Abstract：
:The effect of a single oral dose of 40 mg xipamide on urinary excretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in healthy subjects and in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment was compared with various conventional diuretics. Xipamide caused marked excretion of Na+ and Cl-, whereas the diuretic produced only moderate kaliuresis; urinary excretion of Ca2+ was increased in proportion to Na+, like the loop diuretics. Xipamide affected electrolyte excretion even in patients with a creatinine clearance below 30 ml/min, as do the loop diuretics, too. Therefore, the pharmacodynamic characteristics of xipamide are more like those of a loop diuretic than of a thiazide. Xipamide was good bioavailable, its t 1/2 beta was 7 h and urinary recovery of the undegraded drug was 40% of the given dose. In renal insufficiency, t 1/2 beta increased from 7 to only 9h, yielding a moderate increase in the AUC. Urinary recovery of the drug was reduced in proportion to the reduction in the creatinine clearance of the patient. Therefore, significant extrarenal elimination of the diuretic must be postulated, which suffices to prevent significant drug accumulation in renal failure.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Knauf H,Mutschler Edoi
10.1007/BF00542150subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-01-01 00:00:00pages
513-20issue
4eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Tolcapone is an efficacious catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, safety issues hampered its use in clinical practice. We aimed to provide evidence of safety and efficacy of tolcapone by a systematic literature review to support clinicians' choices in the use of an enlarg...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-03081-x
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Some reports have described arterial hypertension (AH) in patients treated by serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressants. The mechanism remains discussed, some authors suggesting a role of SERT (SERotonin Transporter) inhibition whereas others discus...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-02913-0
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The pharmacokinetics of orally administered immediate-release, twice-daily (BID) and modified-release, once-daily (QD) formulations of tacrolimus have high interindividual variability. We investigated factors affecting interindividual variability of tacrolimus bioavailability in renal transplant patients. METH...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-013-1514-8
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Zuojin Pill has been shown to inhibit the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 isoenzyme in vitro. In Chinese individuals, CYP 2D6*10 is the most common allele with reduced enzyme activity. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic interaction between Zuojin Pill and the sensitive CYP2D6 probe dextromethorphan ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-016-2048-7
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of sertindole. METHODS:A single 4 mg oral dose of sertindole was given to normal subjects (n = 6) and subjects with various degrees of impaired renal function (n = 18) classified into mild, moderate, and severe/hemodialysis based on their creati...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050278
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Hyperthermia occurs when heat accumulation surpasses the body's ability for heat dissipation. Many drugs may affect thermoregulation. This narrative review aimed to provide an overview of the current literature concerning reports of drug-associated non-pyrogenic hyperthermia. METHODS:A comprehensive search was...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-019-02763-5
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dose-response relationship of the new bronchodilator Clenbuterol (NAB 365, Boehringer Ingelheim) was tested in 12 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Clenbuterol is a beta-2-sympathicomimetic, from a series of substituted phenylethanolamines, and it is characterised by good absorption and prolonged act...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00563099
更新日期：1979-04-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of laboratory screening in Phase I is to exclude subjects with subclinical illness, who might be at increased risk in the study, and who might also adversely influence interpretation of the results. A new method for laboratory screening, based on Bayesian probability theory, is proposed, which consists of: 1. ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00280939
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Bosutinib is an oral, dual Src and Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia resistant or intolerant to prior TKI therapy. Bosutinib is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, suggesting drug interaction potential with...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-016-2108-z
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The concentration of flecainide in hair was measured to determine its value as an index of individual drug-taking history. METHODS:Hair samples obtained from 15 patients treated with flecainide for more than 1 month were cut into 1-cm-long portions successively from its scalp end. The concentration of flecai...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-002-0450-9
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin was studied in 6 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with a pleural effusion after administration of a single dose of 30 mg/kg i.v. infusion. The serum and pleural fluid concentrations of cefoxitin were determined microbiologically. The elimination half-life of the antibiotic from pl...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00548772
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The debrisoquine/sparteine-type polymorphism of drug oxidation and the polymorphism for acetylation are two common inherited variations in human drug metabolism. The phenotypes for hydroxylation and acetylation can be predicted be newly developed methods based on mutation-specific amplification of DNA by the polymeras...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02220616
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of tigecycline-associated hypofibrinogenaemia and study whether cefoperazone/sulbactam combined with tigecycline aggravates coagulopathy or hypofibrinogenaemia. METHODS:A retrospective case-control study of patients with severe infection who were treated with t...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-02860-w
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure-response relationship of edoxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS:Concentration data from 1,134 subjects in 11 clinical studies (eight phase I, one phase II, and two phase III) were used to p...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-014-1736-4
