Mouth rinsing and ingesting a bitter solution improves sprint cycling performance.

abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes occurring in leukocyte levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total blood plasma antioxidant capacity (TAS) as a result of a marathon/half-marathon race. METHODS:Fourteen men participating in the Oslo Marathon 2000 and 8 women and 8 men participa...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Nielsen HG,Hagberg IA,Lyberg T

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Hiking is a recreational activity shown to offer significant positive effects on the human body. However, walking downhill and external load carriage have both been shown to increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain and injury. The use of hiking poles has been demonstrated to be successful in reducing forces...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Bohne M,Abendroth-Smith J

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Although effects of workload and cadence on sagittal plane knee biomechanics in cycling have been widely studied, few studies have examined their impact on the frontal plane. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different workloads and cadences on knee sagittal and frontal pla...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Fang Y,Fitzhugh EC,Crouter SE,Gardner JK,Zhang S

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the cardiovascular reactivity response to mental challenge of aerobically trained and untrained preadolescent boys. METHODS:Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, as well as stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, rate pressure product, and cardiac contractility response in 15 aerobically trained (...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Franks PW,Boutcher SH

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The main purpose of the present study was to measure the total oxygen consumed, accumulation of blood metabolites, and performance during alternating intensity exercise before and after a period of creatine (Cr) loading in well-trained humans. METHODS:Fourteen males were randomly assigned to two groups of seve...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Rico-Sanz J,Mendez Marco MT

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:A cyclical operational model is proposed to examine the interrelationship of a number of factors that are involved in sports injury epidemiology. In sports injury research, investigations often attempt to identify a unique risk factor that distinguishes an injured player. However, a wide variety of factors can ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Gissane C,White J,Kerr K,Jennings D

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute aerobic exercise improves mood and activates the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in physically active individuals; however, both mood and eCB responses to exercise may vary based on habitual levels of physical activity. PURPOSE:This study aimed to examine eCB and mood responses to prescribed and preferred exercise...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Brellenthin AG,Crombie KM,Hillard CJ,Koltyn KF

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:One approach to studying the effects of aging on physiological functional capacity (PFC) in humans is to analyze the peak physical performance of trained athletes with increasing age. The primary aim of the present study was to determine weightlifting and powerlifting performance with increasing age in both men...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Anton MM,Spirduso WW,Tanaka H

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:: To evaluate the initial effects of antipronation taping (APT) on foot posture and electromyographic (EMG) activity of tibialis anterior (TA), tibialis posterior (TP), and peroneus longus (PL) muscles during walking. METHODS:: Five asymptomatic individuals who exhibited lower medial longitudinal arch height o...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Franettovich M,Chapman A,Vicenzino B

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different volumes of high-intensity resistance training on isometric torque and muscle thickness. Training was conducted three times per week using one set (low volume, EX-1, N = 18) or three sets (high volume, EX-3, N = 20) of dynamic variable resistance exerc...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Starkey DB,Pollock ML,Ishida Y,Welsch MA,Brechue WF,Graves JE,Feigenbaum MS

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 19-yr-old college football player presents with a 1.5-yr history of right shoulder pain and associated easy fatigability of the right arm. The history is significant for an automobile accident 3 yr prior to presentation in which the right shoulder struck the dashboard of the car. An extensive workup proved unremarka...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Tucker AM

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Previous research identified decreased overall and cardiovascular mortality for National Football League (NFL) players from the 1959-1988 era. The present study explored the mortality risk among recent NFL players who played in an era of heavier linemen and nearly year-round physical conditioning. METHODS:This...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Lincoln AE,Vogel RA,Allen TW,Dunn RE,Alexander K,Kaufman ND,Tucker AM

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A previous study has shown that subjects who entrain breathing during cycling exhibit a lower oxygen consumption (VO2) compared with random breathing. We sought to investigate the hypothesis that entrainment of breathing during rowing improved biomechanical economy (reduced VO2) compared with spontaneous breathing. A ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Maclennan SE,Silvestri GA,Ward J,Mahler DA

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the influence of two patellofemoral braces on pain response, patellar alignment, and patellofemoral joint contact area in persons with patellofemoral pain. METHODS:Fifteen women between the ages of 18 and 45 yr with a diagnosis of patellofemoral pain participated. After the assessment of pain respon...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Powers CM,Ward SR,Chan LD,Chen YJ,Terk MR

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this project was to determine the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) among U.S. Olympic winter sport athletes. METHODS:Subjects included female and male members of the 1998 U.S. Winter Olympic Team from the following sports: biathlon, cross-country ski, figure skating, ice hockey, ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Wilber RL,Rundell KW,Szmedra L,Jenkinson DM,Im J,Drake SD

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of increased protein intake on short-term decrements in endurance performance during a block of high-intensity training. METHODS:Trained male cyclists (VO(2max) = 64.2 ± 6.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) completed two 3-wk trials both divided equally into normal ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Witard OC,Jackman SR,Kies AK,Jeukendrup AE,Tipton KD

