Abstract:
:The association of physical activity to the initiation of health risk behaviors was examined in a 3-yr prospective study of a population-based cohort of 1245 adolescents aged 12-16 yr. Four hundred thirty-seven students (35% of the cohort) were identified at baseline via self-report survey as never having smoked cigarettes, consumed alcohol, used marijuana, or carried a weapon. Three measures of physical activity were obtained at baseline: leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), level of aerobic fitness (AF), and participation in competitive athletics. Significant associations, with notable gender differences, were observed between physical activity and the initiation of cigarette smoking and alcohol use. The cumulative proportion of male students initiating alcohol use was 48%, 42%, and 24% for high, moderate, and low LTPA, respectively (P < 0.01). Males who participated in competitive athletics were significantly more likely than nonathletes to initiate alcohol use (44% vs 17%, P < 0.01). The cumulative proportion of female students initiating cigarette use was 10%, 23%, and 22% for high, moderate, and low LTPA, respectively (P < 0.05) and 7%, 28%, and 16% for high, moderate, and low AF, respectively (P < 0.05). No association was found between physical activity and weapon carrying. These results indicate that in this cohort of adolescents, the most active or most fit females were less likely to initiate cigarette smoking. In contrast, the most active males or males who participated in competitive athletics appeared more at-risk for initiating alcohol consumption than their less active counterparts.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Aaron DJ,Dearwater SR,Anderson R,Olsen T,Kriska AM,Laporte REsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
1639-45issue
12eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:The study purpose was to determine the relationship: 1) of muscle metabolism to exercise performance and 2) of exercise performance to rate of weight gain. METHODS:Eighty-three black and white premenopausal women were evaluated for maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max ), isometric quadriceps and triceps surae strengt...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000048641.47125.1C
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological mechanism of exercise-induced hyperfibrinolysis is not fully understood. It has been reported that exercise increases plasma arginine vasopressin (PAVP) and that PAVP infusion enhances blood fibrinolytic activity (FA). To characterize the fibrinolytic role of PAVP during exercise, PAVP and FA were ex...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We examined bilateral bone mineral density (BMD) in the arms of female college gymnasts to assess the relative contribution of high-impact loading forces versus daily activities on bone plasticity. METHODS:Twenty-five female collegiate gymnasts and 25 controls were studied. BMD of the lumbar spine, proximal fe...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200211000-00021
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Temperature increase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions after endurance exercise were expected to stimulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSP) in peripheral blood leukocytes. Furthermore, it was of interest whether regular endurance training influences HSP expression. METHODS:The expression ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200003000-00007
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A 20-d 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest project was conducted to evaluate the effect of dynamic leg press and plantar flexion resistance training on muscle size and function in human plantar flexors (PF) throughout the prolonged bed rest. METHODS:Twelve healthy men participated in this study and were divided ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000058367.66796.35
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle from lean and obese subjects elicit differential adaptations in response to exercise/muscle contractions. In order to determine whether obesity alters the adaptations in mitochondrial dynamics in response to exercise/muscle contractions and whether any of these distinct adaptations are linked...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002580
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim was to determine the feasibility of a 6-wk speed-based exercise program that could be used to initiate new exercise behaviors and to improve rapid movement in older adults approaching frailty. METHODS:The intervention group included 14 older adults (3 males and 11 females; mean ± SD, age = 70 ± 7.6 yr,...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001069
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A combination of endurance and strength training is generally used to seek further health benefits or enhanced physical performance in older adults compared with either of the training modes alone. The mean change within a training group, however, may conceal a wide range of individual differences in the respon...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f1bf0d
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Prolonged sitting time (ST) is associated with higher mortality. However, previous studies used only a single measure of ST at baseline, so they could not directly assess the effect of continued exposure to high ST, or of changes in ST, on mortality. We prospectively assessed the association of continued sedent...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182897e87
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The taper is a progressive nonlinear reduction of the training load during a variable period of time, in an attempt to reduce the physiological and psychological stress of daily training and optimize sports performance. The aim of the taper should be to minimize accumulated fatigue without compromising adaptations. Th...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000074448.73931.11
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Previous research identified decreased overall and cardiovascular mortality for National Football League (NFL) players from the 1959-1988 era. The present study explored the mortality risk among recent NFL players who played in an era of heavier linemen and nearly year-round physical conditioning. METHODS:This...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001466
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the effects of prolonged systemic administration of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on objective indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. METHODS:Fifty-four volunteers (mean age, 26.4 yr; range, 18-35) participated in this randomized double-blind, pla...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00005768-200007000-00001
