Abstract：
:Numerous studies conducted with human participants have shown that differences in chronotype, defined as individual patterns of early or late beginning of daily activity, have implications for many biobehavioral processes, such as cognitive performance, mood, impulsivity, academic achievement of college students, and mental health. However, the determinants of individual variation in chronotype have not been investigated. Basic research on circadian rhythms has provided a basis for investigating the causes of chronotype variation, but experimental tests of pertinent hypotheses are difficult to conduct with human subjects. This limitation can be overcome by use of animal models. This study was conducted with a rodent species, the antelope ground squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus), that, like humans, is active during the daytime, exhibits a spread of chronotypes, and has a similar average free-running circadian period. We found chronotype to be a stable trait within individuals based on strong consistency of separate determinations made six months apart (correlation r = 0.91). We also found a moderate correlation of chronotype with the duration of the active phase (r = -0.51) and with free running period (r = 0.34), but weak correlation with rhythm robustness (r = 0.16), and no correlation with photic responsiveness or with masking responses. The best multiple regression model, incorporating the duration of the active phase, free-running period, and rhythm robustness, explained 38% of the variance in chronotype. Although 62% of the variance in chronotype remained unaccounted for, the results are encouraging because they document the possibility of using a diurnal rodent as a model for the investigation of the determinants of chronotype variation in humans.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Refinetti R,Earle G,Kenagy GJdoi
10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-01 00:00:00pages
146-153eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
S0031-9384(18)30670-Xjournal_volume
199pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The amphibian tetradecapeptide bombesin (BN) decreases food intake in both humans and animals. Studies have typically examined the effects of BN on scheduled meals in deprived subjects. To investigate the properties of this peptide under more naturalistic conditions, we examined the effects of BN in spontaneously feed...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)02136-1
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chorda tympani nerve (CT) and the glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) have been considered important nerves for the sense of taste. We studied the effect of bilateral sectioning of the CT and/or GL on the sweet taste in the mouse. Before and after surgery we analyzed the daily drinking patterns, using the two-bottle prefe...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90171-b
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) patients have impaired salivary gland function and an elevated frequency of oral complaints. The taste complaints are thought to be due to sensory deficits that arise in the absence of sufficient saliva to maintain taste receptors. We assessed the subjective complaints, salivary production and ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)00211-m
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ingestion of placenta and amniotic fluid has been shown to enhance opioid-mediated analgesia produced by morphine injection, footshock, vaginal/cervical stimulation, and during late pregnancy in rats. The present study was designed to determine how soon after ingestion the enhancement begins and how long it lasts. Tai...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90058-9
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (NOH) is characterized by a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥20 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥10 mmHg within three minutes of upright posture. NOH is common in the elderly population. This group of individuals is at an increased risk for deficits in multiple cognitive...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112682
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adequate energy intake is vital for the survival of humans and is regulated by complex homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Supported by functional MRI (fMRI) studies that consistently demonstrate differences in brain response as a function of weight status during exposure to appetizing food stimuli, it has been posite...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.025
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exaggerated reactivity to food cues involving calorically-dense foods may significantly contribute to food consumption beyond caloric need. Chronic stress, which can induce palatable "comfort" food consumption, may trigger or reinforce neural pathways leading to stronger reactions to highly rewarding foods. We impleme...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.010
更新日期：2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of ethanol on retrieval from long-term memory by using a set of cognitive decision tasks. Male and female subjects were administered either 0.0 or 1.0 milliliter of ethanol per kilogram of body weight, and then asked to make physical, lexical, and semantic decisions about pai...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90103-0
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plate shapes and package sizes, lighting and layout, color and convenience: these are a few of hidden persuaders that can contribute to how much food a person eats. This review first posits that these environmental factors influence eating because they increase consumption norms and decrease consumption monitoring. Se...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.05.003
更新日期：2010-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Two psychophysical methods were used to investigate the capacity of humans to identify the constituents of odor mixtures consisting of up to six components. With one method subjects were required to identify all the components present in each stimulus; with the other, a selective attention procedure was used where sub...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(92)90458-e
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motivational audiovisual stimuli such as music and video have been widely used in the realm of exercise and sport as a means by which to increase situational motivation and enhance performance. The present study addressed the mechanisms that underlie the effects of motivational stimuli on psychophysiological responses...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.001
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of quercetin in the impairment of memory and anxiogenic-like behavior induced by cadmium (Cd) exposure. We also investigated possible alterations in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activities as well as in oxidative s...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.06.008
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and hypertension is the most common risk factor for death. Although many anti-hypertensive pharmacotherapies are approved for use in the United States, rates of hypertension have increased over the past decade. This review article summarizes a presentation...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.020
