Abstract：
:Heparanase is the principal enzyme that degrades heparan sulfate (HS) in both physiological (HS turnover) and pathological (tumor metastasis, inflammation) cell conditions, catalysing the hydrolysis of the β-1-4 glycosidic bond in -GlcUA-β(1-4)-GlcNX-. Despite efforts to define the minimum trisaccharide sequence that allows glycans to be recognized by heparanase, a rigorous "molecular code" by which the enzyme reads and degrades HS chains has not been identified. The X-ray diffraction model of heparanase, resolved by Wu et al (2015), revealed a complex between the trisaccharide GlcNS6S-GlcUA-GlcNS6S and heparanase. Efforts are ongoing to better understand how HS mimetics longer than three residues are recognized by heparanase before being hydrolyzed or inhibit the enzyme. It is also important to consider the flexibility of the enzyme active site, a feature that opens up the development of heparanase inhibitors with structures significantly different from HS or heparin. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art knowledge about structural aspects of heparanase activities in terms of substrate recognition, mechanism of hydrolysis, and inhibition.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Elli S,Guerrini Mdoi
10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
169-188eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
1221pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The cytoskeleton consists of filamentous protein polymers that form organized structures, contributing to a multitude of cell life aspects. It includes three types of polymers: the actin microfilaments, the microtubules and the intermediate filaments. Decades of research have implicated the cytoskeleton in processes t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_12
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3D digital technologies have advanced rapidly over recent decades and they can now afford new ways of interacting with anatomical and cultural artefacts. Such technologies allow for interactive investigation of visible or non-observable surfaces, haptic generation of content and tactile experiences with digital and ph...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-14227-8_7
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have found that apparent Ki values of some, but not all, carboxyalkyl-dipeptide inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme decrease as a function of incubation time. The most potent of the ACE inhibitors tested so far is RAC-X-65 (N-[1(S)-carboxy-3-carboxanilidiopropyl]-L-Ala-L-Pro). When RAC-X-65 is not preincuba...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-5143-6_57
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression of thymidine kinase--an enzyme of the DNA precursor pathway--is strictly regulated during the normal cellular cycle, but is much higher and permanently expressed in malignant growing cells. Using a new cytofluorometric assay for thymidine kinase in single cells, we were able to discriminate between norm...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While performing their functions, biological macromolecules often form large, dynamically changing macromolecular assemblies. Only a relatively small number of such assemblies have been accessible to the atomic-resolution techniques X-ray crystallography and NMR. Electron microscopy in conjunction with image reconstru...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-02970-2_6
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most chemical exposures involve complex mixtures. The role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and the Q192R polymorphism in the detoxication of individual organophosphorous (OP) compounds has been well-established. The extent to which PON1 protects against a given OP is determined by its catalytic efficiency. We used a humanized...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-60761-350-3_6
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abstract：:The role of fibrin in the generation of new blood vessels was examined in this study. Using a wound chamber model, we investigated the sequential interactions between endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix during angiogenesis. Silicone tubes 5 mm long and 1.4 mm in internal diameter were sutured to the cut end...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-3806-6_34
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rodent and clinical studies have documented that myeloid cell infiltration of tumors is associated with neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia and poor patient outcomes. This contrasts with lymphocyte infiltration of tumors, which is associated with improved outcomes. Lifestyle parameters such as high fat diet s and omega (ω)-...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_10
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The components of the kallikrein kinin system are present in brain, and blood pressure is increased when kinins are injected into the brain cerebral ventricles. Therefore, brain kinins may play a role in the regulation of blood pressure. Kinin analogs which are effective as blockers of the vasodilatory and musculotrop...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-9543-4_67
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An integrated left ventricular (LV) model is used to solve, simultaneously and interactively, the LV mechanics, the coronary blood flow and capillary and interstitial fluid and mass transport, and to analyze the LV behavior under normal as well as pathological conditions. Accounting for the interstitial fluid mass bal...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-2946-0_21
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From these liver perfusions with Hb and Hb/HbNFPLP solutions the following conclusions can be drawn: In spite of the chemical modification of the hemoglobin molecule, no rheological differences are seen. All parameters measured were sensitive to hypoxia induced by a decrease in perfusion flow rate. The NFPLP-induced d...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-3291-6_48
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychological therapies in order to provide cognitive enhancement have gained some momentum the last decades. The goal of this case study was to evaluate the effects of a cognitive enhancement training program on daily living activities, cognition, and depression in a demented elderly participant. A 6-month training p...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-57379-3_9
