Abstract:
:To realistically simulate climate feedbacks from the land surface to the atmosphere, models must replicate the responses of plants to environmental changes. Several processes, operating at various scales, cause the responses of photosynthesis and plant respiration to temperature and CO2 to change over time of exposure to new or changing environmental conditions. Here, we review the latest empirical evidence that short-term responses of plant carbon exchange rates to temperature and CO2 are modified by plant photosynthetic and respiratory acclimation as well as biogeochemical feedbacks. We assess the frequency with which these responses have been incorporated into vegetation models, and highlight recently designed algorithms that can facilitate their incorporation. Few models currently include representations of the long-term plant responses that have been recorded by empirical studies, likely because these responses are still poorly understood at scales relevant for models. Studies show that, at a regional scale, simulated carbon flux between the atmosphere and vegetation can dramatically differ between versions of models that do and do not include acclimation. However, the realism of these results is difficult to evaluate, as algorithm development is still in an early stage, and a limited number of data are available. We provide a series of recommendations that suggest how a combination of empirical and modeling studies can produce mechanistic algorithms that will realistically simulate longer term responses within global-scale models.
journal_name
Glob Chang Bioljournal_title
Global change biologyauthors
Smith NG,Dukes JSdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02797.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
45-63issue
1eissn
1354-1013issn
1365-2486journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The eddy covariance (EC) technique is used to measure the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 between ecosystems and the atmosphere, offering a unique opportunity to study ecosystem responses to climate change. NEE is the difference between the total CO2 release due to all respiration processes (RECO), and the gross c...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15203
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both elevated ozone (O(3)) and limiting soil nitrogen (N) availability negatively affect crop performance. However, less is known about how the combination of elevated O(3) and limiting N affect crop growth and metabolism. In this study, we grew tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) in ambient and elevated O(3) at two N leve...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12237
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Output from an earth system model is paired with a size-based food web model to investigate the effects of climate change on the abundance of large fish over the 21st century. The earth system model, forced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special report on emission scenario A2, combines a coupl...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12076
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observed ecological responses to climate change are highly individualistic across species and locations, and understanding the drivers of this variability is essential for management and conservation efforts. While it is clear that differences in exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity all contribute to heterogen...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15008
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have documented changes in animal body sizes over the last century, but very little is known about changes in plant sizes, even though reduced plant productivity is potentially responsible for declines in size of other organisms. Here, I ask whether warming trends in the Great Basin have affected plant size by...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12208
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological invasions are one of the biggest threats to global biodiversity. Marine artificial structures are proliferating worldwide and provide a haven for marine invasive species. Such structures disrupt local hydrodynamics, which can lead to the formation of oxygen-depleted microsites. The extent to which native fa...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13668
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive alien plant species threaten native biodiversity, disrupt ecosystem functions and can cause large economic damage. Plant invasions have been predicted to further increase under ongoing global environmental change. Numerous case studies have compared the performance of invasive and native plant species in resp...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/gcb.13579
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant water-use efficiency (WUE, the carbon gained through photosynthesis per unit of water lost through transpiration) is a tracer of the plant physiological controls on the exchange of water and carbon dioxide between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. At the leaf level, rising CO2 concentrations tend to inc...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/gcb.14634
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem CO2 efflux (ES) plays an important role in the carbon balance of forest ecosystems. However, its primary controls at the global scale are poorly understood and observation-based global estimates are lacking. We synthesized data from 121 published studies across global forest ecosystems and examined the relationsh...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13188
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::White light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are rapidly replacing conventional outdoor lighting technologies around the world. Despite rising concerns over their impact on the environment and human health, the flexibility of LEDs has been advocated as a means of mitigating the ecological impacts of globally widespread outdoor ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13615
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Broadacre livestock production is a major but highly diverse component of agriculture in Australia that will be significantly exposed to predicted changes in climate over coming decades. We used the GRAZPLAN simulation models to assess the impacts of climate change under the SRES A2 scenario across southern Australia....