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on forged prescriptions in Sweden in 1982-1986 were studied as an indicator in an epidemiological survey of medication abuse. The annual number of prescription forgeries doubled during the 5-year period. Psychotropic drugs accounted for 62% and analgesics for 25% of all forgeries. Benzodiazepines were the major s...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00637747
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aims of this study were to characterise the population pharmacokinetics of oxypurinol in patients receiving haemodialysis and to compare oxypurinol exposure in dialysis and non-dialysis patients. METHODS:Oxypurinol plasma concentrations from 6 gout people receiving haemodialysis and 19 people with gout not...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-016-2133-y
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To gain insight into the experiences and handling of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by the staffs of public primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, as well as their perceptions of related adherence challenges in the treatment and follow-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-po...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-012-1254-1
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inhibitory action of azelastine hydrochloride (Azeptin) on the respiratory burst in peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) has been studied. Azeptin in vitro suppressed chemiluminescence and superoxide (O2-) generation by human PMN in a dose- and time-dependent manne...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00194963
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug binding in the interstitial fluid as well as in the plasma must be taken into account when considering the pharmacokinetics of drugs which are highly bound to plasma proteins and have a relatively small apparent volume of distribution (V). The half-life and apparent volume of distribution of such a drug can be af...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00609592
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dexmedetomidine is a novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist that may provide beneficial effects as premedication for anesthesia. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermal (TD) and intravenous (i.v.) dexmedetomidine were studied in nine healthy male subjects in a crossover trial. The TD preparation, containi...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00194403
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:It has been reported that verapamil and atorvastatin are inhibitors of both P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, and verapamil is a substrate of both P-gp and CYP3A4. Thus, it could be expected that atorvastatin would alter the absorption and metabolism of verapamil. METHODS:The pharmaco...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-007-0447-5
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine after acute and sustained oral therapy and the potential haemodynamic interaction between nifedipine and sublingual nitroglycerin in nine patients with chronic stable angina. Nifedipine pharmacokinetics after a single oral dose and sustained dosing (three times daily for ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00637629
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of phenytoin was studied in 66 epileptic Chinese children and adults. The data were analysed by the population approach, using the non-linear mixed effect model, in the MULTI (ELS) program. There was no age or gender-related effect on either the apparent maximum elimination rate (kmax) or Michaeli...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00280055
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Pharmacokinetic parameters are important for dose adjustment of aminoglycosides, but they are highly variable in neonates. In this study the pharmacokinetics of a netilmicin loading dose was investigated on the first postnatal day in preterm neonates with very low gestational age (GA). METHODS:In an open pro...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0153-8
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetic behaviour of cefadroxil was dose-dependent in healthy male volunteers following the oral administration of single doses of 5, 15, and 30 mg.kg-1. As the dose of cefadroxil increased from 5 to 15 and 30 mg.kg-1, the peak plasma concentrations, normalized to 5 mg.kg-1, decreased significantly from 15...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00265914
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics and dynamics of single doses (5 mg p.o.) of the optical isomers of acenocoumarol (R-AC and S-AC) were followed in healthy subjects and the effect on them of cimetidine 800 mg/day was also investigated. The AC enantiomers differed greatly in their pharmacokinetics. The mean residence time (MRT) of R-AC was...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00542424
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(1) Plasma protein binding of salicylate was studied in 14 patients with cutaneous hepatic porphyria (CHP) and 11 normal subjects using ultrafiltration with centrifugation (membrane cones) and continuous ultrafiltrations. (2) Albumin and haemoglobin levels were significantly reduced in patients with CHP, and salicylat...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00716368
更新日期：1978-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of AS-4370 on gastric emptying was investigated in healthy adults using 99mTc-DTPA. Single doses of AS-4370 2.5, 5 or 10 mg or placebo were administered to 12 subjects in a controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. Tests were performed twice weekly in each subject. Thirty min after administration of test ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00314963
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A randomized multicentre between-patient study comparison has been made of the efficacy and tolerability of cadralazine and prazosin, both administered for 6 weeks to hypertensive patients with a supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 95 mmHg whilst on a beta-adrenoceptor-blocker. The doses of ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00315223
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A survey among hospital staff physicians was conducted in order to evaluate their attitudes towards systemic antimicrobial agents. Direct questions about the value of different agents and choice within pairs of antimicrobial drugs, stating the reasons for the preference, were included in the questionnaire used. Gentam...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00609876
更新日期：1979-03-26 00:00:00
