Abstract：
:The papers in this supplement to Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise seek to summarize our knowledge of the dose-response relationship of exercise with a variety of health outcomes. This type of rigorous evidence summation has become quite popular in the past 10 years as health care providers and policymakers seek to distinguish interventions that are helpful--the expected benefits justify human and economic costs--from those of no or uncertain benefit (7). Proponents of "evidence-based medicine" argue that in contrast to old-style literature reviews in which the writer, typically an "expert," develops a thesis and cites only those publications that support his point of view, an evidence-based approach finds all of the evidence and objectively weighs it to determine the "truth" (20,22). Although such methods offer the promise of increased objectivity, they are not immune to bias, and readers should understand that the declaration that something is "evidence-based" is no guarantee of its veracity. In fact, because the literature virtually never includes studies that perfectly match the setting and personal circumstance of the patient under treatment, "evidence-informed medicine" would be a more honest title for care grounded in systematic reviews of the literature (23). This paper begins with a discussion of potential theoretical problems with systematic reviews and concludes by considering specific problems that members of the panel were likely to encounter when evaluating the literature on exercise and health. These concepts were presented in the initial lecture of the conference so that the 24 lecturers and 6 members of the consensus panel would be forewarned of the dangers that lay ahead.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Schriger DLdoi
10.1097/00005768-200106001-00004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-01 00:00:00pages
S359-63issue
6 Suppleissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of the YMCA submaximal exercise test protocol using a total body recumbent stepper to predict V˙O(2peak). METHODS:Of 112 individuals initially screened, 110 individuals with low to moderate cardiovascular disease risk met the inclusion criteria for participa...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824f5be4
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the stimulus-response characteristics of cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of forearm vascular resistance (FVR) in four groups of male volunteer subjects: i) unfit, ii) physically fit, iii) before and after 10 wk of endurance training (chronic blood volume expansion), and iv) before and after acute blood v...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Physical activity (PA) associates with cardiovascular autonomic function, but the relationship with lifelong PA is unclear. We hypothesized that lifelong PA would associate with cardiovascular autonomic function in midlife. METHODS:At the age of 46 yr, the subjects of the prospective Northern Finland Birth Coh...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000942
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to catalog the relationships between step-based accelerometer metrics indicative of physical activity volume (steps per day, adjusted to a pedometer scale), intensity (mean steps per minute from the highest, not necessarily consecutive, minutes in a day; peak 30-min cadence), and sedentary beha...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001100
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether quantitative methods could separate golfers with a possible dystonic cause of the "yips" from those that appear to be nondystonic. METHODS:Twenty-seven golfers completed 10 two-handed and 10 right hand-only putts. Surface EMG assessed forearm muscle co-contraction and motion detectors moni...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001687
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reproducibility of the Bruce exercise test protocol for the determination of maximal aerobic activity was evaluated in sedentary older women. Seventeen women between the ages of 51 and 68 yr performed five maximal graded exercise tests to volitional fatigue on a treadmill. VO2max (mL.kg-1.min-1) values averaged 27...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199708000-00018
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The reliability of athletes to recall and self-report a concussion history has never been quantified. This study examined the reliability of the self-report concussion history measure and explored determinants of recall in the number of self-reported concussions in a group of retired professional football playe...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823240f2
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This prospective magnetic resonance (MR) imaging study investigated the development of symptomatic pars lesions in the lumbar spine of adolescent cricket fast bowlers. METHODS:Annual MR examinations of the lumbar spine in male fast bowlers (N = 51) and swimmers (N = 20) without a prestudy history of symptomati...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000241642.82725.ac
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The prevalences of diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol all decrease with increased levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Whether these reductions extend beyond contemporary guideline activity levels and whether fitness affects medication use independent of activity, remains unclear...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e318145b337
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purposes of this study was to determine functional movement assessments' ability to predict head impact biomechanics in college football players and to determine whether head impact biomechanics could explain preseason to postseason changes in functional movement performance. METHODS:Participants (N = 44; ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001538
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The study purpose was to determine the relationship: 1) of muscle metabolism to exercise performance and 2) of exercise performance to rate of weight gain. METHODS:Eighty-three black and white premenopausal women were evaluated for maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max ), isometric quadriceps and triceps surae strengt...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.MSS.0000048641.47125.1C
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of training intensity and duration, through a range representative of training in endurance athletes, on acute recovery of autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance after exercise. METHODS:Nine highly trained (HT) male runners (VO2max 72 +/- 5 mL.kg.min(-1), 14 +/- 3 training hours per ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e318060f17d
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Influence of post-surgery time after cardiac transplantation on exercise responses. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 171-175, 1996. To test the hypothesis that exercise response changes with time after cardiac transplantation, we investigated the cardiorespiratory responses of nine orthotopic heart transpl...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199602000-00003
