Abstract:
:Human rights, an issue of political debates in the last decades, listed in the United Nations Declaration of 1946 are rooted in the humanistic tradition of philosophy and religion. The UN declared their universal character and made state organizations responsible for their observation. Among all human rights that for freedom is usually perceived as crucial. Psychiatry developed in Europe primarily a caring function. The medical model developed in psychiatry through the 19th c. supplied the criteria for medical diagnosis of mental disturbance, and elaborated a system of treatment which included long term hospitalization. Medicalization of psychiatry (recently coming back) is a force which gives courage to those who suffer, to their families, and to professionals as well. This power however, can be easily abused, when a psychiatrist adopts a position of someone who knows better that which is good for his/her patient. Legal regulations of the circumstances of psychiatric treatment, especially treatment against the patient's will should prevent the abuse of the mentally disturbed person's right for freedom. The goal is usually achieved by clear description of clinical and other conditions under which a person can be committed, and by establishing the committed person's right to claim the decision to be unjust. Poland is a country without legal regulation in the area of mental health (there are only administrative acts). For more than sixty years several projects on mental health law have been worked on. The last one which came to the Sejm (parliament) in 1980 was withdrawn by the "Solidarity" Trade Union. At present, the membership of Poland in international organizations makes an introduction of mental health law an obligation. Having no legal regulation, Polish psychiatry has been a self-regulating system. It is worth to note that even in the hard Stalinist period (1947-1956) there was no abuse of psychiatry for political reasons. The main reason for Polish psychiatry staying free from political abuse is seen in the role of internalized norm of human dignity. But others should also be taken into account. It was a specificity of the political situation that the ruling powers did not insist that psychiatrists cooperate. On the other hand the integration of the Polish psychiatric community was helpful in observing the rule of non-collaboration. One of the most important factors is seen as the experience and memory of NAZI crimes in the field of psychiatry in Poland. Extermination of psychiatric patients had to leave the feeling of the importance of psychiatrist's own responsibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
Psychiatr Poljournal_title
Psychiatria polskaauthors
Bomba Jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-05-01 00:00:00pages
225-38issue
3eissn
0033-2674issn
2391-5854journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The author discusses the metabolism of disulfiram and the enzymes which metabolize ethanol. The restraining of the activity of ALDH in the liver by disulfiram causes an accumulation of acetaldehyde which in their turn cause a series of psychophysical symptoms which are unpleasant and in some instances dangerous for th...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author discusses the present state and needs of psychogeriatry in Poland. He considers the situation within the period of 33 years, which, in his opinion, has not been distinctly improved in spite of growth of old age disorders and various psycho-social threats connected with economical difficulties. The author di...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper presents the objectives and design of an ongoing multicenter randomized, controlled trial EDEN (European Day Hospital EvaluatioN). The EDEN-study aims to evaluate the efficacy of acute psychiatric treatment in a day hospital setting in five European centres: Dresden, London, Michalovce, Prague and Wroclaw. T...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Construction of a questionnaire describing personality traits connected to the occurrence and persistence of neurotic disorders. METHOD:Responses of 794 patients (before treatment) and 520 persons from the control group on items of the constructed personality questionnaire and the symptom checklist "0". Analyses o...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Analyzing the indices that allow to improve population health by, for example, improving the quality of healthcare services and increasing accessibility to these services is among the priorities of the World Health Organization (WHO). This is of particular importance in Poland, as the psychiatric care reform...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/92219
更新日期:2019-12-31 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Qualitative analysis of acute psychiatric patients' subjective opinions on the conditions and effects of their hospital treatment. Presentation of patients' expectations in this respect and the follow up of the opinion changes taking place during hospital stay. METHOD:Patients' opinions were obtained in open quest...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Second generation antipsychotics share some similarities but display also differences in their action. The pharmacological profile as well as the clinical efficacy and tolerability of these drugs currently on the market in Poland have been described. The analysis of their properties reveals distinct differences betwee...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the inauguration speech of the Congress stages of the path taken by the Polish Psychiatric Society were described in short: 1--The period from its establishment till 1939; 2--Tragic years of the war, 1939-1945, with extermination of ca. 20,000 patients and many psychiatrists; 3--Reconstruction after the war, accomp...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cloze procedure was used to examine: predictability in speech samples from schizophrenics and their mothers as well as their ability to gain from the redundancy of language. Schizophrenic patients were found to be less predictable than normals, both schizophrenics and their mothers were less able to make use of th...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The study was aimed at finding relationships between self-concept, alcohol expectancies and drinking in the group of high school students. It was expected that a higher level of alcohol consumption was related to lower self-concept and positive expectancies concerning alcohol use. METHOD:The group of 229 Polish hi...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monitored treatment of a depressed phase of unipolar affective disorder was conducted in 11 female patients receiving imipramine and in 12 females taking amitriptyline. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the drug and in 6 patients the drugs were switched because of the lack of response to the first used compoun...