Artemisinin: current status.

abstract：:Epidemics of cholera have been frequent in southern Africa since the reintroduction of the disease to the continent in 1970. In late 1992, following a severe drought and an influx of refugees from Mozambique, cholera reappeared in Zimbabwe for the first time since 1985 and rapidly spread through the rural areas of the...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Bradley M,Shakespeare R,Ruwende A,Woolhouse ME,Mason E,Munatsi A

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The results of an autopsy study of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in 181 accident subjects in northeast Thailand are presented. The age-prevalence profiles were similar whether determined by faecal examination for parasite eggs or by recovery of worms from the liver. The prevalence increased rapidly with age and rea...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Sithithaworn P,Tesana S,Pipitgool V,Kaewkes S,Thaiklar K,Pairojkul C,Sripa B,Paupairoj A,Sanpitak P,Aranyanat C

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial flora of the upper intestine has been examined in symptomatic expatriate adults with mild tropical malabsorption, without steatorrhoea, persisting for many months after return to a western environment. Seven of the 11 patients had enterobacteria in luminal fluid or mucosal samples in numbers ranging from...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Tomkins AM,Wright SG,Drasar BS

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple radioisotope scanner was used in a study of liver diseases in The Gambia. Scans were of value in localizing areas for biopsy or aspiration and in defining the liver in the presence of gross ascites. Although the scan was not helpful in diagnosis it provided a measure of the size of filling defects during trea...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ajdukiewicz AB,Bassett N,Crawley JC

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During April-October 1992 in Zambia, 1861 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in 3 urban health centers in Lusaka and 5 district hospitals in various provinces were recruited to examine the association between HIV infection and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. 340 (18.3%) tested positive for HIV infection. H...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Oshitani H,Kasolo FC,Mpabalwani M,Mizuta K,Luo NP,Suzuki H,Numazaki Y

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A hypervariable deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probe was isolated by screening a Leishmania donovani genomic DNA library with L. donovani total DNA. The probe was used to characterize L. donovani stocks on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The molecular karyotype of the same stocks was exami...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Bishop RP,Akinsehinwa F

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was experimentally induced in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by intravenously inoculating 2 x 10(7)amastigotes/kg of body weight of Leishmania infantum. The macaques developed a systemic disease showing characteristic features of human VL such as fever, diarrhoea, body weight loss, anaemi...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Porrozzi R,Pereira MS,Teva A,Volpini AC,Pinto MA,Marchevsky RS,Barbosa AA Jr,Grimaldi G Jr

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review discusses three inter-related topics: (1) the immaturity of the neonatal and infant immune response; (2) heterologous immunity, where prior infection history with unrelated pathogens alters disease outcome resulting in either enhanced protective immunity or increased immunopathology to new infections, and ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Gil A,Kenney LL,Mishra R,Watkin LB,Aslan N,Selin LK

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Young African children with severe malaria are given quinine using a regimen designed for Thai adults. We measured quinine in the blood, plasma and plasma water of young children in Kenya after rapid intravenous and intramuscular dosing, and calculated the therapeutic range of unbound quinine. The peak plasma quinine ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Winstanley P,Newton C,Watkins W,Mberu E,Ward S,Warn P,Mwangi I,Waruiru C,Pasvol G,Warrell D

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The nematode Strongyloides stercoralis has a very particular autoinfection life-cycle which leads to chronic infections remaining undetected for decades. However, hyperinfection can occur in patients receiving immunotherapy resulting in high mortality rates. The main objective of this study was to assess the...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Valerio L,Roure S,Fernández-Rivas G,Basile L,Martínez-Cuevas O,Ballesteros ÁL,Ramos X,Sabrià M,North Metropolitan Working Group on Imported Diseases.

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present paper records the incidence of chancroid in northern Nigeria. Out of 776 new patients registered at the Special Treatment Clinic (STC) of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria during February to August 1982, 34 cases (4.38%) were diagnosed as chancroid. Direct smear examination for Ha...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Joshi RM,Lawande RV

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:34 patients with tetanus were studied; all had normal serum proteins and albumin. Only 3 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained cells (a few polymorphonuclear leucocytes). Protein levels in the CSF were elevated in 26 patients (76.5%); 11 cases with clinically mild tetanus had a mean CSF protein of 400 +/- 250...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Idoko JA,Amiobonomo AE,Anjorin FI,Oyeyinka GO,Elechi C

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a 'blinded' trial (in Sri Lanka, 1996-98) of 47 male asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects with Wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and filaricidal efficacy of 3 single-dose combination regimens were compared: albendazole 400 mg with ivermectin 200 micrograms/kg, albendazole 400 mg with diethyl...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ismail MM,Jayakody RL,Weil GJ,Fernando D,De Silva MS,De Silva GA,Balasooriya WK

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The avidin-biotin immunohistochemical (ABC) method was applied to the diagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease in patients from the hyperendemic region of western Alaska. The test was specific for larval cestodes of the genus Echinococcus, and exhibited high sensitivity. A negative reaction was obtained in all cases in w...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Condon J,Rausch RL,Wilson JF

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infantile visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was first reported from north Pakistan over 3 decades age in the remote valleys of the western Himalayas. These foci were reported as being completely devoid of domestic dogs. The later emergence of sporadic cases of infantile VL in the sub-Himalayan region of the country, where d...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Rab MA,Frame IA,Evans DA

