Abstract：
:Simple life-table analyses have not identified the reasons for the steady improvement over the years in graft survival. The use of more sophisticated multifactorial statistical techniques is indicated to identify prognostic factors and to explore the "center effect" on graft survival. An agenda for retrospective analysis of graft survival is proposed as follows. The first item is organizing and checking both survival and covariate data to provide a general description of the transplant series so that one knows, for example, which covariates are interdependent. Plotting lifetables and the time-specific risk of graft failure for one covariate at a time is the next step. The limitations of such analyses are easy to demonstrate and are illustrated with examples which motivate a multifactorial approach. Standard regression models for survival data, such as the exponential, Weibull, proportional hazards, and log-logistic, are described with the caveat that in medical applications, particularly the relevance of covariates, may be time-dependent, not constant on a particular scale (hazard or log odds). The method which is described for exploring how the relevance of covariates changes with elapsed time since transplantation is a simple step-function extension of the idea of proportional hazards. Because discrepancies in graft survival between centers, the "center effect," may owe something to the patient's rehabilitation before transplantation, a scoring system for rehabilitation or performance status would be useful as a summary covariate. Even careful retrospective analysis will not usually promote or indict a treatment policy without confirmation from randomized comparisons. A survey of renal units to elicit research priorities is suggested and factorial designs are recommended as an efficient way of investigating several specific questions. Multicenter collaboration in clinical trials would ensure that answers were speedily available.
journal_name
Kidney Intjournal_title
Kidney internationalauthors
Gore SMdoi
10.1038/ki.1983.188subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-10-01 00:00:00pages
516-25issue
4eissn
0085-2538issn
1523-1755pii
S0085-2538(15)33058-1journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRAs) inhibit the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and reduce podocyte loss and fibrosis over and above RAS blockade. Several studies in humans show that VDRAs are antiproteinuric and have the potential to delay the progression of renal disease. Whether VDRAs will accomplish this goal among...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2010.77
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Decreased red blood cell survival contributes to the anemia of chronic renal failure patients. Because patients on chronic dialysis therapy are frequently exposed to excessive complement activation, we investigated the susceptibility of this patient population to erythrocyte C5b-9 deposition, complement-medi...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00277.x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The measurement of many parameters of human blood is usually performed in plasma or serum. Since lipoproteins or apolipoproteins, for example, are found almost exclusively in the plasma fraction after low-speed centrifugation, these parameters can be expected to be distributed in a different plasma volume de...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00086.x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that nocturnal hypoxemia in sleep apnea causes an inversion of the circadian arterial pressure rhythm and triggers nocturnal hypertension. Since sleep apnea is very frequent in dialysis patients, we hypothesized that nocturnal hypoxemia may be a factor that contributes to alter the 24-hour arter...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1523-1755.1998.00853.x
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior studies showed conflicting results regarding the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and mineral metabolism in end-stage renal disease. In order to determine whether the bioavailable vitamin D (that fraction not bound to vitamin D-binding protein) associates more strongly with measures of mi...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2012.19
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In summary, the three major segments of the collecting duct subserve three different functions in the urinary concentrating mechanism. The main function of the cortical collecting tubule is to raise the fractional solute contribution and absolute concentration of urea in fluid that it delivers to the outer medullary c...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/ki.1987.41
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteonectin (SPARC, culture shock protein, BM-40) is a widely distributed glycoprotein which binds calcium and several extracellular matrix proteins, including interstitial collagens and thrombospondin, but whose physiologic role remains undefined. In the present studies, we have demonstrated that immunoreactive osteo...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1992.8
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The erythropoietin analogs have been an important advance for the treatment of the anemia of kidney disease, resulting in reduced need for blood transfusion and improved quality of life. Recent studies, however, have indicated risks associated with targeting higher levels of hemoglobin (Hb). As a result, in March 2007...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.ki.5002401
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Loss of hypoxic vasodilation has been proposed as a causative factor in the development of hypertension in dialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). Venous occlusion plethysmography was therefore performed on 22 dialysis patients (aged 23 to 71 years, dialysis duration 6 to 260 months, ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1992.376
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progression of diabetic nephropathy appears directly related to renal tubulointerstitial injury, but the involved genes are incompletely delineated. To identify such genes, DNA microarray analysis was performed with RNA from renal proximal tubules (RPTs) of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, spontaneously di...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ki.5000206
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dialysis efficiency has a great influence on the outcome of patients. Few data are available on the removal of solutes with molecular weights higher than urea and creatinine. The aim of our study was to assess the transport and the removal of substances with molecular weights up to 15 kD and to evaluate the ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00216.x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of chronic respiratory alkalosis on divalent ion homeostasis have not been reported in any species. We studied four normal male subjects during a four-day control period (residence at 500 m), during six days of chronic respiratory alkalosis induced by hypobaric hypoxia (residence at 3450 m), followed by a ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1992.340