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of analyzed clinical material several observations were attempted which were related to the patients' awareness of one's own affective psychosis. It was discovered that patients with endogenous depression considered themselves to be ill, but only in relation to depression. They usually do not perceive in ...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A polish translation and the description of the clinical use of the novel screening tool in Alzheimer's disease, a "7 Minute Screen", is presented. ...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phototherapy was administered to three female outpatients with seasonal affective disorder (winter depression), according to the DSM III-R criteria. The intensity of light was about 2.500 lux in two, and 1.500 lux in one cases at the eyes level. The treatment has shown to be very effective. Antidepressant response was...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we review previous research, suggesting a link between depressive symptoms and poor prognosis in cancer patients. The possibility, to identify an association between depressed mood and poorer outcomes and survival in haematological malignancies seems to be very interesting. We shortly describe acute leuk...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors of this article on the basis "Uber die Klassifikation der Psychosen" analysis present the method of mental disorders' classification proposed by Carl Wernicke in 1899. Wernicke's classification was an alternative for other classification concepts existing in the 19th century. Carl Wernicke as one of the fi...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the period from 1970 till 1987 forensic psychiatric certification of 1333 delinquents war made in Regional Psychiatric Hospital in Cibórz. Forty experts (3%) regarded subjects aged 60 years or more. The most common crimes were those against life and health--62.5%; predominantly homicides, assaults and assaults on p...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The author examined psychiatrically a group of 106 patients with difficult asthma and 100 patients with aspirin-induced asthma. The special interest of the study were links between defence mechanisms used by women and men from both groups and severity of their panic and depressive symptoms. METHODS:106 consecutive...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is estimated to be 3-7.5% in men and 2-3% in women. In mentally ill population it is even higher, as these patients are a high risk OSA group. The aim of the paper was a review of literature about the prevalence of sleep apnoea in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar di...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.12740/PP/32566
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical documentation of 674 elderly patients of gerontopsychiatric department was studied in order to estimate the frequency of physical aggression in relation to sex, diagnosis of dementia and other psychiatric disorders. This form of aggression was found significantly more often in men (52%) than in women (32%). Th...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was proposed that the repetitive rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induces the functional and structural changes analogous to those which are evoked during the electroconvulsive treatment. Presently, we compared the effects of 8 daily treatments with TMS (t = 5 min, B = 0.1 T, trise = 200 microseco...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:A pair of auditory stimuli presented in a 0.5 second interval cause a reduction of the P50 auditory evoked potential (P50 AEP) amplitude after the second stimuli in the pair. In some, but not all studies, a clear deficit of such P50 AEP gating was observed in schizophrenic patients. It was present constantly...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the work was to establish the usefulness of alcoholism scales enclosed in MMPI for the evaluation of risk of alcohol dependence among college students. The results of 1255 college students from different schools and various years of studium were reviewed. The risk of alcohol dependence was established by an...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the article the author would like to draw the readers' attention to one of the central issues of psychoanalysis, i.e. Oedipus complex. In the development of the psychoanalysis the classical conception of Oedipus complex presented by Freud gave rise to a severe criticism both on the part of some psychoanalysts, espe...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:There are patients with neuropathic pain in whom the treatment is ineffective, despite the fact that is conducted with adherence to the current guidelines. In these patients alternative treatment methods such as hypnosis could be effective. METHODS:The paper presents a case of a 58-year-old man with central...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type:
doi:10.12740/PP/40066
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The difficulties in social functioning of the mentally ill are widely documented in specialist literature. The social affects addressed to the mentally disabled are an attempt to overcome this particular disability. The aim of the presented research is the characterization of the social group participating in a com...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review is to give useful information to guide clinicians when treating pregnant women affected by bipolar disorder. This review focuses on mood stabilizers including lithium, sodium valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine and topiramate. Data have been extracted from a MEDL...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.12740/pp/25834
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the study the prevalence of Alzheimer's type dementia and vascular dementia in the town of Swiebodzin and its surroundings was assessed. Also, the frequency of risk factors of vascular diseases for both types of dementia was evaluated. The study group comprised 7417 persons (45 years old and above). This population...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of effects of amitriptyline, imipramine, maprotiline, mianserin , clomipramine and citalopram was performed in 84 patients (49 females and 35 males) age on average 40 years with diagnosis of affective psychosis treated in the Department of Psychiatry Medical School of Szczecin. Antidepressants independently...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper presents the results of studies on the present state of mental health in persons persecuted for political reasons in Poland in the years 1944-1955. Symptoms of mental disturbances were detected in nearly all examined group. PTSD criteria were applied in the diagnosis. ...
journal_title:Psychiatria polska
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00