Abstract:
:Male reproduction has been given little attention in science and in medical practice. However, a recent metaanalysis on semen quality, which clearly pointed to a decrease over the past 50 years, has been repeatedly quoted. Three recent reports have found that semen quality has declined among candidate semen donors during the past 20 years. The evidence of decline in the quality of semen is not the only indicator that the human testis is at risk. During the past 50 years, cancer of the testis has also become more common. This is a disorder of young men, and it is associated with a high rate of other abnormalities of the testis including undescended testis and poor semen quality. Furthermore, the incidence of both hypospadias and undescended testis has been reported to be rising in the general population. We believe that the evidence of declining semen quality should be seen in the light of these trends in other reproductive disorders of men. However, the etiology is unknown. A recent hypothesis that links the trends in the health of the male reproductive system to xenoestrogens in the environment is discussed.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Carlsen E,Giwercman A,Keiding N,Skakkebaek NEdoi
10.1289/ehp.95103s7137subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-10-01 00:00:00pages
137-9eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
103 Suppl 7pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Large quantities of food processing, crop, forestry, and animal solid wastes are generated in the United States each year. The major components of these wastes are biodegradable. However, they also contain components such as nitrogen, human and animal pathogens, medicinals, feed additives, salts, and certain metals, t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7827261
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After Hurricane Katrina, many New Orleans homes remained flooded for weeks, promoting heavy microbial growth. OBJECTIVES:A small demonstration project was conducted November 2005-January 2006 aiming to recommend safe remediation techniques and safe levels of worker protection, and to characterize airborne m...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9258
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects 71 million American adults and remains the leading cause of death in the United States and Europe. Despite studies that suggest that the development of CVD may be linked to intrauterine growth or early events in childhood, little direct experimental evidence supports the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800193
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen associated with adverse effects on reproductive organs. DES-induced toxicity of the mouse seminal vesicle (SV) is mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα), which alters expression of seminal vesicle secretory protein IV (Svs4) and lactoferrin (Ltf) genes. OBJECT...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307351
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the cohort consisted of 18,135 distribution employees with potential exposure to gasoline for at least one year at land-based terminals (n = 9,026) or on marine vessels (n = 9,109) between 1946 and 1985. The primary objective of the study was to determine the relationship, if any, between exposure to ga...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s663
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games provided a unique case study to investigate the effect of source control measures on the reduction in air pollution, and associated inhalation cancer risk, in a Chinese megacity. OBJECTIVES:We measured 17 carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and estimated the l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1003100
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cumulative lead exposure is associated with a widened pulse pressure (PP; the -difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure), a marker of arterial stiffness and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Polymorphisms in the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) have been shown to modify the impact of cumulativ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002251
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9399265
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108109
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational exposures to mineral particles cause pneumoconiosis and other diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a key role in the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression following exposure to these particles. ROS-induced primary stimuli result i...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s51151
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although patients with heart failure (HF) have been identified as particularly susceptible to the acute effects of air pollution, the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on patients with this increasingly prevalent disease are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to examine the mort...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10918
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mass poisonings, called yusho and yu-cheng, occurred in western Japan in 1968 and central Taiwan in 1979, respectively. These occurrences were separately caused by ingestion of rice oils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated quaterphenyls. The tot...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560321
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to certain phenols is ubiquitous because of their use in many consumer and personal care products. However, predictors of exposure have not been well characterized in most populations. OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify predictors of exposure and to assess the reproducibility of phenol concentrations...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306830
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers were exposed to a complex mix of pollutants and carcinogens. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate cancer incidence in responders during the first 7 years after 11 September 2001. METHODS:Cancers among 20,984 consented participants ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205894
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cofactors involved in respiratory tract carcinogenesis were studied in Syrian golden hamsters or in rats using benzo(a)pyrene as the carcinogenic agent. These factors included severe tissue damage induced by electro-coagulation, glass fibers administered by intratracheal instillation, acetaldehyde as irritant vapor, f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350275
