Abstract:
:A total of 51 dorsal horn units responsive to heat were isolated and their receptive fields characterized (i.e., response properties and adequate stimuli determined) in pentobarbital-anesthetized, paralyzed rats. In 39 of the 51 units, the descending inhibition of heat-evoked activity produced by focal electrical stimulation in the locus ceruleus/subceruleus (LC/SC) was examined. All units studied responded to mechanical stimulation, to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral tibial nerve at intensities supramaximal to activate A-alpha, delta- and C-fibers, and to noxious heating (50 degrees C) of the footpad. The cutaneous receptive fields of all units were confined to the glabrous skin of the toes and footpad. All neurons examined were located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in laminae I-VI. Tracking experiments established that inhibition of heat-evoked dorsal horn unit activity could be reliably produced by focal electrical stimulation in both the contralateral and ipsilateral LC/SC. The inhibition produced by electrical stimulation in the LC/SC was intensity-, pulse duration-, and frequency-dependent. In six experiments, the efficacy of LC/SC stimulation-produced inhibition of heat-evoked activity was compared using two pulse durations (100 and 400 microseconds); greater inhibition of heat-evoked activity was produced at lower intensities of stimulation at the 400-microseconds pulse duration. In 10 experiments, the frequency of stimulation was varied (25-200 Hz); stimulation at a frequency of 100 Hz resulted in maximal inhibition of heat-evoked activity for stimulation sites both inside (n = 7) and outside (n = 3) the LC/SC. Inhibition of heat-evoked dorsal horn unit activity could be reliably produced by focal electrical stimulation in sites inside the LC/SC (n = 18). Significant descending inhibition of noxious heat-evoked spinal neuronal activity could also be produced by stimulation in pontine sites located outside the LC/SC, however, not as reliably. Systematic electrode tracks were made through the pons, using a searching stimulus of 100 microA, to locate sites medial, lateral, and ventral to the LC/SC from which significant descending inhibition could be produced. Stimulation in 156 sites outside the LC/SC at 100 microA produced inhibition of heat-evoked spinal unit activity to 50% of control or less in only 37 sites. Descending inhibition was characterized quantitatively from 14 of these 37 sites; the mean intensities of stimulation to inhibit heat-evoked activity to 50% of control were experimentally determined, and the mean thresholds of stimulation for inhibition and the mean recruitment indices were calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Jones SL,Gebhart GFdoi
10.1152/jn.1986.56.5.1397subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-11-01 00:00:00pages
1397-410issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
56pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Sensory-driven behaviors engage a cascade of cortical regions to process sensory input and generate motor output. To investigate the temporal dynamics of neural activity at this global scale, we have improved and integrated tools to perform functional imaging across large areas of cortex using a transgenic mouse expre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01056.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease is associated with altered neural activity in the motor cortex. Chronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective in suppressing parkinsonian motor symptoms and modulates cortical activity. However, the anatomical pathways responsible for STN DBS-medi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00862.2017
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) induces stimulation polarity-dependent neuroplastic excitability shifts in the human brain. Because it accomplishes long-lasting effects and its application is simple, it is used increasingly. However, one drawback is its low focality, caused by 1) the large stimulation electrode and...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01312.2006
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber-evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn may be relevant to pathological pain. Our previous work has shown that the late phase of the spinal LTP is protein synthesis-dependent. Considerable evidence has accumulated that dopamine D1/D5 receptors are important for late-phase ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01324.2004
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Extracellular and intracellular recordings from an isolated thoraco-abdominal preparation of the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, demonstrate that the swimmeret and the abdominal positioning systems can at times be spontaneously coordinated with each other. 2. Two forms of coordination were encountered between t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.5.1373
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of glutamate into the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule can reflexly induce a prolonged increase in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles, however, the characteristics of TMJ afferents activated by glutamate have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2446
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that climbing fiber inputs evoked by a peripheral stimulus increase the responsiveness of Purkinje cells to mossy fiber inputs. This hypothesis was based on a previous series of observations demonstrating that spontaneous climbing fiber inputs are associated with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1983.50.1.205
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor networks such as the pyloric network of the stomatogastric ganglion often require descending neuromodulatory inputs to initiate, regulate, and modulate their activity and their synaptic connectivity to manifest physiologically appropriate output. Prolonged removal of these descending inputs often results in a co...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00183.2012
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor control relies on multiple sources of information. To estimate the position and motion of the hand, the brain uses both vision and body-position (proprioception and kinesthesia) senses from sensors in the muscles, tendons, joints, and skin. Although performance is better when more than one sensory modality is pr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1152/jn.90544.2008
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lateral hypothalamus (LH), which plays a role in homeostatic functions such as appetite regulation, is also linked to arousal and motivational behavior. However, little is known about how these components are encoded in the LH. Thus cynomolgus monkeys were conditioned with two distinct contexts, i.e., an appetitiv...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00247.2018
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the activity of somatosensory cortex (S1) neurons to self-generated shear forces on the index and thumb, two monkeys were trained to grasp a stationary metal tab with a key grip and exert forces without the fingers slipping in one of four orthogonal directions for 1 s. A majority (∼85%) of slowly adapting a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00749.2014
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many single-unit electrophysiological studies of visual cortex have investigated strong evoked responses to simple stimuli such as oriented gratings. Experiments involving other types of stimuli, such as natural scenes, higher-order features, and surface brightness, produce single-unit responses that are more difficul...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00420.2001