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of the sickle cell trait in a school for elite young athletes in Cameroon, West Africa, was examined in order to evaluate whether the choice of an athletic career was influenced by its presence. The presence of hemoglobin AS was found in 27 of the 145 students attending the school (18.6%). Since the fre...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reproducibility of the Bruce exercise test protocol for the determination of maximal aerobic activity was evaluated in sedentary older women. Seventeen women between the ages of 51 and 68 yr performed five maximal graded exercise tests to volitional fatigue on a treadmill. VO2max (mL.kg-1.min-1) values averaged 27...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199708000-00018
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine whether physical activity behavior tracks during early childhood. Forty-seven children (22 males, 25 females) aged 3-4 yr at the beginning of the study were followed over a 3-yr period. Heart rates were measured at least 2 and up to 4 d.yr-1 with a Quantum XL Telemetry heart ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199601000-00019
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine the effect of pelvic stabilization and two lower-limb configurations on the EMG activity of back and hip extensor muscles during a dynamic back extension exercise on a machine and to compare them between sexes. METHODS:Twenty-two healthy volunteers (11 men and 11 women) performed five trunk flexion-...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318188446a
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle is characterized by its ability to dynamically adapt to variable levels of functional demands. During periods of insufficient training stimulus, muscular detraining occurs. This may be characterized by a decreased capillary density, which could take place within 2--3 wk of inactivity. Arterial-venous o...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00005768-200108000-00009
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different volumes of high-intensity resistance training on isometric torque and muscle thickness. Training was conducted three times per week using one set (low volume, EX-1, N = 18) or three sets (high volume, EX-3, N = 20) of dynamic variable resistance exerc...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199610000-00016
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the optimal crank length and crank-axle height for maximum power production during standing arm cranking ("grinding"). METHODS:Nine elite professional America's Cup grinders (age = 36 +/- 2 yr, body mass = 104 +/- 1 kg, body fat = 13% +/- 2%) performed eight maximal 6-s sprints on an adjustable ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b46f3a
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:It is unclear how muscle strength in tibial rotation and knee abduction change following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Such strength changes are likely, considering the oblique orientation of the ACL and the constraint provided by the ACL at various tibial rotation and adduction po...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200201000-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of gastric emptying of 20 g.l-1 (2G), 40 g.l-1 (4G), and 60 g.l-1 (6G) glucose solutions with that of water (W). On separate occasions in randomized order, a 600-ml test solution was instilled into the stomach of each of six healthy male volunteers. Gastric emptying wa...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Recovery of ambulatory function after stroke is routinely assessed using standardized subject- or observer-rated instruments that do not directly measure ambulatory activities in the home-community setting. Accuracy of conventional pedometers in stroke patients is not established, limiting their application in ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200203000-00002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vertical loading rates are typically found to be lower in forefoot compared to rearfoot strikers, promoting the idea that forefoot striking is desirable and may reduce running injury risk. However, prior work using linear models has shown that foot inclination angle (FIA) at initial contact is a poor predictor of vert...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002023
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the factors in daily physical activity that influence the mineral density of the calcaneus, we recorded walking steps and the type and duration of exercise in 43 healthy 26-to 51-yr-old men. Areal (g.cm-2) calcaneal bone mineral density (CBMD) was measured by single energy x-ray densitometry (SXA, Osteon,...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The prognostic value of peak V˙O2 and V˙E/V˙CO2 slope measured during cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing has been well established in patients with advanced heart failure, but blood pressure response to exercise is less well characterized. METHODS:We retrospectively studied 151 outpatients who underwe...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001587
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regression analysis is often used to demonstrate associations among variables believed to be biologically related. Failure to demonstrate a "significant" relationship may be due to two factors: 1) the variables are truly unrelated, or 2) a relationship exists but goes undetected due to inadequate statistical power. In...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The goal of this study was to explore the effect of lifelong aerobic exercise (i.e., chronic training) on skeletal muscle substrate stores (intramyocellular triglyceride [IMTG] and glycogen), skeletal muscle phenotypes, and oxidative capacity (ox), in older endurance-trained master athletes (OA) compared with n...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000789
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a state of extreme hyperthermia that occurs when excess heat that is generated by muscular exercise exceeds the body's ability to dissipate it at the same rate. EHS is thought to coincide with previously healthy, highly motivated, and relatively untrained individuals exerting ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199902000-00004
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the isometric and isokinetic peak torque (PT) (speed of movement 0, 60, and 180 degrees.s-1) and the peak torque acceleration energy (PTAE) and average power (AP) of multiple contractions (180 degrees.s-1) of the quadriceps and hamstrings in 38 patients ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after resistance exercise bouts with different rest intervals between sets and exercises in high responding (HR) and normal responding (NR) subjects. METHODS:During each resistance exercise bout, three sets with 10-repetition maximum (10RM) loads were completed fo...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ca7e16
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00