Abstract:
PURPOSE:Orienteering athletes must adapt to running on various surfaces, with biomechanics likely contributing to performance. Here, our aims were to identify the effect of athletic status and of surface on the running biomechanics of orienteers. METHODS:Seven elite and seven amateur male orienteers ran 20 m on road, path, and forest surfaces at maximal, 3.8 m·s, and 85% of maximal speeds. A three-dimensional motion capturing system monitored temporal gait and lower extremity kinematic parameters. Data were analyzed using mixed effects models that considered surface (road-path-forest), group (elite-amateur), and surface-group interaction effects. RESULTS:Forest running at maximal speed was slower and involved longer step and cycle times, greater knee extension at foot strike, smaller peak hip flexion and dorsiflexion during stance, and increased ranges of vertical pelvis motion compared with those observed on the road. Elites specifically exhibited greater hip extension at foot strike, larger dorsiflexion at toe-off, and lower pelvis at foot strike and toe-off, whereas amateurs displayed longer stance, greater plantarflexion at foot strike, and greater knee with lesser ankle motion. At the slowest speed, subjects exhibited greater knee flexion at foot strike, greater dorsiflexion at toe-off, shorter strides, smaller peak dorsiflexion during stance, and greater hip, knee, and vertical pelvis motions on forest than on road surfaces. Elites specifically demonstrated shorter stance, step, and cycle times whereas amateurs did not. CONCLUSIONS:Orienteering athletes adjusted their running biomechanics when off-road, with distinct adaptations observed in elite versus amateur competitors. The vertical pelvis motion was consistently greater when running off-road, coherent with reported increases in energy expenditure. However, our athletes did not exhibit more crouched lower limb postures when sprinting in the forest, indicating alternative responses to off-road running to that previously proposed by "Groucho" running.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Hébert-Losier K,Mourot L,Holmberg HCdoi
10.1249/MSS.0000000000000413subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
381-9issue
2eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Cold-water immersion (CWI) and whole body cryotherapy (WBC) are widely used recovery methods in an attempt to limit exercise-induced muscle damage, soreness, and functional deficits after strenuous exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ecologically valid CWI and WBC protocols on postexer...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001223
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition and maximal contraction strength of the human quadriceps femoris muscle. METHODS:Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis in your highly physical active males (N = 7). The MHC composition of...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199808000-00006
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bdb454
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, lipids, and apolipoproteins in a cross-sectional study using a two-stage probability sample of the population of Northern Ireland. The main outcome measures were physical fitness using VO2max estimated by extrapolation from subma...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199709000-00011
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:For ultra-endurance athletes, whose energy expenditure is likely to be at the extremes of human tolerance for sustained periods of time, there is increased concern regarding meeting energy needs. Due to the lack of data outlining the energy requirements of such athletes, it is possible that those participating ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
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doi:10.1097/00005768-200101000-00022
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic AMP increases in liver during exercise, the magnitude of the increase being dependent on duration and intensity of the exercise. Within limits, the increase in cAMP is closely correlated with the rate of glycogenolysis and with the exercise intensity. It is unlikely that epinephrine is involved in determining c...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Compare the influence of the chemoreflex on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses between children and adults. METHODS:Seventy children (35 boys and 35 girls) and 70 adults (35 men and 35 women) performed 30% maximal voluntary contraction static handgrip exercise (SHG) for 3 min, followed by 4 min ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of steady state exercise on the power spectrum of heart rate variability were studied in 19 healthy subjects. Continuous ECG signals were recorded during 1) 15 min of rest in the supine state, 2) 10 min of standing, 3) 10 min of steady state exercise at 50% of maximum predicted power output on a cycle ergo...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200210000-00010
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001227
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000179102.17183.6b
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the factors in daily physical activity that influence the mineral density of the calcaneus, we recorded walking steps and the type and duration of exercise in 43 healthy 26-to 51-yr-old men. Areal (g.cm-2) calcaneal bone mineral density (CBMD) was measured by single energy x-ray densitometry (SXA, Osteon,...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of shoes and foot orthotics on running economy and selected frontal plane knee kinematics during the support phase of running. Twenty-one male runners who had been fitted with orthotics served as subjects. Subjects participated in three submaximal runs on a tr...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serostatus in an athletic endurance population, especially the prevalence of complex aberrant EBV antibody patterns. In addition, the purpose was to determine whether serology in athletes is more complex than in the general population. METHODS:The study protocol incl...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181940aef
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the stimulus-response characteristics of cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of forearm vascular resistance (FVR) in four groups of male volunteer subjects: i) unfit, ii) physically fit, iii) before and after 10 wk of endurance training (chronic blood volume expansion), and iv) before and after acute blood v...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have suggested that, for the same power output, arm exercise requires higher oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and ventilation (VE) than leg exercise and that response kinetics are slower. To evaluate these differences, four healthy subjects performed a total of 95 arm cranking tests....
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The reliability of athletes to recall and self-report a concussion history has never been quantified. This study examined the reliability of the self-report concussion history measure and explored determinants of recall in the number of self-reported concussions in a group of retired professional football playe...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823240f2
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study the gross efficiency of swimming was determined in a group of male (N = 6) and female (N = 4) competitive swimmers. The gross efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power output (W) to the power input (W). In a range of swimming velocities (0.95-1.6 m.s-1), the power input (rate of energy expenditure,...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purposes of this study was to determine functional movement assessments' ability to predict head impact biomechanics in college football players and to determine whether head impact biomechanics could explain preseason to postseason changes in functional movement performance. METHODS:Participants (N = 44; ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001538
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200210000-00020
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:There is interest in the potential long-term use of dietary supplementation with bovine colostrum to enhance exercise performance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the dose effects of bovine colostrum on cycling performance. METHODS:Forty-two competitive cyclists were randomly divided into thr...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-200207000-00020
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001637
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002528
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ece12
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1249/00005768-198806000-00003
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00