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Precise immunofluorescence criteria for C3 glomerulopathy remain to be defined. Here we tested hierarchical immunofluorescence criteria with varying stringency for C3 glomerulopathy in a cohort with dense deposit disease as the gold standard and then applied these criteria to analyze the incidence of C3 glomerulopathy...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2013.340
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High-dose folinic acid is used to accelerate methotrexate elimination to avoid renal toxicity of the drug. The present study was carried out to examine the role of the renal organic anion transporters OAT-K1 and OAT-K2 in the urinary excretion of methotrexate, especially in the methotrexate-folinic acid resc...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031058.x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The induction of stress response (heat shock) proteins (HSPs) is a highly conserved response that protects many cell types from diverse physiological and environmental stressors. We tested the hypothesis that the induction of HSPs is protective in experimental renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS:The ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590051798.x
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Middle molecules such as beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and advanced glycation end products (AGE)-modified proteins contribute to inflammation in uremia. The BetaSorb column is a new adsorptive device, which contains copolymeric beads, suitable for removal of beta2M and other middle molecules. We assessed the ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00839.x
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Estradiol suppresses the synthesis of type I collagen by murine mesangial cells. However, neither the alpha 1(I) nor the alpha 2(I) collagen gene contains an estrogen-response element. Because estradiol modulates the transcription of several genes that lack an estrogen-response element but contain a regulato...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00376.x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertriglyceridemia in nephrotic (NS) and Nagase analbuminemic rats (Analb) results from reduced triglyceride clearance. NS and Analb have reduced or absent albumin, reduced plasma oncotic pressure (pi), but Analb lack proteinuria. The heparin releasable lipoprotein lipase (LpL) pool in both models is greatly reduced...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ki.5000318
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:International clinical practice guidelines for the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease suggest target hemoglobin levels ≤ 11.5 g/dl (115 g/l), with individualized consideration of slightly higher hemoglobin targets to improve quality of life. An updated meta-analysis of randomized trials demonstrates no sig...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2016.03.001
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The substitution of tryptophan for glycine at amino acid 460 (Gly460Trp polymorphism) of the alpha-subunit of the heterodimeric cytoskeleton protein adducin increases renal sodium reabsorption and may be involved in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. In the present study, we investigated in multi...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00691.x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) on Raf-1-MAP kinase cascade, including Raf-1-kinase (Raf-1-K), MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), MAP kinase (MAPK) and S6 kinase (S6K) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In a dose-dependent manner (10(-10) M to 10(-6) M), EGF ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1995.346
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Screening for chronic kidney disease is recommended in people at high risk, but data on the independent and combined associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are limited. To clarify this, we performed a collaborative meta-analysis of 10 coh...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1038/ki.2010.536
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:beta 2-microglobulin-related amyloidosis (A beta 2M) represents a frequent complication in long-term dialysis patients. Although the pathogenetic mechanism has yet to be fully understood, it is known that amyloid fibrils usually consist of intact molecules of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m). Plasma proteinase inhibitor...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1992.368
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adaptation of erythropoietin production to oxygen supply is determined by the abundance of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a regulation that is induced by a prolyl hydroxylase. To identify cells that express HIF subunits (HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha) and erythropoietin, we treated Sprague-Dawley rats with the prolyl...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2009.460
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to determine whether alterations of the plasma and urinary VEGF and sFLT-1 levels were related to the stages and risk factors of diabetic nephropathy. ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00067.x
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders that can produce an undefined glomerulopathy. To better characterize the glomerular disease associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms, we evaluated features of 11 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm-related glomerulopathy that included ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2011.147
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated the effects of different concentrations of iron dextran administered through the intraperitoneal route, in iron-deficient rats, on hematocrit (Hct in percentage), serum iron (mg/dL), total iron binding capacity (TIBC in mg/dL), and the function and histology of the peritoneal membrane. METHODS:...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.059002764.x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary microvesicles, such as 40-100 nm exosomes and 100-1000 nm microparticles, contain many proteins that may serve as biomarkers of renal disease. Microvesicles have been isolated by ultracentrifugation or nanomembrane ultrafiltration from normal urine; however, little is known about the efficiency of these method...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2010.262
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that target humoral alloimmunity in solid organ transplantation. This includes sensitized patients with preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies and patients who develop de novo donor-specific antibodies, both of which are associated with acute and chro...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.028
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Observational studies are valuable and provocative. We are learning about how we practice peritoneal dialysis (PD) and how we might improve on that practice. For example, outcomes of PD therapy are not worse in large patients. Perhaps this will encourage physicians and patients to utilize PD in large patients. In addi...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2009.65
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
