Abstract:
:Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been practiced for over a century, further study into methods for reviving victims of cardiac arrest is obviously needed. We now know that standard external CPR has numerous drawbacks, and modifications must be tested in a careful, randomized fashion. Three alternatives to standard external CPR (simultaneous compression-ventilation, interposed abdominal compression, and open-chest CPR) are currently being investigated. Of these procedures, open-chest CPR appears to show the most promise. Reproducible animal data must demonstrate the advantages of any method before widespread human studies are begun, however. If techniques seem promising in animals, well-controlled multicenter studies will be needed to verify applicability to humans. Major changes in CPR techniques should be made only after careful study, not on the basis of a limited number of reports from a single source. Resuscitation research must also extend beyond the study of techniques of cardiac massage. Although CPR is effective in some cases, clearly a person's chance of survival is directly linked to the speed of definitive care, that is, defibrillation. Research must continue into ways of providing rapid advanced cardiac care, such as home defibrillators or rapid prehospital response to the victims of cardiac arrest by those trained in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). In addition, to counteract the problem of neurologic demise after prolonged anoxia, study of postresuscitative care must continue. Only through the combination of these measures will survival rates after cardiac arrest improve.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Rosenthal REdoi
10.1080/00325481.1987.11699729subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-02-15 00:00:00pages
90-2, 101-3issue
3eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
81pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Type 2 diabetes, which is increasing in prevalence, is a multifaceted disease that presents a challenge to the primary care physician. In this article, Drs Flemmer and Vinik review the significant findings of several important clinical trials and present a method of comprehensive staged management to improve the quali...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2000.5.1.1064
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The important causes of hypoglycemia unrelated to known diabetes are relatively few. Postprandial hypoglycemia is a relatively benign disorder. Fasting hypoglycemia is more serious and may be caused by metabolic disturbances or tumors. Several hereditary disorders cause hypoglycemia in infants and must be diagnosed an...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11716369
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with atomoxetine were examined for time-to-onset and -resolution of common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and male sexual dysfunction, and for changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) upon atomoxetine discontinuation. METHODS:...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1083394
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chronic pain syndrome differs from chronic pain. The syndrome is a psychologic stress state that can produce physical-type illness, often with musculoskeletal manifestations. It tends to strike the "worried well," by nature hysterical, depressed, hypochondriacal, and dependent. Standard medical, surgical, and psyc...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715917
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hair analysis has important uses in screening for metal intoxication and exposure to environmental pollutants, as well as applications in forensic medicine. In addition, hair analysis has been hailed as the new "in" tool for diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies and chronic diseases, but data to support these applicat...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1982.11716248
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the major cardiovascular health issue in contemporary clinical practice. Treatment options for multivessel CAD include medical therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Here, the authors review the most recent data that compare ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2005.12.1670
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Even modest alcohol ingestion can increase the risk of steatosis, and long-term, excessive consumption can lead to alcoholic hepatitis and eventually cirrhosis. Most patients with clinically significant alcoholic liver disease have histologic findings typical of all three conditions. The only clearly beneficial treatm...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1998.04.462
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal problem in diabetes, and its prevalence has been underestimated. The cause of diabetic diarrhea is unknown, but it is probably related to gastrointestinal motility disturbances secondary to diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Other causes (especially primary malabsorption syndromes and...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701372
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prompt, thorough evaluation is needed when patients present with symptoms of renal colic, acute urinary retention, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, and other urologic emergencies. Primary care physicians have an important role in initial workup and treatment. Once the diagnosis is determined, urologic consultation may be ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1996.10.100
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen therapy is tremendously valuable for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. A physician's prescription is needed to obtain Medicare, Medicaid, or insurance-company reimbursement, and certain guidelines must be followed: Patients are selected if significant hypoxemia is present, appropriate pharmacolog...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700464
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myasthenia gravis most commonly affects the ocular muscles. Abnormal fatigability of the involved muscle groups is the most remarkable feature of the physical examination. Recent studies have demonstrated that a thymus-derived antibody plays a role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, which is now thought to be a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715218
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic stable angina (CSA) impairs patient quality of life, is associated with increased patient mortality, and is a prominent symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), the latter being prevalent worldwide in patients. Currently, therapeutic options for patients with CSA include β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.11.2711
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the evaluation of male and female infertility the history, family history, physical examination, and endocrine and gonadal functional evaluations are the most informative measures. The cause of the infertility is never found in some 17.5% of couples and in almost one fourth of males. In over one third of cases male...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715204