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This is the first study to use the quiet eye (QE) as an objective measure of visuomotor control underpinning proficiency differences in children's motor coordination. METHODS:Fifty-seven, year 5 primary school children (9-10 yr old) completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828288f1
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE:The goal of this program was to determine the feasibility of a novel noninvasive, highly miniaturized optomechanical earbud sensor for accurately estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). The optomechanical sensor module, small enough to fit inside commercia...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000183
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to exercise in a group of patients with unexplained dyspnea, increased risk for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP; >30 mm Hg) on exercise. METHODS:A total of 37 symptomatic patients at risk of PA...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318204cdac
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular responses were obtained during cycling with graded levels of lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) applied to the exercising limbs. Seven men performed four incremental work rate (25 W.min-1) exercise (IWREx) tests to their limit of tolerance while exposed to 0, 15, 30, or 45 Torr LBPP. They also performe...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/00005768-199406000-00008
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a variety of experimental models, hypoxia causes a shift in substrate use to favor increased dependence on glucose. One explanation for this phenomenon is a selective advantage derived from the increased metabolic economy (more ATP derived per unit oxygen consumed) that results when glucose is oxidized rather than ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181729dd3
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study effort tolerance in elderly women with different physical activity backgrounds, 52 physically active (PA) and 42 sedentary control women (CO) aged 66-85 yr were assigned to perform cycle ergometer exercise to their volitional maximum. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate, work power, an...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199801000-00024
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Despite the widespread utilization of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) in the evaluation of concussion, it has been criticized for its error-based scoring that is susceptible to floor and ceiling effects and substantial inter-rater variability. A biomechanical outcome, Cleveland Clinic Postural Stab...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001660
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Obesity in adolescence increases the risk for early adult cardiovascular disease. We recently showed that 6 months of diet, exercise, and metformin resulted in reductions in adiposity and that diet/exercise alone reduced proinflammatory factors and intrahepatic fat in pubertal children with uncomplicated obesit...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823cef5e
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Muscle force production is usually impaired in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). The use of high-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) strength training can help promote metabolically active lean muscle mass and, thus, increase muscle mass and improve physical health and quality of life...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001637
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relatively few studies have assessed the prospective relationship of sedentary lifestyle and coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. We performed a nested case-control study, identifying 50 cases of acute CHD in women and 150 age-matched controls. Risk factors including sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, hypertens...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to investigate atrophy in the deep abdominal muscles, spinal extensors, and the effect of high-load resistive exercise with and without whole-body vibration after 60 d of strict bed rest. METHODS:Twenty-four subjects underwent 60 d of head-down tilt bed rest and performed either resistive vibr...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001096
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Aerobic training of professional road cyclists is linked to tremendous aerobic capacities that have never been clearly related to what occur in skeletal muscles submitted to a specific exercise. The aim of the present study was to examine specifically metabolic recovery after an incremental cycling exercise per...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000162616.20085.b4
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated technical and physiological responses along with their relationships during an incremental field test to exhaustion specific to tennis (TEST) in elite players. METHODS:Twenty male elite tennis players completed TEST, which consisted of hitting alternatively forehand and backhand strokes at incr...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001303
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased vertical impact loading during running has been associated with a variety of running related injuries including stress fractures, patellofemoral pain, and plantar fasciitis. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the acute and long-term effect of a gait retraining program aimed at teaching runners...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001710
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Despite endorsement by various health organizations, there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of perceptually regulated exercise training (PRET) as a method of exercise intensity prescription. The purpose of this study was to confirm the efficacy of an 8-wk PRET program clamped at RPE13 to improve aerob...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824d266e
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:sarcopenia plays a principal role in the pathogenesis of frailty and functional impairment that occur with aging. There are few published accounts that examine the overall benefit of resistance exercise (RE) for lean body mass (LBM) while considering a continuum of dosage schemes and/or age ranges. Therefore, t...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181eb6265
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Accurate assessment of physical activity (PA) is necessary to identify the sedentary older individual who is in need of activity intervention. Activity monitors are quite popular, although it has been suggested that they are less accurate at slow gait speeds. PURPOSE:To examine the accuracy of the three act...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e318158b504
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
