Antimicrobial effects of virgin coconut oil and its medium-chain fatty acids on Clostridium difficile.

Abstract:

:Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide; in addition, the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant C. difficile is becoming a significant problem. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been shown previously to have the antimicrobial activity. This study evaluates the lipid components of VCO for the control of C. difficile. VCO and its most active individual fatty acids were tested to evaluate their antimicrobial effect on C. difficile in vitro. The data indicate that exposure to lauric acid (C12) was the most inhibitory to growth (P<.001), as determined by a reduction in colony-forming units per milliliter. Capric acid (C10) and caprylic acid (C8) were inhibitory to growth, but to a lesser degree. VCO did not inhibit the growth of C. difficile; however, growth was inhibited when bacterial cells were exposed to 0.15-1.2% lipolyzed coconut oil. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the disruption of both the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of cells exposed to 2 mg/mL of lauric acid. Changes in bacterial cell membrane integrity were additionally confirmed for VCO and select fatty acids using Live/Dead staining. This study demonstrates the growth inhibition of C. difficile mediated by medium-chain fatty acids derived from VCO.

journal_name

J Med Food

authors

Shilling M,Matt L,Rubin E,Visitacion MP,Haller NA,Grey SF,Woolverton CJ

doi

10.1089/jmf.2012.0303

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1079-85

issue

12

eissn

1096-620X

issn

1557-7600

journal_volume

16

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Ferulic acid suppresses glutamate release through inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium entry in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals.

    abstract::This study investigated the effects and possible mechanism of ferulic acid, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, on endogenous glutamate release in the nerve terminals of the cerebral cortex in rats. Results show that ferulic acid inhibited the release of glutamate evoked by the K⁺ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine ...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2012.2387

    authors: Lin TY,Lu CW,Huang SK,Wang SJ

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Antiobesity activity of aqueous extracts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Tokoronis on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

    abstract::We examined the effects of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Tokoronis extracts (RDTEs) on plasma lipids, body weight, and lipogenic enzymes. Mice were administered a standard chow diet, a 60% high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet with RDTE. Mice that were fed a high-fat diet containing RDTE were found to have lower increases in body an...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.1010

    authors: Song MY,Lv N,Kim EK,Kwon KS,Yoo YB,Kim JH,Lee SW,Song JH,Lee JH,Lee SK,Shin BC,Ryu DG,Park BH,Kwon KB

    更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00

  • Intravenous and intrapulmonary administration of honey solution to healthy sheep: effects on blood sugar, renal and liver function tests, bone marrow function, lipid profile, and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.

    abstract::Safety of intravenous (i.v.) or intrapulmonary administration of different concentrations of honey and their effects on blood sugar, renal and liver function tests, bone marrow function, lipid profile, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver damage were studied. Healthy sheep of either sex, 6-8 months old, wer...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/10966200360716652

    authors: Al-Waili NS

    更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of production batches of antibiotics on in vitro selection criterion for potential probiotic candidates.

    abstract::Fifty-four potential probiotic candidates were assayed for their phenotypic susceptibility to two batches of antibiotics manufactured by the same company, using the agar disc diffusion method on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. Cloxacillin was generally resisted (40.0-100%), while gentamicin (3.85-20.0%) was the...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.0011

    authors: Ogunshe AA

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Gustatory Evaluation of Still and Carbonated Waters: A Preference Rating Study.

    abstract::We studied the sensory preference for six still waters and four carbonated waters, nonflavored, by 11 tasting experts (4 women and 7 men). Five tasters rated the still waters, four tasters rated the carbonated water, and seven tasters rated twice on each of the still waters when evaluated with a dry red wine. All rati...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/109662001753165747

    authors: Fong DY,Halpern GM,Wan V

    更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00

  • Glycoproteins and Polysaccharides are the Main Class of Active Constituents Required for Lymphocyte Stimulation and Antigen-Specific Immune Response Induction by Traditional Medicinal Herbal Plants.

    abstract::Traditional herbal remedies stimulate and modulate the immune system, and it is thought that their glycoproteins and polysaccharides are responsible for this activity. We prepared crude water, protein, and polysaccharide extracts from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, Helianthus annuus L., Scutellaria barbata D. Don, a...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2017.3943

    authors: Son YO,Kook SH,Lee JC

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract in neurasthenia.

    abstract::Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used to treat various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurasthenia in many Asian countries. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a polysaccharide extract of G. lucidum (Ganopoly) in Chinese patients ...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2005.8.53

    authors: Tang W,Gao Y,Chen G,Gao H,Dai X,Ye J,Chan E,Huang M,Zhou S

    更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00

  • Crepidiastrum denticulatum extract protects the liver against chronic alcohol-induced damage and fat accumulation in rats.