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_3
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_4
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-4394-3_74
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor growth is a highly complex, multistep process that involves tumor cell detachment, migration, invasion and metastasis accompanied by angiogenesis and extracellular matrix turn-over. Each of the steps is influenced by tumor cell interaction and interaction of the tumor cell with its microenvironment that consists...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4419-7913-1_9
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a cell signaling pathway essential for immune and muscle function controlled by dynamic interactions between Ca2+-sensing STIM proteins on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Ca2+-permeable ORAI channels on the plasma membrane (PM). STIM-ORAI interactions occur at membrane contact si...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_15
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Merkel disc is a main type of tactile end organs for sensing gentle touch and is essential for sophisticated sensory tasks including social interaction, environmental exploration, and tactile discrimination. Recent studies have shown that Merkel cells are primary sites of mechanotransduction using Piezo2 channels ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-1756-9_1
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To date, there is no definitive treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The realm of stem cells is very promising in regenerative medicine, particularly for neurodegenerative diseases. Various types of stem cells have been used in preclinical/clinical trials for AD aiming the development of an elusive disease modifyin...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/5584_2018_214
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anemia associated with malignancy is a common clinical problem, and has a negative effect on oxygen delivery and, therefore, response of tumors to radiotherapy. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to increase the hematocrit of rodents when administered subcutaneously. The objectives of this study were to measure tumor...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-1875-4_113
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Identification of thyroid stem cells in the past few years has made important contributions to our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce tissue regeneration and repair. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells have been used to establish reliable protocols to obtain mat...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_5
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies are universal binding molecules with a high specificity for their target and are indispensable tools in research, diagnostics and therapy. The biotechnological generation of monoclonal antibodies was enabled by the hybridoma technology published in 1975 by Köhler and Milstein. Today monoclonal an...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_2
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultraviolet blood irradiation (UBI) was extensively used in the 1940s and 1950s to treat many diseases including septicemia, pneumonia, tuberculosis, arthritis, asthma and even poliomyelitis. The early studies were carried out by several physicians in USA and published in the American Journal of Surgery. However with ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_25
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Economic and social burden of cardiovascular diseases remains enormous and even still rising. There is not enough mass evidence in scientific journals that could describe the course of the process of neoangiogenesis in relatively "healthy" heart after regular endurance exercise. Even though, in this review, we are sho...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_7
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism of viral RNA replication in mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-infected cells was studied by oligonucleotide mapping of every mRNA. We discovered that an oligonucleotide, No. 10, was localized at the 5'-end of every mRNA, and was not colinear with the sequences of the virion genomic RNA. This result indicates t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-9373-7_19
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are constantly exposed to hemodynamic forces in vivo, including flow shear stress and cyclic stretch caused by the blood flow. Numerous researches revealed that during various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vein graft,...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_4
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Taurine, an endogenous amino sulfonic acid, exhibits numerous neuropsychopharmacological activities. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that it is an effective anti-cataleptic and neuro-protective agent. Current investigations show that acute or chronic administration of psychotropic drug cocaine may increa...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_1
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The "silent epidemic" of Chlamydia trachomatis threatens to cause reproductive damage and infertility in many of the 50 million women who acquire it each year. Female reproductive tract infection has more recently been linked to stillbirth and premature delivery. Innate immune cells and mediators appear to be the prim...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-4726-9_8
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dipeptidyl peptidase IV is an activation marker on T, B and NK cells. Specific inhibitors of DP IV suppress DNA synthesis, as well as cytokine protein production. Here, we describe for the first time the quantitative changes of mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 and DP IV after inhibition of DP IV. Due to t...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/0-306-46826-3_15
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) was first discovered to be a sensor for photoavoidance in the flagellate Euglena gracilis. PAC is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the production of cAMP upon illumination with blue light, which enables us to optogenetically manipulate intracellular cAMP levels in various biological ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_7
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
