Abstract：
:N-Substituted aromatic compounds can be metabolized in most species to N-acetylated derivatives that are themselves subject to further enzymatic transformations, including hydrolysis and N,O-acyltransfer. These proceses can either potentiate or ameliorate the biological responses to these N-substituted derivatives. Decreasing the levels of metabolites, such as arylhydroxylamines may, in some systems, reduce the probability of eliciting adverse biological effects. In others, arylhydroxamic acids produced by the acetylation of arylhydroxylamines may increase their potential for metabolic activation by N,O-acyltransfer. In the rabbit, rat and perhaps other species, the acetyl CoA-dependent N-acetyltransferase is also capable of activating arylhydroxamic acids by N-O-acyltransfer. These cytosolic organotriphosphate ester-resistant enzymes can utilize arylhydroxamic acid as a donor of the acetyl moiety in the acetyl transferase reaction and apparently are capable of activating arylhydroxamic acids because of their ability to O-acetylate the arylhydroxlamine. In mice, N-acetyltransferase and N,O-acetyltransferase seem not to exhibit this relationship. Enzymes from the microsomes of a number of species are also capable of activating arylhydroxamic acids. The particulate-bound enzymes are organotriphosphate ester-sensitive deacylases that are unable to form nucleic acid adducts on incubation with N-methoxy-N-acetylaminoarenes, substrates that are not capable of activation by N,O-acyltransfer. Thus, depending on the specificity of the enzymes involved, N-substituted aromatic compounds may be activated by N,O-acyltransfer during both the acetylation and deacylation process. The influence of this activation in the carcinogenic process is the object of continuing investigation.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
King CM,Glowinski IBdoi
10.1289/ehp.834943subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-03-01 00:00:00pages
43-50eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In vitro liver preparations are increasingly used for the study of hepatotoxicity of chemicals. In recent years their actual advantages and limitations have been better defined. The cell models, slices, and mainly primary hepatocyte cultures, appear to be the most powerful in vitro systems, as liver-specific functions...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.98106511
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Arsenicals (roxarsone and nitarsone) used in poultry production likely increase inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and roxarsone or nitarsone concentrations in poultry meat. However, the association between poultry intake and exposure to these arsenic species, ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP351
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) hosted its first scientific workshop in 1994 that focused on possible relationships between air toxics and asthma. From that meeting came recommendations for future research including a need for more complete individual personal exposure assessments so that determ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.02110s4501
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most contemporary bioinsecticides are derived from scaled-up cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (Bti) and kurstaki (Btk), whose particulate fractions contain mostly B. thuringiensis spores (> 10(12)/L) and proteinaceous aggregates, including crystal-like parasporal inclusion bodies (PIB). Based ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.00108919
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the reproducibility of X-ray fluorescence-based lead measurements from multiple measurements made on a low-concentration plaster of paris phantom and in five subjects measured five times on two occasions. Over a 6-month period, 220 measurements of the same phantom were obtained and showed a standard deviat...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.94102690
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an earlier study we established that timely and adequate tissue repair response following the administration of a six-fold dose-range of thioacetamide (TA; 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg) prevented progression of injury and led to recovery and animal survival. Delayed and attenuated repair response after the 600 mg/kg TA d...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.96104744
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because of their history of widespread use in the United States and unknown long-term health effects, organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are being considered as a chemical class of interest in planning for the National Children's Study, a longitudinal study of children's environmental health. The availability and approp...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.6179
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A co-culture clonal survival assay was developed to measure the cytotoxicity of test chemical treatments to BALB/c-3T3 cells because the standard clonal survival assay using 200 wild type (WT) cells frequently overestimates chemical cytotoxicity when compared with identical treatment doses in high-density cultures. Th...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.93101s2311
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are responsible for maintaining survival and stimulating growth of early dormant hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). These cytokines exhibit extensive overlap, with GM-CSF supporting growth and differentiation of myeloid HPC. A charac...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.961041247
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An impressive array of evidence has been obtained during the past decade establishing correlations between specific DNA adducts and carcinogenesis. Many of the studies utilized organ specific differences in carcinogenesis to establish the correlations. More recently, we have investigated similar relationships between ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8562177
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg), a worldwide contaminant found in fish and seafood, has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. OBJECTIVE:We examined 42 Faroese whaling men (30-70 years of age) to assess possible adverse effects within a wide range of MeHg exposures from consumption of pilot whal...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.11608
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of the scallop Placopecten magellanicus to 20 ppb Cd2+ in seawater for 7 weeks results in a 7-fold increase in the kidney cytosol content of Cd and 5-fold increase in Zn. Sephadex G-75 column chromatography of the kidney cytosol showed that most of the Cd and Zn were bound to a protein complex with an estimat...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8665199
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1977 creates the need to reliably establish testing priorities because laboratory resources are limited and the number of industrial chemicals requiring evaluation is overwhelming. The use of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models as rapid and p...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.8771171
