Abstract:
:How ocean acidification affects marine life is a major concern for science and society. However, its impacts on encrusting biofouling communities, that are both the initial colonizers of hard substrata and of great economic importance, are almost unknown. We showed that community composition changed significantly, from 92% spirorbids, 3% ascidians and 4% sponges initially to 47% spirorbids, 23% ascidians and 29% sponges after 100 days in acidified conditions (pH 7.7). In low pH, numbers of the spirorbid Neodexiospira pseudocorrugata were reduced ×5 compared to controls. The two ascidians present behaved differently with Aplidium sp. decreasing ×10 in pH 7.7, whereas Molgula sp. numbers were ×4 higher in low pH than controls. Calcareous sponge (Leucosolenia sp.) numbers increased ×2.5 in pH 7.7 over controls. The diatom and filamentous algal community was also more poorly developed in the low pH treatments compared to controls. Colonization of new surfaces likewise showed large decreases in spirorbid numbers, but numbers of sponges and Molgula sp. increased. Spirorbid losses appeared due to both recruitment failure and loss of existing tubes. Spirorbid tubes are comprised of a loose prismatic fabric of calcite crystals. Loss of tube materials appeared due to changes in the binding matrix and not crystal dissolution, as SEM analyses showed crystal surfaces were not pitted or dissolved in low pH conditions. Biofouling communities face dramatic future changes with reductions in groups with hard exposed exoskeletons and domination by soft-bodied ascidians and sponges.
journal_name
Glob Chang Bioljournal_title
Global change biologyauthors
Peck LS,Clark MS,Power D,Reis J,Batista FM,Harper EMdoi
10.1111/gcb.12841subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-05-01 00:00:00pages
1907-13issue
5eissn
1354-1013issn
1365-2486journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Nitrogen (N) deposition (NDEP ) drives forest carbon (C) sequestration but the size of this effect is still uncertain. In the field, an estimate of these effects can be obtained by applying mineral N fertilizers over the soil or forest canopy. A 15 N label in the fertilizer can be then used to trace the movement of th...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13450
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shifts of distributions have been attributed to species tracking their fundamental climate niches through space. However, several studies have now demonstrated that niche tracking is imperfect, that species' climate niches may vary with population trends, and that geographic distributions may lag behind rapid climate ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13478
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wetlands are the largest source of methane (CH4 ) globally, yet our understanding of how process-level controls scale to ecosystem fluxes remains limited. It is particularly uncertain how variable soil properties influence ecosystem CH4 emissions on annual time scales. We measured ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and C...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14124
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lignin is an aromatic plant compound that decomposes more slowly than other organic matter compounds; however, it was recently shown that lignin could decompose as fast as litter bulk carbon in minerals soils. In alpine Histosols, where organic matter dynamics is largely unaffected by mineral constituents, lignin may ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12497
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) drives the carbon (C) sink-source strength of northern peatlands. Since NEE represents a balance between various production and respiration fluxes, accurate predictions of its response to global changes require an in depth understanding of these underlying processes. Currently, how...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14292
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive alien plant species threaten native biodiversity, disrupt ecosystem functions and can cause large economic damage. Plant invasions have been predicted to further increase under ongoing global environmental change. Numerous case studies have compared the performance of invasive and native plant species in resp...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/gcb.13579
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increases in the emissions and associated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) have the potential to cause significant changes to the structure and function of N-limited ecosystems. Here, we present the results of a long-term (13 year) experiment assessing the impacts of N addition (30 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) ) on a UK lo...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02732.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high rates of future climatic changes, compared with the rates reported for past changes, may hamper species adaptation to new climates or the tracking of suitable conditions, resulting in significant loss of genetic diversity. Trees are dominant species in many biomes and because they are long-lived, they may not...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13685
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant community composition and functional traits respond to chronic drivers such as climate change and nitrogen (N) deposition. In contrast, pulse disturbances from ecosystem management can additionally change resources and conditions. Community responses to combined environmental changes may further depend on land-u...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14955
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urban heat island effect, where urban areas exhibit higher temperatures than less-developed suburban and natural habitats, occurs in cities across the globe and is well understood from a physical perspective and at broad spatial scales. However, very little is known about how thermal variation caused by urbanizati...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14509
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tree populations usually show adaptations to their local environments as a result of natural selection. As climates change, populations can become locally maladapted and decline in fitness. Evaluating the expected degree of genetic maladaptation due to climate change will allow forest managers to assess forest vulnera...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13802
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change and land-use change are two major drivers of biome shifts causing habitat and biodiversity loss. What is missing is a continental-scale future projection of the estimated relative impacts of both drivers on biome shifts over the course of this century. Here, we provide such a projection for the biodiver...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13355
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rising trend in concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3 ) - a common air pollutant and phytotoxin - currently being experienced in some world regions represents a threat to agricultural yield. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an O3 -sensitive crop species and is experiencing increasing global demand as a dieta...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13318
