Abstract:
:The Southern Ocean ecosystem is undergoing rapid physical and biological changes that are likely to have profound implications for higher-order predators. Here, we compare the long-term, historical responses of Southern Ocean predators to climate change. We examine palaeoecological evidence for changes in the abundance and distribution of seabirds and marine mammals, and place these into context with palaeoclimate records in order to identify key environmental drivers associated with population changes. Our synthesis revealed two key factors underlying Southern Ocean predator population changes; (i) the availability of ice-free ground for breeding and (ii) access to productive foraging grounds. The processes of glaciation and sea ice fluctuation were key; the distributions and abundances of elephant seals, snow petrels, gentoo, chinstrap and Adélie penguins all responded strongly to the emergence of new breeding habitat coincident with deglaciation and reductions in sea ice. Access to productive foraging grounds was another limiting factor, with snow petrels, king and emperor penguins all affected by reduced prey availability in the past. Several species were isolated in glacial refugia and there is evidence that refuge populations were supported by polynyas. While the underlying drivers of population change were similar across most Southern Ocean predators, the individual responses of species to environmental change varied because of species specific factors such as dispersal ability and environmental sensitivity. Such interspecific differences are likely to affect the future climate change responses of Southern Ocean marine predators and should be considered in conservation plans. Comparative palaeoecological studies are a valuable source of long-term data on species' responses to environmental change that can provide important insights into future climate change responses. This synthesis highlights the importance of protecting productive foraging grounds proximate to breeding locations, as well as the potential role of polynyas as future Southern Ocean refugia.
journal_name
Glob Chang Bioljournal_title
Global change biologyauthors
Younger JL,Emmerson LM,Miller KJdoi
10.1111/gcb.13104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
474-93issue
2eissn
1354-1013issn
1365-2486journal_volume
22pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract::Biological invasions are one of the biggest threats to global biodiversity. Marine artificial structures are proliferating worldwide and provide a haven for marine invasive species. Such structures disrupt local hydrodynamics, which can lead to the formation of oxygen-depleted microsites. The extent to which native fa...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13668
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global change is affecting terrestrial carbon (C) balances. The effect of climate on ecosystem C balance has been largely explored, but the roles of other concurrently changing factors, such as diversity and nutrient availability, remain elusive. We used eddy-covariance C-flux measurements from 62 ecosystems from whic...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15385
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil moisture constrains the activity of decomposer soil microorganisms, and in turn the rate at which soil carbon returns to the atmosphere. While increases in soil moisture are generally associated with increased microbial activity, historical climate may constrain current microbial responses to moisture. However, i...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13219
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unprecedented rates of climate warming over the past century have resulted in increased forest stress and mortality worldwide. Decreased tree growth in association with increasing temperatures is generally accepted as a signal of temperature-induced drought stress. However, variations in tree growth alone do not revea...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12893
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fresh carbon input (above and belowground) contributes to soil carbon sequestration, but also accelerates decomposition of soil organic matter through biological priming mechanisms. Currently, poor understanding precludes the incorporation of these priming mechanisms into the global carbon models used for future proje...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14069
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under climate change, the reduction of frost risk, onset of warm temperatures and depletion of soil moisture are all likely to occur earlier in the year in many temperate regions. The resilience of tree species will depend on their ability to track these changes in climate with shifts in phenology that lead to earlier...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13328
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::How ocean acidification affects marine life is a major concern for science and society. However, its impacts on encrusting biofouling communities, that are both the initial colonizers of hard substrata and of great economic importance, are almost unknown. We showed that community composition changed significantly, fro...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12841
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Geographic range size is the manifestation of complex interactions between intrinsic species traits and extrinsic environmental conditions. It is also a fundamental ecological attribute of species and a key extinction risk correlate. Past research has primarily focused on the role of biological and environmental predi...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12834
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many migrant bird species that breed in the Northern Hemisphere show advancement in spring arrival dates. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is one of the climatic variables that have been most often investigated and shown to be correlated with these changes in spring arrival. Although the NAO is often claimed...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14023
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treeline responses to environmental changes describe an important phenomenon in global change research. Often conflicting results and generally too short observations are, however, still challenging our understanding of climate-induced treeline dynamics. Here, we use a state-of-the-art dendroecological approach to rec...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13963
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Light in the marine environment is a key environmental variable coupling physics to marine biogeochemistry and ecology. Weak light penetration reduces light available for photosynthesis, changing energy fluxes through the marine food web. Based on published and unpublished data, this study shows that the central and s...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12854
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple anthropogenic drivers are changing ecosystems globally, with a disproportionate and intensifying impact on freshwater habitats. A major impact of urbanization are inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Initially designed to reduce eutrophication and improve water quality, WWTPs increasingly release ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15302
