Abstract:
:We extended our previous analyses of term low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth to 1994-2000, a period of declining air pollution levels in the South Coast Air Basin. We speculated that the effects we observed previously for carbon monoxide, particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and traffic density were attributable to toxins sorbed to primary exhaust particles. Focusing on CO, PM10, and particulate matter < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), we examined whether varying residential distances from monitoring stations affected risk estimates, because effect attenuation may result from local pollutant heterogeneity inadequately captured by ambient stations. We geocoded home locations, calculated the distance to the nearest air monitors, estimated exposure levels by pregnancy period, and performed logistic regression analyses for subjects living within 1-4 mi of a station. For women residing within a 1-mi distance, we observed a 27% increase in risk for high (> or = 75th percentile) first-trimester CO exposures and preterm birth and a 36% increase for high third-trimester pregnancy CO exposures and term LBW. For particles, we observed similar size effects during early and late pregnancy for both term LBW and preterm birth. In contrast, smaller or no effects were observed beyond a 1-mi distance of a residence from a station. Associations between CO and PM10 averaged over the whole pregnancy and term LBW were generally smaller than effects for early and late pregnancy. These new results for 1994-2000 generally confirm our previous observations for the period 1989-1993, again linking CO and particle exposures to term LBW and preterm birth. In addition, they confirm our suspicions about having to address local heterogeneity for these pollutants in Los Angeles.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Wilhelm M,Ritz Bdoi
10.1289/ehp.7751subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-09-01 00:00:00pages
1212-21issue
9eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Neurogenic inflammation as a pathway distinct from antigen-driven, immune-mediated inflammation may play a pivotal role in understanding a broad class of environmental health problems resulting from chemical exposures. Recent progress in understanding the mediators, triggers, and regulation of neurogenic inflammation ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101234
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief description of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) as cytogenetic endpoints for evaluation of DNA damaging agents is presented. Problems associated with the use of cytogenetic assays as population monitors of radiation and chemical exposures are discussed. Adequate cell sample size requi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8142107
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of inhaled zinc oxide/hexachloroethane smoke (11,580 mg x min/m3) and intratracheally instilled zinc chloride (2.5 mg/kg body weight) have been studied in rat lung. The effects of subsequent treatment with 70% oxygen have been studied after both procedures. Both the inhalation of the smoke and instillation...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568343
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children and their parents in residences are often protected by insecticides from nuisance and disease-bearing mosquitoes. The annual worldwide consumption of the four major types of residential insecticide products--aerosols, mosquito coils, liquid vaporizers, and vaporizing mats--is in the billions of units. Mosquit...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6177
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The three modern "faces" of mercury are our perceptions of risk from the exposure of billions of people to methyl mercury in fish, mercury vapor from amalgam tooth fillings, and ethyl mercury in the form of thimerosal added as an antiseptic to widely used vaccines. In this article I review human exposure to and the to...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s111
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data from deep uranium mines in Czechoslovakia indicated that mines are exposed to other mutagenic factors in addition to radon daughter products. Mycotoxins were identified as a possible source of mutagens in these mines. Mycotoxins were examined in 38 samples from mines and in throat swabs taken from 116 mine...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.101-1521117
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is accumulating evidence that the multistage carcinogenic process is associated with the progressive acquisition of mutations in cellular proto-oncogenes and in growth-suppressor genes. At the same time, several types of evidence indicate that nongenotoxic agents and epigenetic events also play an important role...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9193175
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Arsenicals (roxarsone and nitarsone) used in poultry production likely increase inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and roxarsone or nitarsone concentrations in poultry meat. However, the association between poultry intake and exposure to these arsenic species, ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP351
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Granular activated carbon (GAC), in the presence of dilute aqueous hypochlorite solutions typical of those used in water treatment, was converted to a reagent capable of carrying out free-radical coupling reactions and other oxidations of dilute aqueous solutions of phenols. The products included biphenyls with chlori...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866997
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a study on building-related respiratory disease and associated social impact in an office building with water incursions in the northeastern United States. An initial questionnaire had 67% participation (888/1,327). Compared with the U.S. adult population, prevalence ratios were 2.2-2.5 for wheezing, life...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7559
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Animal and epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to light at night (LAN) may disrupt circadian patterns and decrease nocturnal secretion of melatonin, which may disturb estrogen regulation, leading to increased breast cancer risk. OBJECTIVES:We examined the association between residential outdoor LAN ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP935
更新日期:2017-08-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants found in North American household products during the past four decades. These chemicals leach out in dust as products age, exposing individuals daily through inhalation and ingestion. Animal studies suggest that PBDEs disrupt sex hormones and adver...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP522
更新日期:2017-05-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Eliminating silicosis is a priority of the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization. Prevalence is particularly high in developing countries. OBJECTIVES:We describe trends in silicosis among South African gold miners who had had an autopsy between 1975 and 2007 and quantify the co...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0900918
