Abstract：
:Diclofenac (DCF) is the most widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the world and it has been detected in drinking and surface waters. In this paper, the effect of chlorination process on DCF in aqueous solutions was investigated and the structures of 14 isolated degradation by-products (DPs), of which nine are new, have been determined from combining mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance data and justified by a proposed mechanism of formation beginning from the parent drug. Some degradation by-products show only one phenyl, others are dimers or trimers of the parental compound, which has undergone oxidative decarboxylation of the side chain and/or chlorination of this or one or both aromatic rings. Ecotoxicological bioassays evidenced the following sensitivities D. magna < R. subcapitata < A. fischeri. The isolated DPs (DP1-8, except for DP9) exhibited effects ≥ 50 % in the exposed microalgae and crustaceans showing toxicities mainly ranked from slight to acute.
journal_name
J Pharm Biomed Analjournal_title
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysisauthors
Luongo G,Guida M,Siciliano A,Libralato G,Saviano L,Amoresano A,Previtera L,Di Fabio G,Zarrelli Adoi
10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113762subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-02-05 00:00:00pages
113762eissn
0731-7085issn
1873-264Xpii
S0731-7085(20)31648-4journal_volume
194pub_type
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