Abstract：
PURPOSE:The purpose of this project was to determine the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) among U.S. Olympic winter sport athletes. METHODS:Subjects included female and male members of the 1998 U.S. Winter Olympic Team from the following sports: biathlon, cross-country ski, figure skating, ice hockey, Nordic combined, long-track speedskating, and short-track speedskating. Assessment of EIB was conducted in conjunction with an "actual competition" (Olympic Trials, World Team Trials, World Cup Event, U.S. National Championships) or a "simulated competition" (time trial, game), which served as the exercise challenge. Standard spirometry tests were performed preexercise and at 5, 10, and 15 min postexercise. An athlete was considered EIB-positive based on a postexercise decrement in FEV1 > or = 10%. RESULTS:For the seven sports evaluated on the 1998 U.S. Winter Olympic Team, the overall incidence of EIB across all sports and genders was 23%. The highest incidence of EIB was found in cross-country skiers, where 50% of the athletes (female = 57%; male = 43%) were diagnosed with EIB. Across the seven sports evaluated, the prevalence of EIB among the female and male athletes was 26% and 18%, respectively. Among those individuals found to be EIB-positive were athletes who won a team gold medal, one individual silver medal, and one individual bronze medal at the Nagano Winter Olympics. CONCLUSIONS:These data suggest that: 1) EIB is prevalent in several Olympic winter sports and affects nearly one of every four elite winter sport athletes; 2) the winter sport with the highest incidence of EIB is cross-country skiing; 3) in general, EIB is more prevalent in female versus male elite winter sport athletes; and 4) athletes may compete successfully at the international level despite having EIB.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Wilber RL,Rundell KW,Szmedra L,Jenkinson DM,Im J,Drake SDdoi
10.1097/00005768-200004000-00003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-04-01 00:00:00pages
732-7issue
4eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract：INTRODUCTION:Current athlete-specific protein recommendations are based almost exclusively on research in males. PURPOSE:Using the minimally invasive indicator amino acid oxidation technique, we determined the daily protein intake that maximizes whole-body protein synthesis (PS) and net protein balance (NB) after exer...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000001832
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a 6" digital caliper and a 20x viewing microscope to measure hematocrit (HCT) from microhematocrit tubes. The reliability and validity of the digital caliper technique (DC) was simultaneously compared with that of the conventional "turntable" style mi...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined the direct, moderating, and indirect effects of dispositional optimism on the prediction of, and athletes' responses to, injury. METHODS:A 2-yr longitudinal design was conducted with a baseline sample of 694 asymptomatic participants (389 men, 305 women; mean ± SD age = 19.17 ± 1.69 yr), 10...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826ea8e3
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This randomized study compared the fibrinolytic circadian rhythm of healthy older men and older women (average age 66 +/- 5), before and after 6 months of endurance training versus stretching controls. Compared with men, women at baseline had similar rhythms for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and plasmin...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005768-199606000-00001
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are new and powerful tools to study tissue biochemistry, and to provide precise anatomical visualization of soft tissue structures. This review focuses on the use of these techniques to study exercise-induced muscle injury. MRS measurements sho...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the influence of two patellofemoral braces on pain response, patellar alignment, and patellofemoral joint contact area in persons with patellofemoral pain. METHODS:Fifteen women between the ages of 18 and 45 yr with a diagnosis of patellofemoral pain participated. After the assessment of pain respon...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000132376.50984.27
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to determine the effects of a caffeine-containing energy drink on female volleyball players' performance. METHODS:Thirteen elite female volleyball players ingested 3 mg·kg of caffeine with an energy drink or the same drink without caffeine (placebo drink) in a double-blind and ra...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000455
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on hypertension (HTN) are well known; however, the association between muscular strength and incidence of HTN has yet to be examined. PURPOSE:This study evaluated the strength-HTN association with and without accounting for CRF. METHODS:Participants...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b2f0a4
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined the relationship between age and gender with physical activity (PA) and how meeting of PA guidelines (PAGL) is related to socioeconomic status (SES) and sedentary behaviors (SB). METHODS:Data were collected from 11-, 13-, and 15-yr-old students in 32 countries participating in the Health Be...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181917722
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To comprehensively quantify through daily, serial measures changes in knee laxity as a function of changing sex-hormone levels across one complete menstrual cycle. METHODS:Twenty-five females, 18 - 30 yr, body mass index < or = 30, who reported normal menstrual cycles (28-32 d) over the past 6 months participa...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000132270.43579.1a
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endurance exercise training increases fat oxidation during large muscle mass exercise. Although the source of this fat has been thought to be plasma free fatty acids (FFA) released from adipose tissue, the training-induced decrease in lipolytic hormonal responses to exercise is not consistent with this concept. The pu...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-199705000-00008
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examines the usefulness of complementing accelerometry-based physical activity measurement with spatial data from portable global positioning system (GPS) units to determine where physical activity occurs. METHODS:First, using the geographic distribution of data points and Bland-Altman plots, we exa...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000185297.72328.ce
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The effect of exercise on body mass is likely to be partially mediated through changes in appetite control. However, no studies have examined the effect of chronic exercise on obestatin and cholecystokinin (CCK) plasma concentrations or the sensitivity to detect differences in preload energy in obese individual...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827d1618
