Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this article is to review studies that improve the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis and suggest new drug and molecular interventions. RECENT FINDINGS:Elderly patients have an indolent but aggressive disease that responds well to corticosteroid therapy. Variant syndromes are artificial designations that reflect uncertainties regarding the diagnostic limits of classical disease. Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated proteins and complex assays for antibodies to actin and alpha-actinin may have prognostic value. Defects in the number and function of T regulatory cells may enhance cell-mediated cytotoxicity. HLA DRB113 may be a risk factor in some North American patients, and disease outcome may be influenced by the 'dose' of alleles encoding critical residues. Screening for thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency does not predict azathioprine intolerance. Treatment until normalization of the laboratory and histological features reduces the risk of relapse by 30-50%. Adverse outcomes in pregnancy are associated with antibodies to soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas and Ro/SSA. SUMMARY:Novel serological tests may have prognostic value. Defects in the suppressor activity of regulatory T cells may promote liver injury. Genetic predispositions strongly influence disease occurrence and outcome. Laboratory and histological features should be normal prior to drug withdrawal. Azathioprine toxicities cannot be predicted.
journal_name
Curr Opin Gastroenteroljournal_title
Current opinion in gastroenterologyauthors
Czaja AJdoi
10.1097/MOG.0b013e328034f234subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-05-01 00:00:00pages
255-62issue
3eissn
0267-1379issn
1531-7056pii
00001574-200705000-00007journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Traditional anatomic pathology studies and molecular investigations both contributed to the breadth of current information in the field of liver pathology this year. Techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction can identify recurrence of hepatitis C virus infection in the liver as early as 5 days...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200105000-00002
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Virulence factors are related to the ability of a microbe to induce disease. True virulence factors must therefore have a disease association, an in-vivo correlate with disease such as increased mucosal inflammation, or both. RECENT FINDINGS:The cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island; the out...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000181711.04529.d5
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Conflicting reports in the literature have been misinterpreted by clinicians, who conclude that nutritional therapy for the hospitalized patient is of marginal value. The true benefit of such therapy is derived from the provision of early enteral nutrition. This article describes the physiologic respo...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000618
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Jaundice, the physical finding associated with hyperbilirubinemia, results when the liver is unable to properly metabolize or excrete bilirubin. The purpose of this review is to examine some of the most common causes of jaundice in adults, provide insight into the diagnostic evaluation of jaundice, an...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000354
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This report reviews recent animal model and human studies associated with inflammatory responses in acute and chronic pancreatitis. RECENT FINDINGS:Animal model and limited human acute and chronic pancreatitis studies unravel the dynamic nature of the inflammatory processes and the ability of the imm...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000195
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, much progress has been made in the field of tumor immunology. Much of this work has focused on understanding and exploiting the innate immune response to tumor cells. A novel human receptor-ligand system that mediates natural killer (NK) and gammadelta T-cell killing of carcinoma cells has been identified, a...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200111000-00015
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The introduction of novel molecular imaging modalities that can not only define disease states on the basis of structural changes and morphology, but also allow in-vivo visualization and characterization of molecular and biochemical alterations on a cellular level add a new dimension to our current di...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000120
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The remarkable resistance of the mucosal lining the upper gastrointestinal tract to concentrated gastric acid remains one of the biggest unsolved mysteries of upper gastrointestinal physiology. Even with the discovery of the involvement of Helicobacter pylori in gastroduodenal injury, the mechanism by...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200311000-00003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To outline the recommended course of action when a subepithelial lesion is encountered during upper endoscopy. It will focus on the endoscopic and endosonographic features common to gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and the optimal tests performed to confirm the diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32829fb39f
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The most relevant studies concerning the diagnosis of esophageal varices, primary and secondary prophylaxis and treatment of variceal bleeding published in the last year are reported. RECENT FINDINGS:The specific areas reviewed are those that refer to studies on the noninvasive or minimally invasive ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3281299011
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular innate immune sensors of microbes and danger signals that control multiple aspects of inflammatory responses. We review the evidence that highlights the critical importance of NLRs in the host response to intestinal pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the potent...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835a68ea
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Availability of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) that demonstrate remarkable clinical efficacy and safety has revolutionized the ability to treat chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). An equal measure of clinical success has now been achieved in persons coinfected with HCV and the HIV, a hist...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000347
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. During the past two decades it has migrated toward the gastroesophageal junction. Gastroesophageal reflux and obesity may play a role. Recent research suggests that a number of biologic and molecular differences exist in patients...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200011000-00009