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies using advanced matrix factorization techniques have shown that the coordination of human voluntary limb movements may be accomplished using combinations of a small number of intermuscular coordination patterns, or muscle synergies. However, the potential use of muscle synergies for isometric force gen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1152/jn.00173.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of the thumb to hand function, little is known about the origins of thumb impairment poststroke. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study was to assess whether thumb flexors have heightened stretch reflexes (SRs) following stroke-induced hand impairment. The secondary purpose was to compar...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00423.2009
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During anticipated postural perturbations induced by limb movement, the central nervous system generates anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in the trunk and hip musculature to minimize disturbances to equilibrium. Age-related changes in functional organization of the nervous system may contribute to changes in A...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00428.2018
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The fast extensor tibiae motor neuron makes direct excitatory central connections with the posterior group of flexor tibiae motor neurons in the locust metathoracic ganglion. The flexor group has a slow, a fast, and an intermediate motor neuron. The motor neurons are involved in the motor program for kicking and ju...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.2.529
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of studies were carried out to investigate the role of the cerebellar flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in the ability to voluntarily cancel the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). Squirrel monkeys were trained to pursue moving visual targets and to fixate a head stationary or earth stationary target during passi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1599
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stratified organization of visual, somatic and acoustic representations was observed in the cat SC. Cells of the superficial laminae were exclusively visual. Visual, somatic, and acoustic cells were observed in the intermediate laminae while the deeper laminae were predominantly nonvisual. A detailed examination of ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1976.39.2.401
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our mental representation of object categories is hierarchically organized, and our rapid and seemingly effortless categorization ability is crucial for our daily behavior. Here, we examine responses of a large number (>600) of neurons in monkey inferior temporal (IT) cortex with a large number (>1,000) of natural and...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00024.2007
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies examining the influence of afferent stimulation on corticospinal excitability have demonstrated that the intensity of afferent stimulation and the nature of the afferents targeted (cutaneous/proprioceptive) determine the effects. In this study, we assessed the effects of whole-hand water immersion (WI...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00161.2014
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial and temporal properties of LGN receptive fields were studied by flashing a small bar of light across the field in 28 discrete steps. The flashes at each of the spatial positions were used to produce 28 PST histograms. These histograms were in turn displayed as a plane, with space on the chi axis, time on the p...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1976.39.2.213
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated enhancement of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) was investigated in chick brain slices. Whole cell recordings of neurons in the lateral spiriform (SpL) and ventral lateral genic...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.447
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study the role of plastic changes of the human motor system in the acquisition of new fine motor skills. We mapped the cortical motor areas targeting the contralateral long finger flexor and extensor muscles in subjects learning a one-handed, five-finger exercise o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1037
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabotropic receptors modulate numerous cellular processes by intracellular Ca2+ signaling, but less is known about their role in regulating mitochondrial metabolic function within the CNS. In this study, we demonstrate in area CA3 of rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures that glutamatergic, serotonergic, and mu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00042.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient sensory coding implies that populations of neurons should represent information-rich aspects of a signal with little redundancy. Recent studies have shown that neural heterogeneity in higher brain areas enhances the efficiency of encoding by reducing redundancy across the population. Here, we study how neura...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00256.2010
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In layer 2/3 of neocortex, brief trains of action potentials in pyramidal neurons (PNs) induce the mobilization of endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), resulting in a depression of GABA release from the terminals of inhibitory interneurons (INs). This depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) is mediated by ac...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00817.2007
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex movements are generally thought to consist of a series of simpler elements. If this is so, how does the sensorimotor system assemble the pieces? This study recorded and evaluated sequences of arm movements to various targets placed in three-dimensional (3D) space. Subjects performed sequences consisting of sin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01062.2002
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::M current relaxations recorded in PC12 cells were subjected to nonstationary noise analysis (NSNA) to obtain estimates of single-channel current (i), channel number (N), and open probability (Po) for the channels responsible for M current. The analysis was constrained such that N and single-channel conductance were th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2131
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Presynaptic inhibition of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus was investigated by comparing the effects of several agonists on miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs). 2. The Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin increased the frequency of mEPSCs and mIPSCs but did not affect their amp...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.5.2017
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular discharges from single neurons in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) were recorded and analyzed for rate changes associated with visually guided forearm rotations to four different targets. We sought to examine how GPi neurons contribute to movement preparation and execution. Unit discharg...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.998
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00