Some physical factors in toxicological assessment tests.

abstract：:The major aspects that must be considered in studies of the health effects of environmental pollutants are: the direct damage due to the exposure, the role of pre-existing disease, and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses. In experimental studies at concentrations of air pollutants found in ur...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Ehrlich R

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,3-Butadiene is a major monomer in the rubber and plastics industry and is one of the highest-production industrial chemicals in the United States. Although not highly acutely toxic to rodents, inhalation of concentrations as low as 6.25 ppm causes tumors in mice. Butadiene is oncogenic in rats, but much higher expos...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Birnbaum LS

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Animal studies suggest that early-life lead exposure influences gene expression and production of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES:We attempted to assess the relationship between early-life lead exposure and potential biomarkers for AD among young men and women. We also attempte...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Mazumdar M,Xia W,Hofmann O,Gregas M,Ho Sui S,Hide W,Yang T,Needleman HL,Bellinger DC

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or methylmercury (MeHg) can result in a variety of neurotoxic effects, including long-term auditory deficits. However, little is known about the effects of combined exposure to PCBs and MeHg on auditory function. OBJECTIVE:We developmentally exposed...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Powers BE,Poon E,Sable HJ,Schantz SL

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon tetrachloride produces liver cell injury in a variety of animal species. The first structurally recognizable changes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, with alteration in ribosome-membrane interactions. Later there is an increase in intracellular fat, and the formation of tangled nets of the ergastoplasm. At n...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Smuckler EA

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) exhibits neurotoxicity through accumulation in the brain. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays an important role in reducing the cellular accumulation of MeHg. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the protective effect of isothiocyanates, which are kno...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Toyama T,Shinkai Y,Yasutake A,Uchida K,Yamamoto M,Kumagai Y

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mortality displacement (or "harvesting") has been identified as a key issue in the assessment of the temperature-mortality relationship. However, only a few studies have addressed the "harvesting" issue and findings have not been consistent. OBJECTIVES:We examined the potential impact of both short- and lon...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Qiao Z,Guo Y,Yu W,Tong S

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The mortality impacts of hot and cold temperatures have been thoroughly documented, with most locations reporting a U-shaped relationship with a minimum mortality temperature (MMT) at which mortality is lowest. How MMT may have evolved over previous decades as the global mean surface temperature has increase...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Åström DO,Tornevi A,Ebi KL,Rocklöv J,Forsberg B

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical and experimental studies on respiratory involvement and alterations in immune status were carried out. Respiratory distress occurring in these patients has improved gradually for 14 years but still remains. Copious expectoration at an early stage of the disease may be related to the fact that a number of disc...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Nakanishi Y,Shigematsu N,Kurita Y,Matsuba K,Kanegae H,Ishimaru S,Kawazoe Y

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Substituted aromatic compounds can be metabolized in most species to N-acetylated derivatives that are themselves subject to further enzymatic transformations, including hydrolysis and N,O-acyltransfer. These proceses can either potentiate or ameliorate the biological responses to these N-substituted derivatives. De...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： King CM,Glowinski IB

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human health and aquatic animal health are organically related at three distinct interfaces. Aquatic animals serve as important contributors to the nutritional protein, lipid, and vitamin requirements of humans; as carriers and transmitters of many infectious and parasitic diseases to which humans are susceptible; and...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Dawe CJ

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Manganese is a common natural contaminant of groundwater in Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study we assessed the association between water manganese and all-cause infant mortality in the offspring of female participants in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study Cohort. METHODS:In 2001, drinki...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Hafeman D,Factor-Litvak P,Cheng Z,van Geen A,Ahsan H

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess quantitatively the association between benzene and leukemia, we evaluated the rate of mortality experienced by a cohort occupationally exposed to benzene. Using data from historical air sampling surveys, we estimated the daily benzene exposure for each member of the cohort. The expected number of leukemia de...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Rinsky RA

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male rats were treated with various model compounds or the appropriate vehicle controls. Most substances were either well-known hepatotoxicants or showed hepatotoxicity during preclinical testing. The aim of the present study was to determine if biological samples from rats treated with various compounds can be classi...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Steiner G,Suter L,Boess F,Gasser R,de Vera MC,Albertini S,Ruepp S

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper will briefly outline those elements which must be considered in assessing the effects of any given compound which might impinge on the actions of adrenocortical steroids. Considerations that ought to be taken into account include the following: the delivery to the affected cells of corticosteroids, the upta...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Thompson EB

更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous occupational cohort studies of benzene-exposed workers have for the most part used only death certificates to validate diagnoses of workers developing leukemia and other hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative malignancies and related disorders (HLD). In a follow-up study of 74,828 benzene-exposed workers and a...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Linet MS,Yin SN,Travis LB,Li CY,Zhang ZN,Li DG,Rothman N,Li GL,Chow WH,Donaldson J,Dosemeci M,Wacholder S,Blot WJ,Hayes RB