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In this review article, we address emerging evidence for the medical and surgical treatment of the hospitalized patient with ulcerative colitis. RECENT FINDINGS:Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the colon and rectum. About one-fifth of patients will be hospitalized from u...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000637
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The goal is to review the most recent literature about biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with emphasis on controversial regulatory issues. RECENT FINDINGS:Although biosimilars have been in use in Europe since 2005, the recent approval of CT-P13 (Remsima, Inflectra), a biosimilar of the...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000184
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Morbid obesity is an epidemic in the United States and parts of Europe, with severe health consequences. As the number of patients undergoing bariatric surgery has increased dramatically, it is crucial for the gastroenterologist caring for these patients to have a better understanding of the procedure...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f094b5
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this article is to review recently published studies presenting novel and relevant information on small intestinal motility. RECENT FINDINGS:The reviewed studies covered a variety of topics with several themes emerging. The presentation and causes of chronic intestinal dysmotility continue...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32801424f3
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water-soluble vitamins are required as enzyme cofactors in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C are essential in redox reactions; thiamine and biotin are involved in macronutrient metabolism; and folate, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, and riboflavin play important roles in the regulation ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200303000-00003
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The importance of accurate polyp detection and removal is paramount to preventing colon cancer. Resection of large polyps can be challenging to the endoscopist based on their size, shape, or location. Large polyps have the potential of harboring malignancy and a higher risk of complications with resec...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000228
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Recently, a new class of intracellular pattern recognition receptors belonging to the family of nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors that includes NOD1, NOD2 and IPAF has been described. These proteins are involved in recognizing bacterial components or their degradation ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32801182b0
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Renal dysfunction causes significant morbidity in cirrhotic patients. Diagnosis is challenging because it is based on serum creatinine, which is used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate, which itself is not an ideal measure of renal function in patients with cirrhosis. Finding the exact ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000168
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The molecular biology revolution has led to a significant improvement in our understanding of biological and physiological processes. Such expansion of knowledge has also covered the field of intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins and is the subject of this review. RECENT FINDINGS:Impressive...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000203870.22706.52
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its subset nonalcoholic steatohepatitis represent the liver manifestations of insulin resistance. This review briefly summarizes advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its prevalence, natural history and treatment....
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32801421a9
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral hepatitis is still one of the most common causes of acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. Major advances have been made in our knowledge of these diseases, many during the past year. Molecular biology and clinical studies have improved our understanding of the mechanisms of antiviral drugs, as well as viral...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-199905000-00008
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The prevalence of allergic diseases continues to rise globally in developed countries. Since the initial proposal of the hygiene hypothesis, there has been increasing evidence to suggest that the intestinal microbiota, particularly during early infancy, plays a critical role in regulating immune respo...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283573017
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:It is now over 8 years since small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) was first introduced to the gastrointestinal community. The original capsule (Given Imaging, YoKneam, Israel) - a disposable 26 x 11 mm video capsule containing its own optical dome, light source, batteries, transmitter and antenna - is...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e328334df17
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In spite of expanding knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal inflammation, the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain obscure. The link between the environment and IBD is still circumstantial, but definite progress is occurring in defining genetic susceptibility loci...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-199907000-00003
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming increasingly utilized as a form of health care, with recent studies suggesting that over 40% of Americans use some form of CAM. This has major financial implications for the health care industry. Traditional physicians frequently are unaware of CAM use by their ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200003000-00016
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past year, numerous important papers were published on chronic pancreatitis, its causes, and its diagnosis; the cause of fibrosis; and pain in pancreatic cancer. More than 750 mutations have been described in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. Some mutations cause relatively mild reduction...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-199909000-00005
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects many patients and has a negative effect on quality of life. Along with the increasing prevalence of GERD is an increase in GERD-related complications, including Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The past year has yielded new insights into the pathophysiolog...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200207000-00009
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00