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12150
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is a key crop in many tropical countries and globally provides an export value of over US$13 billion per year. Wild Arabica coffee is of fundamental importance for the global coffee sector and of direct importance within Ethiopia, as a source of harvestable income and planting stock. Pu...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14341
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between the timing of recurrent biological events and seasonal climatic patterns (i.e., phenology) is a crucial ecological process. Changes in phenology are increasingly linked to global climate change. However, current evidence of phenological responses to recent climate change is subjected to substa...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14423
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urban heat island effect, where urban areas exhibit higher temperatures than less-developed suburban and natural habitats, occurs in cities across the globe and is well understood from a physical perspective and at broad spatial scales. However, very little is known about how thermal variation caused by urbanizati...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14509
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forested catchments provide critically important water resources. Due to dramatic global forest change over the past decades, the importance of including forest or vegetation change in the assessment of water resources under climate change has been highly recognized by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC);...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13983
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax ) is an essential leaf trait determining the photosynthetic capacity of plants. Existing approaches for estimating Vcmax at large scale mainly rely on empirical relationships with proxies such as leaf nitrogen/chlorophyll content or hyperspectral reflectance, or on complicated ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15276
更新日期:2020-07-12 00:00:00
abstract::In recent decades, the final frost dates of winter have advanced throughout North America, and many angiosperm taxa have simultaneously advanced their flowering times as the climate has warmed. Phenological advancement may reduce plant fitness, as flowering prior to the final frost date of the winter/spring transition...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15380
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil ) is the largest source of carbon from forests and reflects primary productivity as well as how carbon is allocated within forest ecosystems. Through early stages of stand development, both elevated [CO2] and availability of soil nitrogen (N; sum of mineralization, deposition, and fixation) have...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12414
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing the effect of global warming on forest growth requires a better understanding of species-specific responses to climate change conditions. Norway spruce and European beech are among the dominant tree species in Europe and are largely used by the timber industry. Their sensitivity to changes in climate and ext...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13973
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthropogenic activities such as land-use change, pollution and fishing impact the trophic structure of coral reef fishes, which can influence ecosystem health and function. Although these impacts may be ubiquitous, they are not consistent across the tropical Pacific Ocean. Using an extensive database of fish biomass ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13882
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rodents damaging alfalfa crops typically destined for export to booming Eastern markets often cause economical losses to farmers, but management interventions attempting to control rodents (i.e., use of rodenticides) are themselves damaging to biodiversity. These damages resonate beyond dairy feed producing regions th...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/gcb.14170
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accounting for water stress-induced tree mortality in forest productivity models remains a challenge due to uncertainty in stress tolerance of tree populations. In this study, logistic regression models were developed to assess species-specific relationships between probability of mortality (Pm ) and drought, drawing ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13428
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil CO2 concentrations and emissions from tropical forests are modulated seasonally by precipitation. However, subseasonal responses to meteorological events (e.g., storms, drought) are less well known. Here, we present the effects of meteorological variability on short-term (hours to months) dynamics of soil CO2 con...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15194
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changing climates are altering wildlife habitats and wildlife behavior in complex ways. Here, we examine how changing spring snow cover dynamics and early season forage availability are altering grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) behavior postden emergence. Telemetry data were used to identify spring activity dates for 48 in...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.15295
更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::Most tree roots on Earth form a symbiosis with either ecto- or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nitrogen fertilization is hypothesized to favor arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species at the expense of ectomycorrhizal species due to differences in fungal nitrogen acquisition strategies, and this may alter soil carbon balance...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.14368
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Global climate warming is predicted to hasten the onset of spring breeding by anuran amphibians in seasonal environments. Previous data had indicated that the breeding phenology of a population of Fowler's Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) at their northern range limit had been progressively later in spring, contrary to genera...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13390
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A global warming-induced transition from glacial to periglacial processes has been identified in mountainous regions around the world. Degrading permafrost in pristine periglacial environments can produce acid rock drainage (ARD) and cause severe ecological damage in areas underlain by sulfide-bearing bedrock. Limnolo...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.13985
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecosystem models play a crucial role in understanding and evaluating the combined impacts of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and changing climate on terrestrial ecosystems. However, we are not aware of any studies where the capacity of models to simulate intra- and inter-annual variation in responses to elevated ...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12358
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil carbon cycling processes potentially play a large role in biotic feedbacks to climate change, but little agreement exists at present on what the core of numerical soil C cycling models should look like. In contrast, most canopy models of photosynthesis and leaf gas exchange share a common 'Farquhaur-model' core s...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12718
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite decades of work on climate change biology, the scientific community remains uncertain about where and when most species distributions will respond to altered climates. A major barrier is the spatial mismatch between the size of organisms and the scale at which climate data are collected and modeled. Using a me...
journal_title:Global change biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/gcb.12257
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00