    abstract::Alcohol is a severe hepatotoxicant that causes liver abnormalities such as steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma. Crepidiastrum denticulatum (CD) is a well-known, traditionally consumed vegetable in Korea, which was recently reported to have bioactive compounds with detoxification and antioxidant properties. In th...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2013.2799

    authors: Yoo JH,Kang K,Yun JH,Kim MA,Nho CW

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Supplementation with soybean peptides, taurine, Pueraria isoflavone, and ginseng saponin complex improves endurance exercise capacity in humans.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a proprietary blend of soybean peptides, taurine, Pueraria isoflavone, and ginseng saponin complex (STPG capsule) on exercise performance in humans. Fourteen male volunteers were randomly assigned to two crossover treatments in which they consumed either four...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2010.1096

    authors: Yeh TS,Chan KH,Hsu MC,Liu JF

    更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00

  • Dose-response of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipid profile and tolerability in mildly hypertriglyceridemic subjects.

    abstract::The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to reduce risk for coronary heart disease partly by altering blood lipids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low doses of n-3 PUFAs on the lipid profile and their tolerability in mildly hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Subjects with a serum tri...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.1250

    authors: Park Y,Harris WS

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Antioxidant effect of Hemidesmus indicus on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

    abstract::The antioxidant effect of the ethanolic root extract of Hemidesmus indicus, an indigenous Ayurvedic medicinal plant used in soft drinks in India, was studied in rats with ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Administering 20% ethanol (5 g/kg of body weight/day) for 60 days to male Wistar rats resulted in significantly decr...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.110

    authors: Saravanan N,Nalini N

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • Fermented Rice Germ Extract Alleviates Morphological and Functional Damage to Murine Gastrocnemius Muscle by Inactivation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase.

    abstract::Sarcopenia, loss of muscle mass and function, is mainly observed in elderly people. In this study, we investigated whether fermented rice germ extract (FRGE) has some effects on the mouse gastrocnemius muscle by using behavioral and morphological analyses, Western blotting, and a murine model of immobilization-induced...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2016.3906

    authors: Tanaka M,Yoshino Y,Takeda S,Toda K,Shimoda H,Tsuruma K,Shimazawa M,Hara H

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Flaxseed-derived enterolactone is inversely associated with tumor cell proliferation in men with localized prostate cancer.

    abstract::Enterolactone and enterodiol, mammalian lignans derived from dietary sources such as flaxseed, sesame seeds, kale, broccoli, and apricots, may impede tumor proliferation by inhibiting activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined the associations between urinary...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2012.0159

    authors: Azrad M,Vollmer RT,Madden J,Dewhirst M,Polascik TJ,Snyder DC,Ruffin MT,Moul JW,Brenner DE,Demark-Wahnefried W

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of pro-angiogenic factors by a lipid-rich shark extract.

    abstract::This study aimed to determine whether a shark muscle oil-olive oil mixture influences activators of human angiogenesis. The mixture completely abolished the stimulation induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2, transforming growth factor-beta, and platelet-derived growth factor....

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2006.9.300

    authors: Yuan L,Yoshida M,Davis PF

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of Daily Consumption of Orange Juice on the Levels of Blood Glucose, Lipids, and Gut Microbiota Metabolites: Controlled Clinical Trials.

    abstract::Ingestion of bioactive compounds, such as hesperidin and naringin, found in citrus fruits and orange juice, can improve the homeostasis of gut microbiota. A controlled clinical study with temporal series intergroup design with 10 apparently healthy women (28.5 ± 8.4 years, 24.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2) were evaluated after contin...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2018.0080

    authors: Lima ACD,Cecatti C,Fidélix MP,Adorno MAT,Sakamoto IK,Cesar TB,Sivieri K

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • No Synergistic Effect of Silibinin and Morin in a Kainic Acid-Induced Epileptic Mouse Model.

    abstract::Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of localization-related epilepsy, with the highest prevalence rate in adulthood. Recently, we reported the beneficial effects of the individual treatment with flavonoids such as silibinin and morin in kainic acid (KA)-treated mouse model for TLE. In this study, we i...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2019.4522

    authors: Hong J,Lee JM,Yoon D,Jung UJ,Kim SR

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Isoflavones prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated neuronal degeneration by inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells.

    abstract::Several studies have demonstrated a protective effect of estrogen against the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases; however, the molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully addressed. Isoflavones have been proposed as potential alternatives to estrogen replacement therapy. Therefore, in the present stud...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.1069

    authors: Park YJ,Jang YM,Kwon YH

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Toward a Scientific Nutritional Supplement Combination for Prostatism and Erectile Dysfunction I: From Known Pharmacology to Clinical Testing.

    abstract::Prostatism and erectile dysfunction (ED) are highly prevalent and closely comorbid. Prescription treatments are limitingly expensive but robust in mechanisms of action (MoA). Nutritional supplements (NS) are low-cost but inadequately supported by evidence. Do any NS use robust MoA? Could their efficacy be amplified vi...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2018.0148

    authors: Pyke RE

    更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00

  • 7-epiclusianone, the natural prenylated benzophenone, inhibits superoxide anions in the neutrophil respiratory burst.

    abstract::Despite defenses by polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the host against invading agents, overproduction of oxidant species by phagocytes can lead to damage in the surrounding tissues. Several benzophenones have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. The effect of the natural benzophenone 7-epiclusianone iso...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2011.0043

    authors: Santa-Cecília FV,Santos GB,Fuzissaki CN,Derogis PB,Freitas LA,Gontijo VS,Stringheta PC,Nagem TJ,Brigagão MR,Santos MH

