Abstract:
:The Minimental State Examination (MMSE), created in 1975 as a tool for briefly evaluating the patient's mental state, has been widely used and is the most frequently cited cognitive test on Medline, as well as being the one with the most versions in different languages (over 70). Through a review of the Medline database, this paper aims to analyse its virtues and shortcomings, in addition to determining its current clinical usefulness, in both the original version and any of its modifications, although here we are mainly concerned with its Spanish adaptations. The MMSE (original or versions) is the most commonly used test for standardised cognitive assessment in the clinical setting, especially in the case of the elderly. It is the test with the most data for screening, staging and monitoring dementias. Yet, because filling it in may take over 10 minutes, it has to compete with shorter, more specific screening tests in the primary care and community setting. In the hospital and specialised setting, there is a need for broader standardised neuropsychological tests that make it possible to detect subtle cognitive disorders in patients with incipient dementia or mild cognitive impairment, as well as to establish a cognitive profile of the different subtypes of dementia. This study proposes a series of recommendations on the clinical use of the Spanish versions of the MMSE in different contexts of application. TITLE:Versiones en español del Minimental State Examination (MMSE). Cuestiones para su uso en la practica clinica. :El Minimental State Examination (MMSE), creado en 1975 como instrumento para la evaluacion breve del estado mental, ha tenido una gran difusion, y es el test cognitivo mas citado en Medline y con mayor numero de versiones idiomaticas (superiores a 70). Este articulo pretende, mediante una revision en la base de datos Medline, analizar sus virtudes y limitaciones, ademas de precisar su utilidad clinica actual, tanto de la version original como de sus modificaciones, principalmente de las adaptaciones al español. El MMSE (original o versiones) es el test mas utilizado para la evaluacion cognitiva estandarizada en el ambito clinico, sobre todo en el anciano. Es el que dispone de mas datos para el cribado, estadiaje y seguimiento de las demencias. Sin embargo, dado que su cumplimentacion puede requerir mas de 10 minutos, ha de competir con tests de cribado mas cortos y especificos en atencion primaria y el medio comunitario. En el ambito hospitalario y especializado, se precisan evaluaciones neuropsicologicas estandarizadas mas amplias que permitan detectar alteraciones cognitivas sutiles en pacientes con demencia incipiente o alteracion cognitiva leve, ademas de establecer un perfil cognitivo de los diferentes subtipos de demencias. Este trabajo realiza una serie de recomendaciones sobre el uso clinico de las versiones españolas del MMSE en diferentes contextos de aplicacion.
journal_name
Rev Neuroljournal_title
Revista de neurologiaauthors
Llamas-Velasco S,Llorente-Ayuso L,Contador I,Bermejo-Pareja Fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-16 00:00:00pages
363-71issue
8eissn
0210-0010issn
1576-6578pii
rn2015107journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dystonia is defined as a sustained co-contraction of agonistic and antagonistic muscles that can cause twisting, twitching and abnormal postures. Occupational dystonias are included in a special group of pathologies that are secondary to a repeated effort related to the professional activity carried out by...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Increased survival of patients with stroke, and reduction in the time spent in hospital, has led to more domiciliary care and extra problems of adjustment for the patient chronically disabled by the stroke and for his carer. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Ninety patient-carer units from the Stroke Unit of the Hospi...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The published data on neurological resources and the demand for neurological care in Spain were reviewed. Also, this demand was analysed in a specific health district (area 11, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid). DEVELOPMENT:About 2.5 neurologists per 100,000 inhabitants in Spain was estimated to...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Intracranial arterial aneurysms are little frequent among the pediatric age group but the frequency is still lower in children under 1 year of age and extremely rare in neonates. We present a case, review literature and propose common characteristics and management of this pathology. CASE REPORT:A term ne...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sequencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and the measurements of the gene product FMRP, have enabled protein quantification of variations within the FMR1 gene and FMRP-clinical correlations. DEVELOPMENT:This paper will review our knowledge of the regulation of FMR1 gene expression and ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The progress made in perinatal health care in recent years has changed the epidemiology of neurological diseases during the neonatal period. The reduction in neonatal mortality has been accompanied by an increasingly large number of patients suffering from disabling diseases or with a risk of suffering fro...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:We present a diagnostic decision tree for the correct use of neuropsychological evaluation techniques in head injury. Our aim is to avoid extensive, intensive use of unnecessary tests and measurements or lapses into diagnostic error which often accompany cognitive dysfunction when 'superficia...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:It is known as segmental neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) a type of NF1 characterized by the features circumscribed to one or more body cutaneous and/or subcutaneous segments. This entity is recognized from recently and it is related with somatic mosaicism. PATIENTS AND METHODS:43 patients (29 females and 1...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::The neurochemistry of Parkinson's disease and other degenerative parkinsonisms is reviewed, emphasizing the changes described in the dopaminergic system. Presynaptic dopaminergic markers are reduced over the striatum in all these degenerative parkinsonisms, dopamine receptor changes being more heterogeneous. While in ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Optogenetic is an experimental technique that combines genetic engineering and optical physics procedures to mark specific neurons in the brain and activate them at will through rays of light of certain frequency. AIM:To explain, to readers not versed in genetics the history, the rationale and the present...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Decrease in incidence of neurosyphilis over the last few decades implies that clinicians consider less frequently this diagnosis. On the other hand, some reports suggest an increase in atypical forms of this disease that represent an additional reason for missing this diagnosis. CLINICAL CASE:We report on...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The author reviews the value of the electrophysiological techniques: electromyography (EMG), electroneurography or motor and sensitive nerve conduction velocity (MCV, SCV), brainstem auditory potentials (BAER), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and electroretinography (ERG), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP)...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The appearance of involuntary movements in the clinical course of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (DSR) constitutes a rare clinical entity. In this context, the most frequent changes in movements are muscle spasms and focal dystonia, although postural tremor, muscle weakness and rhythmic myoclonus have also been describe...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The diagnosis of attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) is a controversial process that may be conditioned to a certain extent by the system of diagnostic classification, by the measuring instrument, by the population that has been chosen for study and by the source of information....
