Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was first described in the 1950s as a clinical syndrome of progressive cholestatic liver disease resulting from chronic inflammatory destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts. In the 1980s, the autoimmune nature of the disease was appreciated with the discovery of disease-specific loss of immune tolerance to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and subsequent development of antimitochondrial antibodies and autoreactive T cells. Then, in the 1990s, multiple clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of ursodiol as a treatment for PBC were published, although it has been clear that ursodiol is not a cure and only delays progression in some patients. RECENT FINDINGS:The study of PBC in the 2000s has been buoyed by two basic science advances: rapid sequencing technologies that have led to genome wide association studies, and elucidation of the role of nuclear hormone receptors in the regulation of bile salt metabolism, which has led to novel therapies under study for cholestatic diseases. SUMMARY:Today's clinician should be able to determine which patients with PBC are likely to progress despite treatment with ursodiol and understand the putative new bile acid and immunosuppressant treatment strategies under development, as well as be aware of the recently described genetic factors at play in the development of PBC.
journal_name
Curr Opin Gastroenteroljournal_title
Current opinion in gastroenterologyauthors
Flores A,Mayo MJdoi
10.1097/MOG.0000000000000058subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-05-01 00:00:00pages
245-52issue
3eissn
0267-1379issn
1531-7056journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ambulatory reflux monitoring is typically performed when esophageal symptoms do not respond to usual antireflux medications, or prior to invasive antireflux therapy. Although pH-based metrics have been the standard in defining esophageal reflux burden, novel impedance parameters have been introduced i...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000441
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283567f2c
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000455
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this brief review is to provide an up-to-date view of the role played by α-smooth muscle actin-positive cancer-associated fibroblastic cells in promoting intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression. RECENT FINDINGS:An increase in α-smooth muscle actin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasti...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32834405c3
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of patients with unexplained chest pain is difficult and challenging. After a cardiac etiology has been ruled out, a diligent search for an esophageal etiology-gastroesophageal reflux disease, motility abnormalities, or esophageal hypersensitivity-should be undertaken with judicious use of a diagnostic (...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-199907000-00013
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The human gut is the natural habitat for a large and dynamic bacterial community. There is a substantial body of evidence implicating the resident flora in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation. This review discusses the possible role of a microbial imbalance in the pathophysiology of in...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:According to the current paradigm, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease occur in genetically predisposed individuals because of dysregulated immune responses against intraluminal bacterial antigens. Data have recently accumulated supporting alternative hypotheses for the pathogenesis of inflammatory...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3281c55eb2
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833ea9d9
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW:In the last 2 years, several studies have been published that will change the management of patients with Barrett's esophagus. In this review, we will discuss the most relevant studies as well as future prospects in this field. RECENT FINDINGS:Long-term follow-up studies have shown that to be co...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intensive investigation into the interactions of Helicobacter pylori with the human host during the period of this review has led to several important developments in our understanding of H. pylori pathogenesis. There is direct evidence to support a central role for bacterial adhesion to host gastric epithelial Lewis ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-199901000-00012
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The 2009 review on small intestinal ion transport, in this series, focused on recent advances in duodenal bicarbonate secretion, the importance of scaffolding proteins and the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated diarrhea. The current review focuses on advances in ion-coupled solute transport, t...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283358a45
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in cellular and molecular biology of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder adenocarcinoma are providing innovative means for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancer. Similarly, refinements in noninvasive studies--including helical computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreat...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200109000-00009
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elucidation of metabolic pathways and the genetic basis for diseases of the liver continues to increase our understanding of disease pathogenesis and advance treatment options. This selective review covers a wide range of subjects, from the identification of novel proteins and the importance of specific transport ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200205000-00003
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A part of living in a new and exciting era for the biologic sciences and medicine, novel high throughput tools allow exploration of the human genome in an unprecedented manner. This "information revolution" is fueled by the study of genome-wide expression profiles for complex biologic and pathophysiologic conditions u...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200309000-00005
