Abstract:
:In this study, the cohort consisted of 18,135 distribution employees with potential exposure to gasoline for at least one year at land-based terminals (n = 9,026) or on marine vessels (n = 9,109) between 1946 and 1985. The primary objective of the study was to determine the relationship, if any, between exposure to gasoline and mortality from kidney cancer or leukemia. In addition, other causes of death of secondary interest included multiple myeloma and heart diseases. The mortality of the cohort was observed through June 30, 1989. The results of this study indicated that there was no increased mortality from either kidney cancer or leukemia among marketing and marine distribution employees who were exposed to gasoline in the petroleum industry when compared to the general population. Among the land-based terminal employees, the kidney cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 65.4 (12 deaths) and leukemia SMR was 89.1 (27 deaths). For the marine cohort, the SMRs were 83.7 for kidney cancer (12 deaths) and 70.0 for leukemia (16 deaths), respectively. More importantly, based on internal comparisons, there was no association between mortality from kidney cancer or leukemia and various indices of gasoline exposure. In particular, neither duration of employment, duration of exposure, age at first exposure, year of first of exposure, job category, cumulative exposure, frequency of peak exposures, nor average intensity of exposure had any effect on kidney cancer or leukemia mortality. For acute myeloid leukemia, a nonsignificant mortality increase was found in land-based terminal employees (SMR = 150.5, 13 deaths), but no trend was detected when the data were analyzed by various gasoline exposure indices. This nonsignificant excess was limited to land-based terminal employees hired before 1948. On the other hand, a deficit of mortality from acute myeloid leukemia was observed among marine employees (SMR = 74.2, 5 deaths). For the two cohorts combined, SMR for acute myeloid leukemia was 117.1 based on 18 deaths. We did not find any relationship in our study between gasoline exposure and mortality from multiple myeloma or heart diseases. In general, we did not find any significantly increased mortality, either overall or from specific causes, associated with gasoline exposure in this study of marketing and marine distribution employees.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Wong O,Harris F,Smith TJdoi
10.1289/ehp.93101s663subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-12-01 00:00:00pages
63-76eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
101 Suppl 6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Most published environmental remediation interventions have been directed at single allergens and have employed demanding strategies; few have been performed in the homes of inner-city children disproportionately burdened by asthma. Our objective was a) to describe the allergen sensitivities, environmental tobacco smo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110939
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haloalkane toxicity originates from attack on biological targets by reactive intermediates derived from haloalkane metabolism by a hemoprotein, cytochrome P-450. Carbon-centered radicals and their peroxyl derivatives are most likely involved. The reactions of iron porphyrin--a model for cytochrome P-450--with various ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.856453
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with increased risk of various forms of cancer and of noncancerous diseases. Metabolic conversions of iAs that yield highly toxic and genotoxic methylarsonite (MAsIII) and dimethylarsinite (DMAsIII) may play a significant role in determining the extent an...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7519
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 in New York City resulted in the massive release of pulverized dust and combustion products. The dust and smoke settled in the surrounding area, which encompassed a large residential community. We hypothesized that previously normal residents in the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7375
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurobehavioral toxicology is now established as a core discipline of the environmental health sciences. Despite its recognized scientific prowess, stemming from its deep roots in psychology and neuroscience and its acknowledged successes, it faces additional demands and challenges. The latter, in fact, are a product ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s2173
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess whether the joint effects of three androgen receptor antagonists (vinclozolin, flutamide, procymidone) on male sexual differentiation after in utero and postnatal exposures can be predicted based on dose-response data of the individual chemicals. METHODS:Test chemicals and...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9360
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid development of the chemical industry, combustion of fossil fuels, and smoking of tobacco have resulted in contact of the general population with benzo(a)pyrene and other carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons. Persons especially at risk occupationally are those engaged in thermal processing of oil shale, coal, a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7930185
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::On 15-16 September 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children. The conference was convened to examine rising trends in reported incidence of childhood cancer and the association of these trends with environmental exposures. This paper summarizes ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type:
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106867
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Striking similarities have been observed in a number of extrapulmonary responses of rodents to seemingly disparate ambient pollutants. These responses are often characterized by primary decreases in important indices of cardiac and thermoregulatory function, along with secondary decreases in associated parameters. For...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s4539
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of plants and plant/microbial associations may offer a viable means of accomplishing the in situ remediation of contaminated soils. Two uses of plants for phytoremediation are reported here. In one set of studies, the ability of plants to foster degradative microorganisms was investigated. Results indic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s413
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is an occupational hazard for farmworkers and affects their children through the take-home pathway. OBJECTIVES:We examined the effectiveness of a randomized community intervention to reduce pesticide exposure among farmworkers and their children. METHODS:We condu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1289/ehp.10882
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many mutagenic heterocyclic amines (HAs) have been isolated from cooked foods and pyrolysates of amino acids and proteins, and the carcinogenicity of 10 of these HAs in rodents and of 1 in monkeys has been reported. Quantification of these carcinogenic HAs in various kinds of cooked foods indicated that the level of 2...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9399129