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Accurate assessment of physical activity (PA) is necessary to identify the sedentary older individual who is in need of activity intervention. Activity monitors are quite popular, although it has been suggested that they are less accurate at slow gait speeds. PURPOSE:To examine the accuracy of the three act...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/mss.0b013e318158b504
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The case of a table tennis player suffering from intra-articular loose bodies of the elbow is reported. The patient developed the first signs of osteochondritis dissecans of the right lateral humeral condyle at age 16 but underwent surgery only 6 yr later. He has now resumed training and competition, despite some resi...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether similar patterns of quadriceps dysfunction are observed when people with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency perform static and dynamic tasks. METHODS:EMG data were collected from 15 subjects with an ACL deficient knee and 15 uninjured subjects as they...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000131959.20666.11
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Walking is an important form of physical activity. It is practiced by people of nearly all ages, throughout the world. Walking is an integral part of life, and there is accumulating evidence that it is essential to good health. There are many ways to measure walking including pedometers, accelerometers, trail counters...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c699c
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Unilateral strength training strengthens not only the muscles on the trained side but also the homologous muscles on the untrained side; however, the magnitude of this interlimb cross-education is modest. We tested the hypothesis that heightened sensory feedback by mirror viewing the exercising hand would augme...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000871
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared physiological and perceptual responses to non-weight bearing (cycle) and weight bearing (treadmill) exercise in 16 sedentary women throughout a normal term pregnancy. Subjects were recruited late in the first trimester (less than 13 wk gestation) and were studied at 4 wk intervals throughout pregnancy and ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To date, no study has examined the synergistic effects of a nutrition and combination of aerobic and strength training (CAST) on both adiposity and metabolic parameters in overweight Latina adolescent females. The goal was to assess if a 16-wk nutrition plus CAST pilot study had stronger effects on reducing adi...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819b6aea
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:For ultra-endurance athletes, whose energy expenditure is likely to be at the extremes of human tolerance for sustained periods of time, there is increased concern regarding meeting energy needs. Due to the lack of data outlining the energy requirements of such athletes, it is possible that those participating ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005768-200101000-00022
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Studies have shown that absolute intensity of physical activity is associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia. This analysis was performed to examine whether relative intensity may also be related to preeclampsia risk. METHODS:Using data from a case-control study conducted from 1998 to 2002, the authors asse...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/01.mss.0000175862.41620.41
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the aortic-cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in eight average fit (AF: VO2max = 44.7 +/- 1.3 ml.kg-1 x min-1) and seven high fit (HF: VO2max = 64.1 +/- 1.7 ml.min-1 x kg-1) healthy young men during hypotension elicited by steady state sodium nitroprusside (SN) infusion. During SN mean arterial pressure (MAP) ...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Compelling evidence suggests larger performance decrements during hypoxic versus normoxic repeated sprinting. Yet the underlying mechanical alterations have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we examined the effects of different levels of normobaric hypoxia on running mechanical performance during rep...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000000937
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) is the highest metabolic rate at which blood lactate (LA) concentrations are maintained at a steady state during prolonged exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of active and passive recovery on the determination of the IAT before and after an endurance...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Dementia caregivers have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and it is possible that metabolic disturbances contribute to this risk. Regular physical exercise reduces cardiometabolic risk, but caregivers may have less opportunity to engage in such activity. We hypothesized that regular physical ac...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e6d478
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationships between physical activity, physical fitness, and coronary heart disease risk factors measured in a large community sample were evaluated. Self-reported physical activity using a single question, maximal oxygen consumption estimates derived from the Pawtucket Heart Health Step Test, blood pressure, no...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is commonly believed that exposure to cold environmental temperatures depresses immune function and increases the risk for infection. This review paper will 1) present an overview of human physiological responses to cold exposure, 2) present the human studies examining the effects of cold exposure on immune respons...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005768-200212000-00023
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Evasive sidestepping during sports commonly results in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Sidestepping in response to different simple visual stimuli has been studied previously but never investigated using quasi-game-realistic visual conditions. We compared the biomechanics of high-level and low-l...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0b013e318290c28a
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Equations are often used to predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) from submaximal or maximal exercise tests. However, no study has comprehensively compared these exercise-based equations with directly measured CRF using data from a single, large cohort. PURPOSE:This study aimed to compare the accuracy of exercise-b...
journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1249/MSS.0000000000002435
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