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In October 2012, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) published recommendations for chronic gout treatment goals and pharmacotherapy. OBJECTIVES:Identify potential gaps between real-world chronic gout treatment, ACR guideline recommendations, and physicians' perceived guideline adherence by evaluating...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.05.2774
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present staging methods for non-small-cell lung cancer provide little more than epidemiologic assessment of prognosis for grossly defined groups of patients. Except in extreme instances, physicians can tell patients very little about their prognosis or the need for supplemental therapy. More effective and less tox...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11704526
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prognosis for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder has improved dramatically in recent years. Primary care physicians, who may be the first healthcare professionals to consult with these patients, can often provide appropriate treatment or therapeutic guidance. Psychiatric consultations and the implementati...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1999.12.807
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a series of 123 children with disorders of defecation, constipation was the main problem in 89 and fecal incontinence in 34. All but three of the latter also had constipation. The principal physical findings were abdominal protuberance with palpable stool in the bowel and the presence of a fecal mass in the rectal ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715223
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise-induced bronchospasm is a common complication of asthma. Aggressive treatment of this conditions permits patients to maintain full activity despite their illness. Since most asthmatic patients are healthy except for an intermittent respiratory problem, providing them the opportunity to exercise in all weather...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701232
更新日期:1992-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vasodilator therapy represents an important step forward in the treatment of chronic left ventricular failure. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors appear to be the most versatile vasodilators, but selected direct-acting vasodilators, sympathetic inhibitors (prazosin), and possibly calcium channel antagonist...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699832
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many controversies, only a few of which have been discussed here, are now raging in the field of resuscitation. Much is expected to change in the next five to ten years. The American Heart Association is now considering changes for its new advanced cardiac life support course, which should be ready this year. The cour...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699404
更新日期:1986-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to sinus and dental abnormalities and stress, several different neurologic conditions can cause facial pain. These include various neuroalgias (trigeminal, vagoglosso-pharyngeal, cranial), carotodynia, and optic neuritis. Pain characteristics and results of specific neurologic tests establish the diagnosis...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11704523
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wound healing calls for little outside interference. All the physician need do is ensure that the wound is clean and debrided and decide whether closure by suture or by granulation tissue formation is indicated. Suture repair should be delayed if the wound is heavily contaminated. Use of skin tapes or of constant-pres...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11698475
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simple screening tests are available to detect abnormalities in the plasma coagulation system and platelet function. Prothrombin time reflects the integrity of the extrinsic system, while activated partial thromboplastin time indicates whether the intrinsic system is intact. Thrombin clotting time is a measure of the ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715704
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemical monitoring is generally advised for drugs that are potentially toxic, have a narrow therapeutic range, or are prescribed for life-threatening disease. Monitoring should not be attempted until the serum concentration reaches a plateau, or steady state, and sampling must be timed carefully. Besides incorrect...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1981.11715801
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To aid in making care of HIV-infected patients part of your office routine, Dr Coodley presents here a checklist that combines the various clinical aspects of initial management. Covering the steps from the history to plans for follow-up, this article should allay anxiety and promote confidence in your entire staff by...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1993.11701640
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with dyslipidemia receive a cardiovascular benefit from lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Atorvastatin is currently one of the most effective approved medications for lowering LDL-C, and has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in many patient groups. However, even with s...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.01.2513
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) refers to several subgroups of disease in which the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) is elevated to more than 25 mm Hg, pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤ 15 mmHg, and an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) > 3 Wood units as confirmed by right heart catheterizati...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2016.1188664
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a challenging task because multiple factors in each condition may impact the other. Glycemic control offers significant benefits in the prevention of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but other associated morbidities are also important to a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2009.05.2002
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When patients have a clear understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, management is easier for the physician and the patient is better able to cope with the disease. Patients also should be made aware of the proper use of antihistamines and anticholinergics that control tremor, as well a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715531
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia, yet because AF can often be intermittent or lacking in overt symptoms, its prevalence is underestimated, and it may be diagnosed only incidentally. Because AF is a potent ischemic stroke risk factor and stroke rates are similar for paroxysmal...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.03.2260
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00