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In animals, some phthalates impair male reproductive development and function. Epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent evidence of associations between phthalates and markers of human testicular function. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to provide estimates of the effects of phthalate exposure on reproductiv...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205113
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the investigation is to study whether an increased mortality from certain causes exists in an area around the Rönnskärsverken smelter works in northern Sweden. Founded in 1928, this metallurgical plant processing mainly nonferrous metals has since its initial operations been using ore with a high arseni...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7719133
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticides used in agriculture may cause adverse health effects among the population living near agricultural areas. However, identifying the populations most likely to be exposed is difficult. We conducted a feasibility study to determine whether satellite imagery could be used to reconstruct historical crop patterns...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.001085
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed questionnaire and physician examination data for 1560 new immigrants from the former USSR divided into three groups by potential exposure to Chernobyl radiation. Two groups were chosen according to soil contamination by cesium-137 at former residences, as confirmed by our findings in a 137Cs body burden st...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103936
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) is a known neuro-toxicant. Emerging evidence indicates it may have adverse effects on the neuro-logic and other body systems at common low levels of exposure. Impacts of MeHg exposure could vary by individual susceptibility or be confounded by beneficial nutrients in fish containing MeHg...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104494
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Possible effects of Chernobyl fallout on outcome of pregnancy in Finland were evaluated in a nationwide follow-up study. The outcomes were the rate of live births and stillbirths, pregnancy loss, and induced abortions by municipality. Exposure was assessed based on nationwide surveys of radiation dose rate from the Ch...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109179
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In these studies the effects of ingested arsenic (As(+5)) on hepatic heme biosynthetic capability and hemoprotein function in adult male rats were investigated. Animals exposed for 6 weeks to 0, 20, 40, or 85 ppm sodium arsenate in the drinking water suffered depression of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synth...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7719209
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lead exposure of children and their mothers has been studied in two towns with mean soil lead contents of 900 and 400 ppm. No significant difference in blood or fecal lead contents was demonstrated between the two populations, but a small difference in hair lead content was shown. The blood lead content of childre...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.74775
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports on the prevalence of lead poisoning in children between 1 and 5 years of age living in a marginal area to the north of Mexico City and also includes an evaluation of sources of exposure to this metal in the same area. The results show that 67.5% of the children studied have blood lead (PbB) levels >...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.104-1469505
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to be biologically active in experimental models even at low levels of exposure. However, its impact on endometrial cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to investigate whether lifelong exposure to different doses of BPA induced uterine abnormalities and molecular ch...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP6875
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article we summarize the results of a series of studies that measured the relative bioavailability (RBA) of lead in a variety of soil and soil-like test materials. Reference material (Pb acetate) or Pb-contaminated soils were administered orally to juvenile swine twice a day for 15 days. Blood samples were col...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8852
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The types of reactive intermediates generated upon reduction of chromium(VI) by glutathione or hydrogen peroxide and the resulting DNA damage have been determined. In vitro, reaction of chromium(VI) with glutathione led to formation of two chromium(V) complexes and the glutathione thiyl radical. When chromium(VI) was ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.919253
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyze the generation of reactive species capable of binding with cellular macromolecules, leading to acute and delayed toxicity. Since individual CYP forms differ markedly in their substrate preferences and regulation, the expression profiles of CYP in various cell types are important ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4767
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemoprotective phytochemicals exhibit multiple activities and interact with several cellular receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (AhR). In this study we investigated the AhR agonist/antagonist activities of the following flavonoids: chrysin, phloretin, kaempferol, galangin, naringenin, genistein, ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6322
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The toxicity of many xenobiotic compounds is believed to involve oxidative injury to cells. Direct assessment of mechanistic events involved in xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress is not easily achievable. Development of genetically encoded probes designed for monitoring intracellular redox changes represent...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1206039
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00