Abstract：
:We investigated the breath-by-breath pattern of ventilatory response to bicycle exercise in seven elite male cyclists (VO2max = 71.7 ml X min-1 X kg-1) and ten sedentary males (VO2max = 47.3 ml X min-1 X kg-1) to analyze differences in breathing patterns between individuals with normal and high exercise ventilations (VE). The mean VEmax of the athletes (ATH) exceeded that of the sedentary subjects (SED) by 34.6% (183 vs 136 l X min-1) and was proportional to the difference in VCO2max between the groups (5.9 vs 4.23 l X min-1). The ATH used an average of 89% of their 15-s maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) during maximum exercise while SED used only 71%. The ATH had slightly, but not significantly, larger vital capacity (FVC). Both groups used about half of their FVC at maximum tidal volume (VT), VT was 47% and 49% of FVC in ATH and SED, respectively. The ATH achieved the higher VEmax by achieving a greater increase in respiratory frequency (63/min vs 49/min), which was accomplished by significant decreases in both inspiratory (T1) and, more importantly, expiratory (TE) time. There was a tendency for athletes to have a somewhat more regular breathing pattern. Both 1/T1 and mean inspiratory flow (VT/T1) were highly correlated with VE, but there were no differences in these relationships between ATH and SED. Highly-conditioned athletes, therefore, respond to the increased demand for CO2 elimination by utilizing a higher respiratory frequency achieved through a reduction of both inspiratory and expiratory duration, but not by utilizing a larger tidal volume (i.e., as percent FVC) than less fit individuals.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Folinsbee LJ,Wallace ES,Bedi JF,Horvath SMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-01-01 00:00:00pages
503-9issue
6eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Endurance performance is a common criterion used to evaluate training or dietary interventions. However, to accurately appraise the effects of an intervention, the endurance performance measure must be reliable. The purpose of the investigation was to establish the reliability of a 1-h endurance performance test. Twen...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199704000-00019
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article provides an overview of the history behind the physiological concepts defining the role of the arterial baroreflexes and their regulation of arterial blood pressure during dynamic exercise. Initially, the case is made as to "why the arterial baroreflexes must be involved with blood pressure regulation dur...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318180bc41
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to test whether environmental hypoxia could potentiate the effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. METHODS:Fourteen adolescents with obesity were assigned to 6 wk of exercise training either in normoxic or in hypoxic conditions (FiO2 15%). Adolescents traine...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001694
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We performed two experiments to determine whether cutaneous microvascular adaptations in response to repeated core temperature (Tc) elevation are mediated by increases in skin blood flow (SkBF) and/or skin temperature. METHODS:Healthy subjects participated for 8 wk in thrice-weekly bouts of 30-min lower limb h...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000349
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this project was to determine the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) among U.S. Olympic winter sport athletes. METHODS:Subjects included female and male members of the 1998 U.S. Winter Olympic Team from the following sports: biathlon, cross-country ski, figure skating, ice hockey, ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200004000-00003
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Magnesium (Mg) is important for regulating ion transport and cellular metabolism in all body tissues. In skeletal muscle Mg is involved in the neuromuscular activity, excitation, and muscle contraction. Mg deficiency can cause muscle weakness and muscle cramps. Less than 1% of total body Mg is found in serum...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-199811000-00005
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten highly trained endurance athletes were studied to determine the effects of exposure to low ozone (O3) concentrations on simulated competitive endurance performance and associated physiological and subjective symptom responses. Each subject was randomly exposed to filtered air (FA), and to 0.12, 0.18, and 0.24 ppm ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sensitization of mechanosensitive afferents, which contribute to the exercise pressor reflex, has been recognized as a characteristic of patients with heart failure (HF); however, the hemodynamic implications of this hypersensitivity are unclear. OBJECTIVES:The present study used passive leg movement (PLM) ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000782
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association of physical activity to the initiation of health risk behaviors was examined in a 3-yr prospective study of a population-based cohort of 1245 adolescents aged 12-16 yr. Four hundred thirty-seven students (35% of the cohort) were identified at baseline via self-report survey as never having smoked cigar...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estimates of muscular efficiency in competitive and recreational cyclists at similar work intensities and cycling frequencies were examined. Twelve healthy college-age male nonsmoker volunteers were grouped as either competitive (CC; N = 6) or recreational (RC; N = 6) cyclists based upon previous cycling experience. S...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199611000-00008
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to test the feasibility and impact of a 10-wk after-school exercise program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or disruptive behavior disorders living in an urban poor community. METHODS:Children were randomized to an exercise program (n = 19) or a com...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000891
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Sedentary Sphere is a method for the analysis, identification, and visual presentation of sedentary behaviors from a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer. PURPOSE:This study aimed to introduce the concept of the Sedentary Sphere and to determine the accuracy of posture classification from wrist acceleromet...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000224
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the effects of a long-term training program with endurance and strength elements for patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS:We studied 14 patients, mean age 57 yr, mean NYHA class 2.7, mean LVEF 29%, and mean VO2max 17.2 mL x kg(-1...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199908000-00004