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequency, intensity and clinical features of onchocerciasis in the two ethnic groups (Blacks and Chachilla--an indigenous tribe) in the endemic foci of the disease in Esmeraldas province (Ecuador) were evaluated. The incidence of infection and intensity of the disease seen in both groups were directly related to ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Molea J,Guderian RH,Proaño R,Carrillo R,Swanson WL

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allopurinol and allopurinol ribonucleoside tested in vitro and in vivo for activity against Leishmania donovani. Activity in vitro was low against the amastigote form of this parasite with ED50 values of the order of 54 and 96 microM and 86 and 213 microM respectively for the two compounds. In vivo inhibition of up to...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Neal RA,Croft SL,Nelson DJ

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The haemolymph of Panstrongylus megistus, infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, was examined by light and electron microscopy. Numerous parasites lie inside the haemocytes, each one in a vacuole. Their well-preserved morphological features support the concept of parasite multiplication in cells of the insect haemolymph. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Lacombe D,Barth OM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new antihookworm compound, C.9333 Go./CGP 4540, was evaluated clinically in 65 adult patients with hookworm infection. Several dosage schedules were evaluated to determine an effective, well tolerated and convenient regime. The lowest effective dose was 125 mg administered at four-hourly intervals for three doses. T...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Vakil BJ,Dalal NJ,Shah PN

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a disfiguring parasitic disease and one of the leading causes of disability in the world. This study aimed to assess the severity of lymphoedema, the physical restrictions and socio-economic impact on affected individuals living in an endemic community in Malawi. METHODS:In a si...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Martindale S,Mkwanda SZ,Smith E,Molyneux D,Stanton MC,Kelly-Hope LA

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:To date, there is no consensus on ideal ways to measure antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence in resource limited settings. This study aimed to identify markers of poor adherence to ART. Methods:Retrospective data of HIV-positive ART-naïve adults initiating standard first-line ART at Themba Lethu Clinic,...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Nnambalirwa M,Govathson C,Evans D,McNamara L,Maskew M,Nyasulu P

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An attempt was made to estimate the prevalence of hydatid disease in nomadic pastoralists living in eastern Africa and to identify environmental, cultural and behavioural factors which may influence Echinococcus transmission. 18,565 nomadic pastoralists, from 12 different groups living in the vast, semi-desert regions...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Macpherson CN,Spoerry A,Zeyhle E,Romig T,Gorfe M

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole are recommended to interrupt transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti, little is known about the macrofilaricidal effect of this drug combination. Forty-seven men with W. bancrofti infection were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of either DEC alone (6 mg/kg) (n=2...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Dreyer G,Addiss D,Williamson J,Norões J

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The natural host of Plasmodium knowlesi is the kra monkey, Macaca fascicularis, but this parasite, initially mistaken for P. malariae, is now infecting humans in some areas of Southeast Asia. Here we present data from experiments performed in the 1970s in which sera from a few naive M. fascicularis, taken in the cours...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Butcher GA,Mitchell GH,Cohen S

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from six locations in different bioclimatic zones and habitats of Senegal was assessed for sylvatic (ArD 140875) and epidemic (ArA 6894) dengue 2 virus (DENV-2) isolates. F1 generation mosquitoes were fed with a blood meal containing 10(6.5) and 1.6 x 10(7) tissue culture...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Diallo M,Ba Y,Faye O,Soumare ML,Dia I,Sall AA

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The WHO's new End TB Strategy 2016-2035 has evolved from previous global strategies to respond to old and new challenges and take advantage of new opportunities. It frames the global fight against TB as a development, social justice and human rights issue, while re-emphasizing the public health and clinical fundaments...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Lönnroth K,Raviglione M

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The strain diversity of 100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates collected over a period of 18 months from tuberculosis (TB) cases in Sri Lanka was studied by spoligotyping. When compared to the international spoligotyping database, 43 spoligotype patterns were identified, of which 20 were previously described. The maj...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Rajapaksa US,Victor TC,Perera AJ,Warren RM,Senevirathne SM

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High attack rates, increasing resistance to antibiotics and high mortality make shigellosis a serious problem. As Shigella is associated with poor hygiene we examined the effectiveness of a simple intervention, washing hands with soap and water, in checking the spread of the disease. The study population was comprised...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Khan MU

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early identification of patients at risk of severe dengue disease (DD) is critical to guide its management. We evaluated whether the atypical lymphocyte count (ALC), generated from the Sysmex automated full blood count analyzer, is predictive of severe thrombocytopenia secondary to Dengue infection. METHODS...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Abeysuriya V,Choong CSH,Thilakawardana BU,de Mel P,Shalindi M,de Mel C,Chandrasena L,Seneviratne SL,Yip C,Yap ES,de Mel S

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown previously that baboons (Papio anubis) develop high levels (greater than 80%) of protection against challenge infection following immunization with Schistosoma haematobium cercariae irradiated with 20 krad. In the present study baboons were immunized with schistosomula irradiated with either 20 krad or 6...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Harrison RA,Bickle QD,Kiare S,James ER,Andrews BJ,Sturrock RF,Taylor MG,Webbe G

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00