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Bioactive compounds and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Korean white lotus cultivars.

    abstract::In traditional Korean medicine, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) roots have been used as an antidiabetic and an antiproliferative remedy. However, scientific publications on lotus properties are very limited. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the Korean white lotus cultivars in order to find out their bioactivit...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2009.0018

    authors: Park YS,Towantakavanit K,Kowalska T,Jung ST,Ham KS,Heo BG,Cho JY,Yun JG,Kim HJ,Gorinstein S

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) on decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators in sow osteoarthrotic cartilage explants.

    abstract::The herbal remedy Zingiber officinale (ginger root) has been used for perhaps thousands of years in the Far East to treat inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis. However, the anti-arthritic effect of ginger root has never been evaluated on osteoarthrotic cartilage of sow. The objective of this study was to in...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/109662003772519877

    authors: Shen CL,Hong KJ,Kim SW

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of supplementation of traditional medicinal plants on blood glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetics: a pilot study.

    abstract::The effect of supplementation of a powdered mixture of three traditional medicinal plants-bittergourd, jamun seeds, and fenugreek seeds-in raw and cooked form on blood glucose was studied in 60 non-insulin-dependent male diabetics. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each. The patients of group I were give...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2005.8.545

    authors: Kochhar A,Nagi M

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Phenolic compounds and biological activity of Kitaibelia vitifolia.

    abstract::This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity and efficacy of the ethanolic extract of the endemic plant species Kitaibelia vitifolia in inhibiting the growth of selected fungi and bacteria. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the broth dilution procedure for determination of minimum inhibitory conce...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2011.0013

    authors: Mašković P,Solujić S,Mihailović V,Mladenović M,Cvijović M,Mladenović J,Aćamović-Đoković G,Kurćubić V

    更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00

  • Liquid chromatography: mass spectrometry of isoflavones.

    abstract::High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE) is particularly suited to the separation and analysis of a wide range of biological compounds. When investigating such compounds in complex matrices (e.g., blood, tissue, urine, foods), specificity of the detection method becomes an import...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.1999.2.111

    authors: Barnes S,Wang CC,Smith-Johnson M,Kirk M

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • The Effects of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on Emotional Behavior Impairment and Metabolic Disorders Induced by Estrogen Deficiency in Rats.

    abstract::Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) contains a wide variety of polyphenols with high antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extract of carob pods (AECP) on emotional behavior impairments and metabolic disorders in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female Wistar rats were assigned to three grou...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2019.0187

    authors: Ammari M,Othman H,Rtibi K,Sakly M,Abdelmelek H

    更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00

  • Review of Clinical Effects and Presumed Mechanism of Action of the French Oak Wood Extract Robuvit.

    abstract::Since ancient times, oak wood polyphenols are consumed concomitantly with beverages that are stored and aged in oak wood barrels. Among these polyphenols are roburins, which belong to the class of ellagitannins and only occur in oak. To date, water-extracted standardized French Quercus robur wood extract, commercially...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2020.0165

    authors: Weichmann F,Avaltroni F,Burki C

    更新日期:2021-01-28 00:00:00

  • Stability of lycopene during food processing and storage.

    abstract::With an increasing understanding of the health benefit of lycopene, how to preserve lycopene during food processing and storage has caused much attention. Lycopene belongs to the carotenoid family and mostly exists in nature as the all-trans form. Heat, light, oxygen, and different food matrices are factors that have ...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2005.8.413

    authors: Xianquan S,Shi J,Kakuda Y,Yueming J

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Genes related to suppression of malignant phenotype induced by Maitake D-Fraction in breast cancer cells.

    abstract::It is already known that the Maitake (D-Fraction) mushroom is involved in stimulating the immune system and activating certain cells that attack cancer, including macrophages, T-cells, and natural killer cells. According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute, polysaccharide complexes present in Maitake mushrooms appea...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2012.0222

    authors: Alonso EN,Orozco M,Eloy Nieto A,Balogh GA

    更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00

  • The effects of wild blueberry consumption on plasma markers and gene expression related to glucose metabolism in the obese Zucker rat.

    abstract::Impaired fasting blood glucose is one of the landmark signs of metabolic syndrome, together with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and a chronic proinflammatory, pro-oxidative, and prothrombotic environment. This study investigates the effect of wild blueberry (WB) consumption on blood glucose levels and o...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.0065

    authors: Vendrame S,Zhao A,Merrow T,Klimis-Zacas D

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Korean Red Ginseng Regulates Intestinal Tight Junction and Inflammation in the Colon of a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model.

    abstract::Recent studies have determined that gastrointestinal function contributes to the control of Parkinson's disease (PD). Gastrointestinal dysfunction results in a leaky intestinal barrier, inducing inflammation in the gut. Korean red ginseng (KRG) is widely used for the treatment of numerous afflictions, including inflam...

    journal_title:Journal of medicinal food

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/jmf.2019.4640

    authors: Jeon H,Kim HY,Bae CH,Lee Y,Kim S

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00