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Physically active classroom lessons have been found to increase on-task behavior in children. Given that physical activity has been associated with an increased time on task (TOT) and that overweight children take fewer steps than normal weight children do, it was expected that benefits of the physical activ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a61495
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The papers in this supplement to Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise seek to summarize our knowledge of the dose-response relationship of exercise with a variety of health outcomes. This type of rigorous evidence summation has become quite popular in the past 10 years as health care providers and policymakers ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200106001-00004
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Oral beta2-agonist administration improves muscle function in persons without asthma. We performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover study to assess whether acute inhaled salbutamol administration improves muscle strength and fatigability in healthy moderately trained subjects. METHODS:Quad...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31816b87aa
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Equations are often used to predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) from submaximal or maximal exercise tests. However, no study has comprehensively compared these exercise-based equations with directly measured CRF using data from a single, large cohort. PURPOSE:This study aimed to compare the accuracy of exercise-b...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002435
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We transposed the concept of effectiveness of force application used in pedaling mechanics to calculate the ratio of forces (RF) during sprint running and tested the hypothesis that field sprint performance was related to the technical ability to produce high amounts of net positive horizontal force. This abili...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318216ea37
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Little is known about whether acute exercise affects signs or symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. This experiment sought to determine the effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity leg cycling exercise on measures of attention, hyperactivity, mood, and motivation to comple...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000864
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an exercise program of two different intensities, with nutritional control, on gestational weight gain (GWG), infant birth weight, and maternal weight retention at 2 months postpartum (2 mopp). METHODS:Pregnant women (prepregnancy body mass index = 18.5-24.9 kg·m) wer...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825365f1
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A primary goal of studies of successful aging is to identify the modifiable factors related to the plasticity of higher physical function; however, little is known about the relationship between habitual physical activity (especially that of lower- to moderate-intensity) and the maintenance of day-to-day functioning i...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199605000-00010
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Power training plays an essential part in many sport disciplines. The importance of eccentric power training remains a matter of controversial discussion. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the difference in metabolic reaction between eccentric and concentric stress in comparable work. ME...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200105000-00018
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Skeletal muscle (SM), which is found mainly within the appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) compartment, is a biological important body compartment. Simple and accurate methods to estimate both SM and ALST remain difficult to obtain. We aimed to develop and to cross-validate anthropometric models for ALST in at...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818ffe4b
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To comprehensively quantify through daily, serial measures changes in knee laxity as a function of changing sex-hormone levels across one complete menstrual cycle. METHODS:Twenty-five females, 18 - 30 yr, body mass index < or = 30, who reported normal menstrual cycles (28-32 d) over the past 6 months participa...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000132270.43579.1a
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Exercise has been well documented to exert a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. The effective control of arterial pressure (BP) is essential from the standpoint of cardiovascular prevention. So far, no study has determined the long-term effect of regular training as a monotherapy on both BP at rest and...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000106173.81966.90
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We examined the effect of regular physical activity on plasma ghrelin concentration after onset of puberty in girls. In addition, we also examined the association of fasting plasma ghrelin concentration with various plasma biochemical, body composition, and aerobic capacity variables in healthy adolescent girls...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e31812e5294
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To better understand the mechanical behavior of healing skeletal muscle; specifically the tissue's response after acute eccentric stretch injury. METHODS:Rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) muscle tendon units were subjected to an in vivo single stretch (eccentric) injury and mechanically evaluated (constant rate el...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000084423.39529.C5
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve college-age men exercised on a bicycle ergometer to VO2max and at 60, 70, and 80% VO2max for 30 min to determine the effects of exercise intensity on plasma beta-endorphin (B-EP). The time course for alterations in B-EP and the relationship to lactate were also examined. Following the VO2max test, the three sub...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of intensity of exercise on insulin resistance and the expression of inflammatory proteins in the skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats after a single bout of exercise. METHODS:In the first exercise protocol, the rats swam for two 3-h bouts, separated by a 45-min rest period ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e45d08
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effects of age and physical activity on body composition and fat distribution by comparing differences between young and older endurance trained men and women with differences between young and older sedentary people. Although indices of total body adiposity (fat mass, percent body fat) were hi...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
