Abstract:
:The mechanism of viral RNA replication in mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-infected cells was studied by oligonucleotide mapping of every mRNA. We discovered that an oligonucleotide, No. 10, was localized at the 5'-end of every mRNA, and was not colinear with the sequences of the virion genomic RNA. This result indicates that all of the mRNAs contain a leader sequence which is joined to the body sequences of the mRNAs. We have also studied the structure of the replicative intermediate (RI) RNA in the MHV-infected cells. This RI RNA consists of a single species corresponding to the MHV genomic RNA. No subgenomic RI structures were detected. Furthermore, the nascent RNA chains in the RI structure contained the leader sequences, suggesting that the leader RNA was not added to the mRNA post- transcriptionally , but rather, it was probably synthesized independently and then used as a primer for the synthesis of mRNAs. We have also shown that the poly (A) sequences in the MHV genome were transcribed from the poly (U) sequences present in the negative-strand template. The RNA polymerases involved in the MHV RNA synthesis were also characterized. The early polymerase synthesizes a single negative-stranded, full-length RNA. The late polymerases could be separated into two activities, one synthesizing positive-stranded genomic RNA, and the other synthesizing genomic as well as subgenomic RNAs. Thus, the replication and transcription functions of MHV could probably be separated. A plausible model of MHV replication is presented.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Lai MM,Baric RS,Brayton PR,Stohlman SAdoi
10.1007/978-1-4615-9373-7_19subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-01-01 00:00:00pages
187-200eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
173pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Hematopoiesis is a complex and strongly regulated process. In case of regenerative pressure, efficient recovery of blood cell counts is crucial for survival of an individual. We propose a quantitative mathematical model of white blood cell formation based on the following cell parameters: (1) proliferation rate, (2) s...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_17
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The close anatomic juxtaposition of epithelial cells with lymphocytes lining the intestinal tract facilitates communication between the two cell types. This intercellular dialogue is important for mucosal development and has a conditioning effect on mucosal structure, function, and response to tissue injury. Lymphoepi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4143-1_1
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acid proteinase of granulomatous tissues in rats with carrageenin-induced inflammation released two types of kinin from T-kininogen. The kinin was identified as Ile-Ser-bradykinin (T-kinin) and a novel kinin, Met-Ile-Ser-bradykinin (Met-T-kinin), from determination of its amino acid composition and its immunoreactivit...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9546-5_17
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After an RNA is transcribed, it undergoes a variety of processing steps that can change the encoded protein sequence (through alternative splicing and RNA editing), regulate the stability of the RNA, and control subcellular localization, timing, and rate of translation. The recent explosion in genomics techniques has ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29073-7_1
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of adjuvanticity in the modification of the immune induction was studied by separate application of antigen and adjuvant in mice. An antigen specific plaque forming cell (PFC) test and a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay were used for these studies. Antigen (SRBC) and adjuvant were applied separately ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2463-8_57
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcopenia is recognized as a major health problem among older adults. This syndrome is associated with serious health consequences in terms of frailty, disability, morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to review sarcopenia and its impact on quality of life (QoL). MEDLINE database was searched from January...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57379-3_19
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sprouting has been studied extensively using morphological markers, but relatively little is known regarding the molecular and biochemical events which underlie the sprouting response. Moreover, due to the lack of suitable markers, it has been difficult to examine changes in the major hippocampal pathways in animal le...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5769-8_47
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen deprivation following cessation of blood flow to vital organs such as brain, heart, and kidney is a ubiquitous human disease, invariably leading to devastating consequences. Studies in experimental models support the contention that membrane permeability is altered, ion fluxes impaired, and energy stores deplet...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3426-6_28
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria have long been known to be critical for cell survival due to their role in energy metabolism. However, not until the mid-1990s did it become evident that mitochondria are also active participants in programmed cell death (PCD). This chapter focuses mainly on the role the mitochondria in mammalian cell dea...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_3
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several major cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure (HF) and atherosclerosis (AS), have been linked to autophagy dysfunction. The influence of autophagy on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases has two sides. Generally, the induction of autophagy at a low level can provide energy and nutri...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_55
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the exponential growth of aging population worldwide, neurodegenerative diseases became a major public health concern. Among them, Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevails as the most common in the elderly, rendering it a research priority. After several decades considering the brain as an insulin-insensitive organ, r...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3540-2_9
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the expression of atrial myosin light chain 1 (ALC-1) and myosin cycling kinetics in the normal and hypertrophied right ventricle of the neonatal porcine heart. Right ventricular hypertrophy was induced by exposing piglets immediately after birth to hypobaric hypoxia for 3 days. Control piglets were ke...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6039-1_53
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of secretory IgA was followed in saliva of 263 children from birth to age 5, and in cross sectional studies of Australian school children and Papua New Guinea highland children from birth to age 5. Salivary IgA first appeared after the first week of life, peaking at 6 weeks, and falling again at 12 wee...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3838-7_9
