultured heterogeneous populations of microvesicles (mESMVs), important components of cell-cell communication, that transfer their contents not only to other stem cells but also to cells of other origins. The purpose of these studies was to d...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_75
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As longevity expands, women are spending a third of their existence in menopause and beyond. The vast majority suffer from symptoms that negatively impact their quality of life. Systemic vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are the classic cluster affecting 80% of peri- and post-menopausal women. Once thought to be relatively bri...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-38474-6_6
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laser diffraction and photomicrography have been used to monitor sarcomere length changes in single muscle fibres of the frog, at long sarcomere lengths, during fixed end tetani. In the central 90% of all fibres, changes in sarcomere length were consistently less than 0.25 micron. Sarcomere length showed an initial ra...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-4703-3_42
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Xenogeneic immunization of freshly-prepared human glioma extracts into goats has yielded a polyclonal antiserum, which after multiple absorptions specifically identifies antigenic entities only in glioma extracts, and not in appropriate controls, both by radioimmunoassays (RIAs) and Western immunoblots. The results fr...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-6000-1_30
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone that participates in the regulation of parturition and lactation. It has also been implicated in various behaviors, such as mating and maternal, and memory. To investigate whether or not oxytocin (OT) is essential for any of these functions, we eliminated, by homologous recombination,...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4871-3_30
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The origin of DNA replication of bacteriophage f1 consists of two functional domains: 1) a "core region", about 40 nucleotides long, that is absolutely required for viral (plus) strand replication and contains three distinct but partially overlapping signals, a) the recognition sequence for the viral gene II protein, ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-8730-5_18
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long before the RNA degrading exosome was first described in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the use of autoantibodies found in the sera of certain autoimmune patients allowed the identification of a complex of polypeptides which later appeared to be the human exosome. Today, the most extensively documented associ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer is considered the disease of the century, which can be easily understood considering its increasing incidence worldwide. Over the last years, nanotechnology has been presenting promising theranostic approaches to tackle cancer, as the development of nanoparticle-based therapies. But, regardless of the promising...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-36588-2_10
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
