Impact of birth parameters and early life growth patterns on retinal microvascular structure in children: The Generation R Study.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to examine the associations of birth outcomes and longitudinally measured fetal and infant growth patterns with retinal vessel calibers in childhood. METHODS:In a population-based prospective cohort study among 4122 children, we measured growth characteristics in second and third trimester of pregnancy, at birth, and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 months. At the age of 6 years, we measured retinal arteriolar and venular calibers from digitized retinal photographs. RESULTS:We observed that compared with term-born children, those born preterm had narrower retinal arteriolar caliber [differences -0.46 standard deviation score (95% confidence interval -0.77 to -0.15) and -0.24 standard deviation score (95% confidence interval -0.42 to -0.05) for children born <34 and 34-37 weeks of gestation, respectively]. Children born with a low birth weight (<2500  g) had narrower retinal arteriolar caliber than children with a normal birth weight, but this association was fully explained by gestational age at birth. Accelerated infant growth until 24 months was associated with narrow retinal arteriolar caliber, especially among preterm-born children (P < 0.05). Early growth measures were not associated with retinal venular caliber. CONCLUSION:Preterm birth and accelerated infant growth are associated with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber in childhood. Whether these microvascular adaptations explain the well known associations of fetal and infant characteristics with cardiovascular disease in later life should be further studied.

journal_name

J Hypertens

journal_title

Journal of hypertension

authors

Gishti O,Jaddoe VW,Duijts L,Steegers E,Reiss I,Hofman A,Wong TY,Ikram MK,Gaillard R

doi

10.1097/HJH.0000000000000561

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-07-01 00:00:00

pages

1429-37

issue

7

eissn

0263-6352

issn

1473-5598

journal_volume

33

pub_type

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