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a key anabolic growth factor stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling which is well known for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, the role of IGF-1 in muscle atrophy is less clear. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms via which IGF-1 signa...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_6
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on gel strength, microbial numbers, proteolytic activity, color and pH of Pacific whiting surimi gels were investigated. Strong gels without the use of protease inhibitors were formed with HHP treatments from 1-4 kBars. Gel strength was not affected by holding time. Total...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1925-0_6
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to determine the degree of mechanochemical coupling in actomyosin in vitro motility assays, it is desirable to measure the sliding velocity and the associated ATP turnover simultaneously at the single filament level. Actin sliding over tracks of immobilised heavy meromyosin (HMM) has been initiated by flash p...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6039-1_3
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful tool to edit the genome. Among many applications, the system generates the exciting possibility of engineering small and large portions of chromosomes to induce a variety of structural alterations such as deletions, inversions, insertions and inter-chromosomal transloca...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_4
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocyte differentiation from haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a multi-step process in which lineage fate choices are made at crucial branch points. Plasticity of common precursors is evidenced by presence of transcriptionally favourable chromatin structures at several lineage-specific loci, making them poised fo...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8216-2_3
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initial attempts to model urinary folate reabsorption using cultures of HPT cells on porous filter inserts produced disappointing results in that large amounts of 5M were transported across the epithelial monolayer in a nonspecific manner. Since the impermeable molecule inulin was also transported, there apparently ex...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2960-6_155
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zebrafish are increasingly being used to study cancer. Almost all tumor types have been found in zebrafish. However, tumor incidence is relatively low and tumors develop late in life. Functional inactivation of tumor suppressors is a crucial step in cancer progression and more and more tumor suppressor genes are being...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_4
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telocyte, different to fibroblast and dendritic cell, is a novel type of interstitial cell, whose key features are their smaller cell body with very long prolongations of uneven caliber, termed telopodes. The telocytes have been continuously discovered to be present in many tissues and organs. Whether telocytes exist ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_24
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heparan sulphate (HS) is a linear glycosaminoglycan found ubiquitously on the surface and in the pericellular matrix of metazoan cells that is covalently attached to core proteins to form HS proteoglycans. HS interacts specifically with a large number (> 100) of extracellular regulatory proteins, many of which are key...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/0-306-46832-8_7
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the structure and function of muscle fibers in which tropomyosin stoichiometry has been reduced by genetic mutation. We used a Drosophila melanogaster flightless mutant Ifm(3)3 and a genetic cross of this mutant with wild type flies to achieve a gradation of tropomyosin gene dosage. We measured the fli...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2872-2_15
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The view that the cerebral endothelial cells represent the cellular analogue of the blood brain barrier has been generally accepted. The regulation of transport processes operating in the cerebral endothelial cells is of great current interest. Different elements of the intracellular signaling messenger systems have b...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2920-0_25
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer cell heterogeneity is a universal feature of human tumors and represents a significant barrier to the efficacy and duration of anticancer therapies, especially targeted therapeutics. Among the heterogeneous cancer cell populations is a subpopulation of relatively quiescent cancer cells, which are in the G0/G1 c...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_15
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants serve as important keystone, umbrella and flagship species. Despite that, population numbers are declining, due mainly to poaching and habitat destruction. Understanding reproductive mechanisms is vital to effective management, particularly insurance p...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_9
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circular RNAs characterize a class of widespread and diverse endogenous RNAs which are non-coding RNAs that are made by back-splicing events and have covalently closed loops with no polyadenylated tails. Various indications specify that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are plentiful in the human transcriptome. However, their ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_8
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies against thyroid microsomal antigen (thyroid peroxidase, TMA/TPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured from 115 patients with vasculitic disorders and 144 patients with suspected thyroid disorders. Nineteen patients, three with vasculitis and 16 with thyroid disorders, were shown to have both TPO and MPO ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9182-2_12
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The absolute weight of the rat's kidney increases from 3 weeks to 3 months and from 3 months to 12 months. The relative weight decreases. The number of cells freed from the kidney by trypsinization increases. (2) After nephrectomy, the kidney weight increases in all age groups. The increase is mery high in the younges...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0731-1_24
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this report is to propose a new methodology to treat prostate cancer with macro-rod-shaped gold seeds irradiated with ultrasound and develop a new computational method for temperature and thermal dose control of hyperthermia therapy induced by the proposed procedure. A computer code representation, based on...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09012-2_8
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00