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian respiratory tract is densely innervated by autonomic and sensory nerves around airways and blood vessels. Subsets of these nerves contain a number of putative neurotransmitter peptides, such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in sensory nerves and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568331
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), commonly used in building materials, electronics, plastics, polyurethane foams, and textiles, are health hazards found in the environment. OBJECTIVE:In this study we investigated the effects of PBDE-209, a deca-PBDE, on the regulation of growth and apoptosis of breast...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104051
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to explore the effects of chronic low-level cadmium ingestion in Dahl hypertension-resistant (R) and hypertension-sensitive (S) lines of rats. Groups of weanling female R and S rats were given 0 or 1 mg cadmium/1. in drinking water and fed either a low salt (0.4% NaCl) or a high salt (4% NaCl...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7928261
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium has been implicated as a regulatory factor in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the renal cell. Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic free calcium concentration is maintained at approximately 100 nM. Most of the releasable cell Ca2+ resides in the nonmitochondrial compartments. In ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9084155
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiological data linking air pollution and lung cancer are derived from statistical associations concerning rates of cancer among urban and rural residents, migrant studies and studies of occupational groups exposed to effluents from fossil fuel combinations. Few, if any of these studies, are adequately adjust...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.834733
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A microscopic, ultrastructural, and morphometric study was made of the gills of tench (Tinca tinca, L.) subjected to acute experimental lead nitrate poisoning. Twenty-one adult tench were subjected to poisoning and a further 22 were used as controls. Lesions were characterized by the appearance of edema and epithelial...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9089137
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adapting to extreme heat is becoming more critical as our climate changes. Previous research reveals that very few communities in the United States have programs to sufficiently prevent health problems during hot weather. OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to examine county-level local heat preparedness and response in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306693
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congress has demonstrated interest in toxic compensation legislation, but not enough agreement to make significant progress. Advocates of reform claim that the legal system is heavily weighed against victims who seek compensation through the courts. Proposed reforms include a compensation fund and a cause of action in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8562365
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A co-culture clonal survival assay was developed to measure the cytotoxicity of test chemical treatments to BALB/c-3T3 cells because the standard clonal survival assay using 200 wild type (WT) cells frequently overestimates chemical cytotoxicity when compared with identical treatment doses in high-density cultures. Th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s2311
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyze the implications for human health, the toxicologist requires four sets of data: the results of toxicity and other studies in animals; quantitative data on actual or potential human exposure; whatever information is available on effects of exposure in man; and the statistical extrapolations from the dose-res...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7932273
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects 71 million American adults and remains the leading cause of death in the United States and Europe. Despite studies that suggest that the development of CVD may be linked to intrauterine growth or early events in childhood, little direct experimental evidence supports the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800193
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groundwater contamination is a serious problem that is growing in the United States, but its true extent is not known and it is difficult to determine because of the complexities of contaminants, their transformation, and fate in groundwater systems. It is also difficult to predict their movement in groundwater. Since...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9086239
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the estrogenicity of binary mixtures of the hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OHPCBs) 2,4,6-trichloro-4'-biphenylol (2,4,6-TCB-4'-OH) and 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-4'-biphenylol and the pesticides endosulfan and dieldrin. The OHPCBs and pesticides were tested in both the MCF-7 focus assay and a competitive...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s41041
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a 1-year epidemiologic study in Boston, Massachusetts, beginning May 1997, to examine the associations between environmental factors and office workers' health. We recruited 98 subjects (81 females and 17 males) in 21 offices in four office buildings. We conducted environmental sampling every 6 weeks and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5697
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Daily adult human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been estimated at <1 µg/kg, with virtually complete first-pass conjugation in the liver in primates but not in mice. We measured unconjugated and conjugated BPA levels in serum from adult female rhesus monkeys and adult female mice after oral administration ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002514
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the statistical properties of a simple two-stage model of carcinogenesis are explored. The implications of additive treatment effects versus independent treatment effects on the shape of the dose-response curve are considered. Response that is low-dose linear results in the cases where the mutation rates are a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8776125
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rats, a single administration of acrylonitrile (vinyl cyanide) produces a rapidly occurring bilateral adrenal apoplexy. Structure-activity studies have shown that a close derivative, propionitrile (ethyl cyanide), causes duodenal ulcer without markedly affecting the adrenal glands. Prolonging the two-carbon chain o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7511135
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00