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an increasingly recognized clinical condition. Our objective is to provide a concise review of the advances in the past year in our understanding of AIP. RECENT FINDINGS:In a hospital survey from Japan, the prevalence of AIP was estimated at 0.82 per 100,000 individua...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32830b10d2
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Irritable bowel syndrome is a common and likely a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder in which a disturbed brain-gut axis has been thought to have a mandatory role. Recent clinical and experimental studies imply that dietary factors may be more important in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syn...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000181712.81657.0a
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Several gastrointestinal diseases including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and malignancy are associated with elevated expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1). IDO1 initiates tryptophan catabolism along a pathway that generates several bioactive kynurenine-based metabolites. Promoti...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835c9cb3
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) was introduced 13 years ago by Given Imaging (Yokneam, Israel). It has become one of the most important investigational tools of the small bowel. The capsule is swallowed with water after a 12 h fast, propelled via peristalsis through the gastrointestinal tract and...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835bdc03
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this article is to review studies that improve the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis and suggest new drug and molecular interventions. RECENT FINDINGS:Elderly patients have an indolent but aggressive disease that responds well to corticosteroid therapy. Variant syndromes are ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e328034f234
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pancreatic acinar cell is a valuable cell model for understanding how activation of plasma membrane receptors generates signals that propagate, amplify, diversify, and integrate to control cellular function. A primary signaling system involves the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins that stimulate phospholipas...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200009000-00002
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Significant advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of the complications of portal hypertension that have occurred in the last year are reported. RECENT FINDINGS:The specific areas reviewed are those that refer to experimental studies aimed at modifying the factors that lead to port...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000218962.93806.9a
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Inflammatory bowel disease commonly affects women during the childbearing years, and young couples are often concerned about the potential effects of inflammatory bowel disease on fertility, pregnancy, and the fetus. This review will critically consider advances over the past 2 years in our knowledge ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200407000-00005
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Hyperplastic polyps, once considered to have no malignant potential, are now recognized to be part of a larger group of polyps known as serrated polyps. Serrated polyps can progress to CRC through an epigenetic pathway known as CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP), characterized by hypermethylation ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000495
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Advances in our understanding of lymphoid tissue development has led to an appreciation of the variety of these structures in the intestinal mucosa. This knowledge has translated into more critical analysis of the function of mucosal lymphoid tissues and may lead to manipulation of development of thes...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f4906d
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review discusses the advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of the complications of portal hypertension that have occurred in the past year. RECENT FINDINGS:The specific topics reviewed are the pathophysiology of portal hypertension (including recent findings regarding intrah...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200405000-00010
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on recent advances and novel insights into the mechanistic events that may link commensal microbiota and host innate immunity in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation and neoplasia. Unanswered questions are discussed and future perspectives in the field are highlighted. R...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835a670e
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Over the past 15 years, great strides have been made in the nonsurgical management of malignant large bowel obstruction. Progress continues, particularly in the area of self-expanding metal stents. The purpose of this review is to assess the available endoscopic techniques for colonic decompression an...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e32831dde47
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhi is a serious public health concern, especially in industrializing countries. Here we review recent clinical and laboratory data concerning the evolution of antimicrobial resistance, with particular reference to the emergence resistance against fl...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000406
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The remarkable resistance of the mucosal lining the upper gastrointestinal tract to concentrated gastric acid remains one of the biggest unsolved mysteries of upper gastrointestinal physiology. Even with the discovery of the involvement of Helicobacter pylori in gastroduodenal injury, the mechanism by...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200311000-00003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review new advances in gastric interventional endoscopy. RECENT FINDINGS:Implementation of gastric endoscopy as a therapeutic option in obesity, gastric cancer, and gastroparesis. SUMMARY:Less invasive new gastric endoscopic procedures can potentially replace currently offered laparoscopic approa...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000397
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00