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanolic extract of leaves of Morus alba L. (M. alba), known as white mulberry, was orally administered (100 mg/kg b.wt) for 8 weeks to female Wistar rats that were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), to investigate the potential of M. alba leaves in attenuation of obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and defici...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.010
更新日期：2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Larger food portions lead to increased intake but the mechanism behind this effect is unclear. We investigated the effect of portion size on bite size, eating rate, deceleration rate, and meal duration. DESIGN AND METHODS:Thirty-seven overweight women attended 5 visits after a 3 h fast and consumed a 229, 30...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.041
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cold water swim (CWS, 2 degrees C, 3.5 min) decreases the responsiveness to nociceptive stimuli in rats. The influence of various parameters of the CWS condition on stress-induced analgesia were evaluated by means of naltrexone effects. Naltrexone dose-dependently (but significantly only at high doses--21 mg/kg) parti...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(84)90308-1
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A technique for sectioning the optic nerve in rats is described which permits direct viewing of the nerve during surgery. The technique results in no damage to the front of the eye. A procedure for constructing cheap, effective retractors is described. ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(76)90026-3
更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exogenously administered dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a potent inhibitor of sexual behavior in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats and endogenous DHT has been implicated as an inhibitor of sexual behavior in cycling rats. To determine the temporal relationship between DHT levels and the expression of sexual behavior,...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(88)90298-3
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The position of substantia nigra anterior to the interaural line has been correlated with body weight in Wistar rats. A regression line y = 0.0050x + 1.36 makes it possible to locate the substantia nigra in different sized rats ranging between 140 g and 460 g. This equation is not valid for Sprague Dawley rats. The po...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(82)90075-0
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The regulation of food and fluid intake in lactating women was examined by comparing maternal intake during lactation, 6 weeks postpartum, to intake in two groups of nonpregnant, nonlactating women. All subjects completed a questionnaire and then filled out a food-intake diary for seven consecutive days. Lactating wom...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90071-m
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autism has been becoming the focus of attention as its apparently increasing prevalence is better appreciated. According to some estimates, the frequency of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) can be as high as 1 in 150. The diagnosis can be made as early as 2 years of age, and autistic patients often have ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00165-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous winning experience increases the probability of winning a subsequent contest. However, it is not clear whether winning probability is affected only by the outcome of the contest (winning or losing) or whether fighting experience itself is also sufficient to induce this effect. We investigated this question in...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.029
更新日期：2012-01-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Lean, preweanling Zucker rat pups increase neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in response to a 24-h deprivation of food, water, and maternal interaction as early as postnatal day 2 (P2). In this study, we examined if replacing nutritive or tactile aspects of maternal behavior to depriv...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00644-3
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin regulates energy homeostasis and reproduction. One key population of leptin receptors (Lepr) are found on proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, and evidence links the action of gonadal estrogens to these same POMC neurons. To determine whether Lepr on POMC neurons are critical ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.02.018
更新日期：2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Exploratory, locomotor and ambulatory activities were measured in nine independent groups of three inbred strains of mice (BALB/cBy, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J), at three different ages (150 days, 400 days and 750 days). The results show that for two of the three variables, the age-related changes present different patterns ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90063-2
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bombesin, an analog to gastrin releasing peptide, has previously been shown to inhibit food intake in the rat. In order to further characterize the effects of bombesin on ingestive behavior, the present study examined licking patterns of rats drinking sweetened condensed milk following bombesin (4 micrograms/kg, IP) o...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90384-r
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence indicates that rats can learn to avoid aversive consequences of several hours of food deprivation by eating more of food having orosensory characteristics that predict a protracted fast. Two new studies tested if macronutrient composition of a flavoured meal before the reinforcing fast influences this ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.02.007
更新日期：2006-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have established the pancreatic B-cell hormone amylin as an important anorectic peptide affecting meal-ending satiety. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a chronic infusion of the amylin antagonist AC 187 on food intake. The studies were performed using obese Zucker fa/fa rats, which ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.002
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a widely held view that hunger prompts feeding to ensure energy needs are met, while thirst cues drinking to address hydration requirements. However, recent changes in the nature of the food supply and eating patterns have raised questions about the functionality of these relationships with respect to maintai...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.04.007
更新日期：2008-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：:High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection proves to be a reliable method for determination of plasma catecholamines (CA) to assess the possible role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in essential hypertension (EH). The present investigation in a group of 15 normotensive (N) and...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(91)90302-5
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