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Warming, nutrient enrichment and biodiversity modification are among the most pervasive components of human-induced global environmental change. We know little about their cumulative effects on ecosystems; however, even though this knowledge is fundamental to predicting and managing their consequences in a changing wo...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14456
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global biodiversity is under high and rising anthropogenic pressure. Yet, how the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional facets of biodiversity are affected by different threats over time is unclear. This is particularly true for the two main drivers of the current biodiversity crisis: habitat destruction and overexp...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15418
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current knowledge of phenological shifts in Palearctic bird migration is largely based on data collected on migrants at their breeding grounds; little is known about the phenology of these birds at their nonbreeding grounds, and even less about that of intra-African migrants. Because climate change patterns are not un...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12857
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thicker snowpacks and their insulation effects cause winter-warming and invoke thaw of permafrost ecosystems. Temperature-dependent decomposition of previously frozen carbon (C) is currently considered one of the strongest feedbacks between the Arctic and the climate system, but the direction and magnitude of the net ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15283
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acclimation capacity of leading edge tree populations is crucially important in a warming climate. Theoretical considerations suggest that adaptation through genetic change is needed, but this may be a slow process. Both positive and catastrophic outcomes have been predicted, while empirical studies have lagged be...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13956
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urbanization is one of the most extreme forms of environmental alteration, posing a major threat to biodiversity. We studied the effects of urbanization on avian communities via a systematic review using hierarchical and categorical meta-analyses. Altogether, we found 42 observations from 37 case studies for species r...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/gcb.13964
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autumn phenology plays a critical role in regulating climate-biosphere interactions. However, the climatic drivers of autumn phenology remain unclear. In this study, we applied four methods to estimate the date of the end of the growing season (EOS) across China's temperate biomes based on a 30-year normalized differe...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13081
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Earth System Models project that global climate change will reduce ocean net primary production (NPP), upper trophic level biota biomass and potential fisheries catches in the future, especially in the eastern equatorial Pacific. However, projections from Earth System Models are undermined by poorly constrained assump...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15316
更新日期:2020-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are placing spatially divergent stresses on the world's tropical coral reefs through increasing ocean surface temperatures and ocean acidification. We show how these two stressors combine to alter the global habitat suitability for shallow coral reef ecosystems, using statistical ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12335
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both elevated ozone (O(3)) and limiting soil nitrogen (N) availability negatively affect crop performance. However, less is known about how the combination of elevated O(3) and limiting N affect crop growth and metabolism. In this study, we grew tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) in ambient and elevated O(3) at two N leve...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12237
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, there have been several studies using open top chambers (OTCs) or cloches to examine the response of Arctic plant communities to artificially elevated temperatures. Few, however, have investigated multitrophic systems, or the effects of both temperature and vertebrate grazing treatments on invertebrates. Thi...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12284
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The snow-masking effect of vegetation exerts strong control on albedo in northern high latitude ecosystems. Large-scale changes in the distribution and stature of vegetation in this region will thus have important feedbacks to climate. The snow-albedo feedback is controlled largely by the contrast between snow-covered...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12391
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human and natural systems have adapted to and evolved within historical climatic conditions. Anthropogenic climate change has the potential to alter these conditions such that onset of unprecedented climatic extremes will outpace evolutionary and adaptive capabilities. To assess whether and when future climate extreme...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14329
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 is significantly altering ocean chemistry. A range of biological impacts resulting from this oceanic CO2 accumulation are emerging, however, the mechanisms responsible for observed differential susceptibility between organisms and across environmental settings remain obscure. A primar...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/gcb.14324
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has produced five Assessment Reports (ARs), in which agriculture as the production of food for humans via crops and livestock have featured in one form or another. A constructed database of the ca. 2,100 cited experiments and simulations in the five ARs ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/gcb.14700
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of genomic-, transcriptomic- and proteomic-based approaches has revolutionized our ability to describe marine microbial communities, including biogeography, metabolic potential and diversity, mechanisms of adaptation, and phylogeny and evolutionary history. New interdisciplinary approaches are needed to mov...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/gcb.12983
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of climate change on crop yields has become widely measured; however, the linkages for winter wheat are less studied due to dramatic weather changes during the long growing season that are difficult to model. Recent research suggests significant reductions under warming. A potential adaptation strategy invo...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13163
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00