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Restless legs is an unpleasant sensation in the calves that occurs when the individual is sitting or laying down, with an irresistible urge to move the legs. It has been know as a cause of insomnia. We have been using various drugs with a variety of effectiveness. Levodopa is now considered the drug of cho...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To obtain better understanding of the neurophysiology of sleep and of depression, together with any relationship there might be between them. DEVELOPMENT:We review the mechanisms of action of the neurotransmitters involved in the sleep-waking cycle, and also the antidepressive drugs, concentrating on those ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Clinical, electrophysiological, genetic and biochemical deficiencies variability were evaluated in 52 patients diagnosed of mitochondrial respiratory chain diseases (MRCD). PATIENTS AND METHODS:26 men and 26 women, aged 19 to 79 years, were tested by clinical examination, electrophysiological techniques, ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:We review three of the most important functional techniques in magnetic resonance imaging, it means spectroscopy, perfusion and diffusion; we do emphasize in its applications, particularly in the diagnostic and treatment of brain tumors. First, we discuss the physical principles and results interpretation of each t...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Disorders of gait are a common problem in elderly people. It is estimated that over 15% of people aged over 65 years have disorders of gait. Disorders of balance are also common in old age, with increased risk of falling and lesions due to falls. Every year 20-30% of the elderly people living alone have falls. The cau...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:TITLE:Signo del cerebelo blanco (reversal sign). : ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction that presents clinically as fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscles, as of the ocular region (myasthenia ocular). AIM:To demonstrate that the sensitivity and specificity of the ice pack test are high, in the differential diagnosis o...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to evaluate the degree of neurological knowledge in a general practitioner (GP), and given the lack of a useful instrument with which to do so, we propose the drawing up of a neurological knowledge test which would give adequate psychometric guarantees. By using a broad-based sample of professionals working i...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating neurological disease that usually gives rise to motor, perceptive, affective and cognitive disorders in patients. These symptoms can lead the person to lose his or her job and lower the quality of life of both patients and their relatives. AIM:To review the literature...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:In the search for new, potentially treatable, vascular risk factors, one of the most recent to be put forward is the presence of increased total homocysteine (tHc) levels in blood plasma and this has also given rise to a large amount of literature and controversy. The origin of this hypothesis lies in the observat...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-02-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Many neuropsychological tests used in Spain have been normed on Spanish-speaking persons in the USA and South America. In addition, the normative samples often span limited age or educational ranges, potentially decreasing their representativeness of the population, the interpretation of test results, and ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2015-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Synthesis of IgG is useful data for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, and different formulas, both direct and indirect, are used to quantify this. We analyze these formulas with the objective of finding whether certain combinations of them would give better results than the individual formulas on their ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Based on medullary traction as responsible for idiopathic syringomyelia (SMI), idiopathic scoliosis (ESCID), Arnold Chiari malformation (ARCH), platybasia (PTB), basilar impression (IMB), odontoid recess (RTO) kinking of the brain stem (KTC) and considering the medullary traction to be transmitted by the f...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuropathology of haemorrhagic and hypoxic-ischaemic perinatal encephalopathies and their effect on the post-natal development of the brain, has been studied in children who survived with these lesions (for days, weeks, months and even years). Eventually some children developed neurological sequelae, including epi...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Human beings are characterised by the specialisation of certain functions, such as language or the ability to walk. We have achieved this capacity thanks to the development of multiple connections among different areas of the central and peripheral nervous system, together with adaptation of the musculoske...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::The association of unilateral ptosis and contralateral palpebral retraction named as "palpebral plus-minus syndrome" by Gaynard et al is an infrequent finding. Most cases described are of peripheral origin and secondary to muscle pathology or neuromuscular union. Cases secondary to central lesions are exceptional. We ...
journal_title:Revista de neurologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00