Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), the most abundant of all intracranial tumors, entail severe comorbidities. First-line therapy is transsphenoidal surgery, but subsequent pharmacological therapy is often required. Unfortunately, many patients are/become unresponsive to available drugs (somatostatin analogues [SSAs]/dopamine agonists), underscoring the need for new therapies. Statins are well-known drugs commonly prescribed to treat hyperlipidemia/cardiovascular diseases, but can convey additional beneficial effects, including antitumor actions. The direct effects of statins on normal human pituitary or PitNETs are poorly known. Thus, we aimed to explore the direct effects of statins, especially simvastatin, on key functional parameters in normal and tumoral pituitary cells, and to evaluate the combined effects of simvastatin with metformin (MF) or SSAs. METHODS:Effects of statins in cell proliferation/viability, hormone secretion, and signaling pathways were evaluated in normal pituitary cells from a primate model (Papio anubis), tumor cells from corticotropinomas, somatotropinomas, nonfunctioning pituitary tumors, and PitNET cell-lines (AtT20/GH3-cells). RESULTS:All statins decreased AtT20-cell proliferation, simvastatin showing stronger effects. Indeed, simvastatin reduced cell viability and/or hormone secretion in all PitNETs subtypes and cell-lines, and ACTH/GH/PRL/FSH/LH secretion (but not expression), in primate cell cultures, by modulating MAPK/PI3K/mTOR pathways and expression of key receptors (GH-releasing hormone-receptor/ghrelin-R/Kiss1-R) regulating pituitary function. Addition of MF or SSAs did not enhance simvastatin antitumor effects. CONCLUSION:Our data reveal direct antitumor effects of simvastatin on PitNET-cells, paving the way to explore these compounds as a possible tool to treat PitNETs.
journal_name
Neuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Neuroendocrinologyauthors
Vázquez-Borrego MC,Fuentes-Fayos AC,Herrera-Martínez AD,Venegas-Moreno E,L-López F,Fanciulli A,Moreno-Moreno P,Alhambra-Expósito MR,Barrera-Martín A,Dios E,Blanco-Acevedo C,Solivera J,Granata R,Kineman RD,Gahete MD,Soto-Mordoi
10.1159/000505923subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
1028-1041issue
11-12eissn
0028-3835issn
1423-0194pii
000505923journal_volume
110pub_type
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