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The damaging effects of exposure to environmental toxicants differentially affect genetically distinct individuals, but the mechanisms contributing to these differences are poorly understood. Genetic variation affects the establishment of the gene regulatory landscape and thus gene expression, and we hypothe...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP1937
更新日期：2017-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:comments on S. Patandin et al. : Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins from infancy until adulthood: a comparison between breast-feeding, toddler, and long-term exposure. Environ Health Perspect 107:45-51 (1999). ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 评论,信件
doi：10.1289/ehp.107-1566599
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although exposure to many industrially important monomers is controlled by law, few of these reactive chemicals have been determined in human tissues. Analogy with other fat-soluble organic substances strongly implies that these monomers may be retained in tissue, subject to the usual physiological constraints of meta...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.7617183
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Toxicology studies have shown adverse effects of developmental exposure to industrial phenols. Evaluation in humans is challenged by potentially marked within-subject variability of phenol biomarkers in pregnant women, which is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to characterize within-day, between-da...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/EHP1994
更新日期：2018-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Although acute adverse effects on asthma have been frequently found for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's principal criteria air pollutants, there is little epidemiologic information on specific hydrocarbons from toxic emission sources. We conducted a panel study of 22 Hispanic children with asthma who were 1...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.5992
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual variability in human arsenic metabolism has been reported frequently in the literature. This variability could be an underlying determinant of individual susceptibility to arsenic-induced disease in humans. Recent analysis revealing familial aggregation of arsenic metabolic profiles suggests that genetic fa...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.6420
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children and their parents in residences are often protected by insecticides from nuisance and disease-bearing mosquitoes. The annual worldwide consumption of the four major types of residential insecticide products--aerosols, mosquito coils, liquid vaporizers, and vaporizing mats--is in the billions of units. Mosquit...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.6177
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The workshop "Characterizing the Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Human Health at Environmental Exposure Levels" was held to provide a forum for discussions and recommendations of methods and data needed to improve risk assessments of endocrine disruptors. This article was produced by a working group charged with de...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.99107s4605
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many instances pharmacokinetic modeling offers the best method of interpreting the significance to man of results obtained with laboratory animals but first we must have accurate models for our laboratory animals. A physiological pharmacokinetic model has been used to simulate the disposition of polychlorinated bip...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7720257
更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes quantitation of human hemoglobin and DNA adducts of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). NNK and NNN are believed to be involved in cancers of the lung, esophagus, oral cavity, and pancreas in people wh...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.939957
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elemental boron was isolated in 1808. It typically occurs in nature as borates hydrated with varying amounts of water. Important compounds are boric acid and borax. Boron compounds are also used in the production of metals, enamels, and glasses. In trace amounts, boron is essential for the growth of many plants, and i...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.94102s7113
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that local public health agencies use local data to identify children at risk for lead exposure to ensure that they receive preventive services. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of a geographic information system (GIS) in identifying...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.0110989
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty compounds of various chemical classes were investigated for mutagenicity in a collaborative study (three laboratories) using Salmonella typhimurium TA102. With five compounds, hydrazine sulfate, phenylhydrazine, hydralazine, glutardialdehyde, and glyoxal, mutagenicity was detected by all laboratories. Formaldeh...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.101-1521147
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cadmium is a commonly occurring toxic food contaminant, but health consequences of early-life exposure are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the associations between cadmium exposure and neurobehavioral development in preschool children. METHODS:In our population-based mother-child cohort study in...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1104431
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Striking similarities have been observed in a number of extrapulmonary responses of rodents to seemingly disparate ambient pollutants. These responses are often characterized by primary decreases in important indices of cardiac and thermoregulatory function, along with secondary decreases in associated parameters. For...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.01109s4539
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are developmental neurotoxicants but also produce lasting effects on metabolism. OBJECTIVES/METHODS:We administered diazinon (DZN) or parathion (PRT) to rats on postnatal days 14 at doses straddling the threshold for systemic signs of exposure and assessed the effects on he...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.0901237
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Grafting experiments show that the enhanced sensitivity of the SENCAR mouse to skin carcinogenesis by initiation and promotion is a property of the skin itself, suggesting the usefulness of in vitro studies to elucidate the mechanism. Such studies have indicated that cultured epidermal cells of SENCAR mice and the res...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.866839
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