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are described which permit the rapid isolation of multiple target macromolecules from the tissues of animals exposed to chemical mutagens. DNA and selected chromosomal proteins are isolated in a simple two step separation scheme. Isolated nuclei are dissolved in 3 ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Balhorn R,Mazrimas JA,Corzett M

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sulfation plays an important role both in detoxification and in the control of steroid activity. Studies in rodents have shown that the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to DHEA-sulfate is involved in learning and the memory process. METHODS:The effects of a range of plasticizers and related compo...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Harris R,Turan N,Kirk C,Ramsden D,Waring R

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread persistent organic pollutants and endocrine disruptors. High doses of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure can cause pregnancy loss and infant deaths in animals, but the associations between PFAS exposures and...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Liew Z,Luo J,Nohr EA,Bech BH,Bossi R,Arah OA,Olsen J

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although a long latency period of toxicity after exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is known to exist in humans, few animal studies have addressed this issue. Substantiation of delayed MeHg toxicity in animals would affect the risk evaluation of MeHg. OBJECTIVES:Our goal in this study was to demonstrate the e...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Yoshida M,Shimizu N,Suzuki M,Watanabe C,Satoh M,Mori K,Yasutake A

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In rats, a single administration of acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide) produces a rapidly occurring bilateral adrenal apoplexy. Structure-activity studies have shown that a close derivative, propionitrile (ethyl cyanide), causes duodenal ulcer without markedly affecting the adrenal glands. Prolonging the two-carbon chain o...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Szabo S,Reynolds ES

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are positively related to incidence of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). Increased severe storm frequency may create more habitat for ciguatoxic organisms. Although climate change could expand the endemic range of CFP, the relationship between CFP incidence and specific env...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Gingold DB,Strickland MJ,Hess JJ

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers were exposed to a complex mix of pollutants and carcinogens. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate cancer incidence in responders during the first 7 years after 11 September 2001. METHODS:Cancers among 20,984 consented participants ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Solan S,Wallenstein S,Shapiro M,Teitelbaum SL,Stevenson L,Kochman A,Kaplan J,Dellenbaugh C,Kahn A,Biro FN,Crane M,Crowley L,Gabrilove J,Gonsalves L,Harrison D,Herbert R,Luft B,Markowitz SB,Moline J,Niu X,Sacks H,

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Noise exposure causes changes at different levels in human organs, particularly the cardiovascular system, where it is responsible for increasing heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood pressure. In this study, we evaluated the effect of noise exposure on DNA integrity and ultrastructure of rat cardiomyo...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Lenzi P,Frenzilli G,Gesi M,Ferrucci M,Lazzeri G,Fornai F,Nigro M

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the many forms that biological warfare may take is the targeting of major food crops. In a poor country where millions of citizens depend on staple crops such as rice, an act of bioterrorism that destroys the crop would create a famine, resulting not only in malnutrition and starvation but also in reduced immun...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Pellerin C

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Assessing cumulative effects of the multiple environmental factors influencing mortality remains a challenging task. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative environmental quality and all-cause and leading cause-specific (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) mortality rates. ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Jian Y,Messer LC,Jagai JS,Rappazzo KM,Gray CL,Grabich SC,Lobdell DT

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many naturally occurring and man-made chemicals present in the environment possess estrogenic activity. Examples include plant and fungal products, pesticides, plasticizers, and other agricultural and industrial chemicals. These environmental estrogens as well as endogenous ovarian estrogens are thought to initiate th...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Stancel GM,Boettger-Tong HL,Chiappetta C,Hyder SM,Kirkland JL,Murthy L,Loose-Mitchell DS

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The association of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) with breast cancer is controversial, but animal studies directly linking DDT to risk are lacking. Concerns with DDT reside in its environmental persistence, bioaccumulation in breast adipose tissue, and endocrine-disrupting actions. Whereas most attent...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Johnson NA,Ho A,Cline JM,Hughes CL,Foster WG,Davis VL

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlordane is a polychlorinated hydrocarbon that causes liver enlargement and induces mixed-function oxidases similar to those induced by phenobarbitone in the mouse. We have assessed the hepatocarcinogenicity (after 2 years) and the time course (over 6 months) of liver and thyroid cell proliferation in C57Bl/10J mice ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Barrass N,Stewart M,Warburton S,Aitchison J,Jackson D,Wadsworth P,Marsden A,Orton T

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We used an improved method for trapping carbon-centered radicals (.R) from the gas-phase to compare radical suites trapped from various tobacco smoke and model smoke systems. Using a nitroxide trap, 3-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (3AP), on solid support, we trapped radicals directly from the gas phase, ...

journal_title：Environmental health perspectives

authors： Flicker TM,Green SA

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00