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess quantitatively the association between benzene and leukemia, we evaluated the rate of mortality experienced by a cohort occupationally exposed to benzene. Using data from historical air sampling surveys, we estimated the daily benzene exposure for each member of the cohort. The expected number of leukemia de...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8982189
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With this research I tested the hypothesis that individual preferences for specific ecosystem components and restorative environments are significantly associated with quality of life (QOL). A total of 379 human subjects responded to a structured 18-item questionnaire on topophilia and to the 26-item World Health Orga...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7467
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk assessment process is described with a focus on the hazard identification and dose-response components. Many of the scientific questions and uncertainties associated with these components are discussed, and the role for biomarkers and specimen banking in supporting these activities are assessed. Under hazard ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s39
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A subset of workers was followed after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furans in an occupational medicine clinic setting. Patterns of PCBs found in adipose tissue resembled the pattern seen when soot from the incident or Aroclor 1254 was examined by GC-MS. Adipose tissue also revealed levels...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560241
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a model of the distribution of noise annoyance with the mean varying as a function of the noise exposure. Day-night level (DNL) and day-evening-night level (DENL) were used as noise descriptors. Because the entire annoyance distribution has been modeled, any annoyance measure that summarizes this distributi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109409
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed data from 798 lead workers to determine whether polymorphisms in the genes encoding delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) were associated with or modified relations of lead exposure and dose measures with renal outcomes. Lea...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6116
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three to 4 million children and adolescents in the United States live within 1 mile of a federally designated Superfund hazardous waste disposal site and are at risk of exposure to chemical toxicants released from these sites into air, groundwater, surface water, and surrounding communities. Because of their patterns ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107423
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pesticides have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), but there are few data on important exposure characteristics such as dose-effect relations. It is unknown whether associations depend on clinical PD subtypes. OBJECTIVES:We examined quantitative aspects of occupational pesticide exposure associa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307970
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief overview is given of the sources, characteristics, and toxic constituents of municipal solid wastes. Several methods are presented for handling, treating, and disposal of solid wastes. Monitoring the landfill site is necessary; there has been a trend to recognize that municipal solid wastes may be hazardous an...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7827239
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Environmental heat exposure is a public health concern. The impacts of environmental heat on mortality and morbidity at the population scale are well documented, but little is known about specific exposures that individuals experience. OBJECTIVES:The first objective of this work was to catalyze discussion o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP556
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This cross-sectional study examined the association between environmental lead measurements surrounding a Los Angeles County battery recycling facility and the blood lead levels of the children living nearby. Environmental lead measurements and blood lead levels of young children living in a community adjacent to a st...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104314
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemicals, including commonly used drugs (e.g., penicillin, meprobamate, pyridium, and mercaptomerin) penetrate and persist for some time in the ovarian follicular fluid at concentrations approximately similar to that of the serum. Information as to the penetration of chemicals into the granulosa cells and into the oo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782425
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We extended our previous analyses of term low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth to 1994-2000, a period of declining air pollution levels in the South Coast Air Basin. We speculated that the effects we observed previously for carbon monoxide, particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and traffic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7751
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports the results of a comprehensive survey of the effects of the accidental release of radiation caused by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in April 1986. The accident and the resulting release of radiation and radioactive products into the atmosphere produced the most serious environm...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s2117
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a model to plan a rational strategy for cancer prevention that has two main functions--assessment and intervention. The assessment function includes three main components: to identify populations at high cancer risk, which may be due to their ethnic group, occupational and environmental exposures, family hi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s8237
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are persistent idiopathic symptoms that drive patients to seek medical care. MUPS syndromes include chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivities. When MUPS occur after an environmental exposure or injury, an adversarial social conte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s4641
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium exposure may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The only published longitudinal study on cadmium and incident cardiovascular disease was performed in American Indians with relatively high cadmium exposure. OBJECTIVES:Our aim was to examine the association between blood cadmium at baseline ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1509735
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reaction of chromium(VI) with one equivalent of ascorbate was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the presence of 0.10 M 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) at room temperature in 0.10 M (N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N'-[2-ethanesulfonic acid]) (HEPES) and 0.05 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminometh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s321
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00