更新日期:2020-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) is an important metric of ecosystem functioning; however, there are little empirical data on the NPP of human-modified ecosystems, particularly smallholder, perennial crops like cocoa (Theobroma cacao), which are extensive across the tropics. Human-appropriated NPP (HANPP) is...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14661
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arctic warming is resulting in reduced snow cover and increased shrub growth, both of which have been associated with altered land surface-atmospheric feedback processes involving sensible heat flux, ground heat flux and biogeochemical cycling. Using field measurements, we show that two common Arctic shrub species (Be...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13297
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil carbon transformation and sequestration have received significant interest in recent years due to a growing need for quantitating its role in mitigating climate change. Even though our understanding of the nature of soil organic matter has recently been substantially revised, fundamental uncertainty remains about...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14781
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terrestrial ecosystems contribute most of the interannual variability (IAV) in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentrations, but processes driving the IAV of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) remain elusive. For a predictive understanding of the global C cycle, it is imperative to identify indicators associated wit...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14731
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenological events, such as bud burst, are strongly linked to ecosystem processes in temperate deciduous forests. However, the exact nature and magnitude of how seasonal and interannual variation in air temperatures influence phenology is poorly understood, and model-based phenology representations fail to capture lo...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13122
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some recent modelling papers projecting smaller fish sizes and catches in a warmer future are based on erroneous assumptions regarding (i) the scaling of gills with body mass and (ii) the energetic cost of 'maintenance'. Assumption (i) posits that insurmountable geometric constraints prevent respiratory surface areas ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13652
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of climate change on dispersal processes is largely ignored in risk assessments for crop diseases, as inoculum is generally assumed to be ubiquitous and nonlimiting. We suggest that consideration of the impact of climate change on the connectivity of crops for inoculum transmission may provide additional ex...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13368
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although only representing 0.05% of global freshwater, or 0.001% of all global water, soil water supports all terrestrial biological life. Soil moisture behaviour in most models is constrained by hydraulic parameters that do not change. Here we argue that biological feedbacks from plants, macro-fauna and the microbiom...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14626
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To realistically simulate climate feedbacks from the land surface to the atmosphere, models must replicate the responses of plants to environmental changes. Several processes, operating at various scales, cause the responses of photosynthesis and plant respiration to temperature and CO2 to change over time of exposure...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02797.x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eddy covariance (EC) technique is used to measure the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 between ecosystems and the atmosphere, offering a unique opportunity to study ecosystem responses to climate change. NEE is the difference between the total CO2 release due to all respiration processes (RECO), and the gross c...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15203
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change is expected to cause geographic shifts in tree species' ranges, but such shifts may not keep pace with climate changes because seed dispersal distances are often limited and competition-induced changes in community composition can be relatively slow. Disturbances may speed changes in community compositi...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13847
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change is projected to push the limits of cropping systems and has the potential to disrupt the agricultural sector from local to global scales. This article introduces the Coordinated Climate-Crop Modeling Project (C3MP), an initiative of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12412
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ocean acidification is expected to decrease calcification rates of bivalves. Nevertheless, in many coastal areas high pCO2 variability is encountered already today. Kiel Fjord (Western Baltic Sea) is a brackish (12-20 g kg(-1) ) and CO2 enriched habitat, but the blue mussel Mytilus edulis dominates the benthic communi...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12109
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A global warming-induced transition from glacial to periglacial processes has been identified in mountainous regions around the world. Degrading permafrost in pristine periglacial environments can produce acid rock drainage (ARD) and cause severe ecological damage in areas underlain by sulfide-bearing bedrock. Limnolo...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13985
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global increase in drought occurrences threatens the stability of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. Evergreen broadleaf forests (EBFs) keep leaves throughout the year, and therefore could experience higher drought risks than other biomes. However, the recent temporal variability of global vegetation productivity or l...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14748
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase plant productivity and affect soil microbial communities, with possible consequences for the turnover rate of soil carbon (C) pools and feedbacks to the atmosphere. In a previous analysis (Van Groenigen et al., 2014), we used experimental data to inform a one-pool model...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13074
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive alien plant species threaten native biodiversity, disrupt ecosystem functions and can cause large economic damage. Plant invasions have been predicted to further increase under ongoing global environmental change. Numerous case studies have compared the performance of invasive and native plant species in resp...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/gcb.13579
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydraulic impairment due to xylem embolism and carbon starvation are the two proposed mechanisms explaining drought-induced forest dieback and tree death. Here, we evaluate the relative role played by these two mechanisms in the long-term by quantifying wood-anatomical traits (tracheid size and area of parenchyma rays...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13227
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00