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Similar to musician's focal dystonia, a task-specific phenomenon known as yips, has also been reported in professional athletes. Yips is usually described as focal dystonia, or choking under pressure, or as lying on a continuum between both. Based on the common occupational conditions across musicians and athle...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Ioannou CI,Klämpfl MK,Lobinger BH,Raab M,Altenmüller E

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of the sickle cell trait in a school for elite young athletes in Cameroon, West Africa, was examined in order to evaluate whether the choice of an athletic career was influenced by its presence. The presence of hemoglobin AS was found in 27 of the 145 students attending the school (18.6%). Since the fre...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Thiriet P,Lobe MM,Gweha I,Gozal D

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Cross-sectional studies suggest that training can increase muscle carnosine (MCarn), although longitudinal studies have failed to confirm this. A lack of control for dietary β-alanine intake or muscle fiber type shifting may have hampered their conclusions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate th...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： DE Salles Painelli V,Nemezio KM,Pinto AJ,Franchi M,Andrade I,Riani LA,Saunders B,Sale C,Harris RC,Gualano B,Artioli GG

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The best sprint performances are usually reached between the ages of 20 and 30 yr; however, even in well-trained individuals, performance continues to decrease with age. Although this inevitable decrease in performance has been related to reductions in muscular force, velocity, and power capabilities, these mea...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Pantoja PD,Saez DE Villarreal E,Brisswalter J,Peyré-Tartaruga LA,Morin JB

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To examine whether components of body composition (size, fat mass, and fat-free mass) were related to physical activity. METHODS:A random sample of 60 eligible sixth grade girls at each of 36 schools (six schools per region and six regions in total sample); complete measurements on 1,553 girls. Physical activi...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Lohman TG,Ring K,Schmitz KH,Treuth MS,Loftin M,Yang S,Sothern M,Going S

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the relationship between variable lower-limb coordination and shoulder joint kinetics and kinematics in the high-performance flat first serve in tennis. METHODS:Three-dimensional data describing three flat serve (FS) techniques, each executed with varying lower-limb involvement: foot-up (FU), foot-b...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Reid M,Elliott B,Alderson J

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The range of variability between individuals of the same chronological age (CA) in somatic and biological maturity is large and especially accentuated around the adolescent growth spurt. Maturity assessment is an important consideration when dealing with adolescents, from both a research perspective and youth s...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Mirwald RL,Baxter-Jones AD,Bailey DA,Beunen GP

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:During and following exercise there are a number of changes in pulmonary function, among which is a decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC). Several potential mechanisms may explain this decreased FVC, including an exercise-induced increase in thoracic blood volume. METHODS:We tested the hypothesis that altere...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Coast JR,O'Kroy JA,Akers FM 2nd,Dahl T

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In many interventions that are based on an exercise program intended to induce weight loss, the mean weight loss observed is modest and sometimes far less than what the individual expected. The individual responses are also widely variable, with some individuals losing a substantial amount of weight, others maintainin...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Melanson EL,Keadle SK,Donnelly JE,Braun B,King NA

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The effect of exercise on body mass is likely to be partially mediated through changes in appetite control. However, no studies have examined the effect of chronic exercise on obestatin and cholecystokinin (CCK) plasma concentrations or the sensitivity to detect differences in preload energy in obese individual...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Martins C,Kulseng B,Rehfeld JF,King NA,Blundell JE

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of metabolic alkalosis on muscle lactate accumulation and plasma catecholamine concentrations were studied in six highly trained subjects during short-term ergocycle exercises to exhaustion (375 W). The studies were performed after oral administration of NaHCO3 (alkalosis) and CaCO3 (placebo). There was a ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Bouissou P,Defer G,Guezennec CY,Estrade PY,Serrurier B

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined ratings of breathlessness (BRE) as a predictor of perceived exertion (RPE) during incremental cycling at power outputs of 50, 75, and 100 W. Young females (21 yr +/- 1.9) diagnosed with mild asthma (N = 25) were compared with females having normal lung function (N = 25) matched for age, VO2peak, trait anxi...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Yorio JM,Dishman RK,Forbus WR,Cureton KJ,Graham RE

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Unilateral elbow pain results in sensorimotor dysfunction that is frequently bilateral, affects local and remote upper limb muscles, and persists beyond resolution of local tendon symptoms. These characteristics suggest supraspinal involvement. Here, we investigated 1) the excitability and organization of ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Schabrun SM,Hodges PW,Vicenzino B,Jones E,Chipchase LS

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:For optimal health benefits, moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) is recommended in sustained bouts lasting ≥10 min. However, short spurts of MVPA lasting <10 min are more common in everyday life. It is unclear whether short spurts of MVPA further protect against the development of hypert...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： White DK,Gabriel KP,Kim Y,Lewis CE,Sternfeld B

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00