Abstract:
:Naringenin, together with its glycosidic forms, is a flavanone abundant in grapefruit and orange. It has been detected in human plasma, following citrus juice intake, at sub-µmolar concentrations, and its main phase II conjugated metabolites (naringenin-7-O-glucuronide and narigenin-4'-O-glucuronide) have been identified in urine. Recent evidence suggests a potential active anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids on macrophages, cells actively involved in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of naringenin and its phase II metabolites on the expression of specific genes in differently activated macrophages at concentrations coherent with dietary exposure. Results suggest that phase II metabolites, as well as the aglyconic form of naringenin, were able to perturb macrophage gene expression in directions that are not always consistent with anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, the effects of metabolites were not always consistent with each other and with those of their aglycone, underlining the paramount importance of testing physiological forms of phytochemicals within in vitro experimental models. In vivo studies are needed to further explore these observations and investigate their practical consequences.
journal_name
Int J Food Sci Nutrjournal_title
International journal of food sciences and nutritionauthors
Dall'Asta M,Derlindati E,Curella V,Mena P,Calani L,Ray S,Zavaroni I,Brighenti F,Del Rio Ddoi
10.3109/09637486.2013.804039subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-11-01 00:00:00pages
843-9issue
7eissn
0963-7486issn
1465-3478journal_volume
64pub_type
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