Abstract:
:The general objectives of our research, presented in this series of papers, were to develop a computational model of the brain stem respiratory neural network and to explore possible neural mechanisms that provide the genesis of respiratory oscillations and the specific firing patterns of respiratory neurons. The present paper describes models of single respiratory neurons that have been used as the elements in our network models of the central respiratory pattern generator presented in subsequent papers. The models of respiratory neurons were developed in the Hodgkin-Huxley style employing both physiological and biophysical data obtained from brain stem neurons in mammals. Two single respiratory neuron models were developed to match the two distinct firing behaviors of respiratory neurons described in vivo: neuron type I shows an adapting firing pattern in response to synaptic excitation, and neuron type II shows a ramp firing pattern during membrane depolarization after a period of synaptic inhibition. We found that a frequency ramp firing pattern can result from intrinsic membrane properties, specifically from the combined influence of calcium-dependent K(AHP)(Ca), low-threshold Ca(T) and K(A) channels. The neuron models with these ionic channels (type II) demonstrated ramp firing patterns similar to those recorded from respiratory neurons in vivo. Our simulations show that K(AHP)(Ca) channels in combination with high-threshold Ca(L) channels produce spike frequency adaptation during synaptic excitation. However, in combination with low-threshold Ca(T) channels, they cause a frequency ramp firing response after release from inhibition. This promotes a testable hypothesis that the main difference between the respiratory neurons that adapt (for example, early inspiratory, postinspiratory, and decrementing expiratory) and those that show ramp firing patterns (for example, ramp inspiratory and augmenting expiratory) consists of a ratio between the two types of calcium channels: Ca(L) channels predominate in the former and Ca(T) channels in the latter respiratory neuron types. We have analyzed the dependence of adapting and ramp firing patterns on maximal conductances of different ionic channels and values of synaptic drive. The effect of adjusting specific membrane conductances and synaptic interactions revealed plausible neuronal mechanisms that may underlie modulatory effects on respiratory neuron firing patterns and network performances. The results of computer simulation provide useful insight into functional significance of specific intrinsic membrane properties and their interactions with phasic synaptic inputs for a better understanding of respiratory neuron firing behavior.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Rybak IA,Paton JF,Schwaber JSdoi
10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1994subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-04-01 00:00:00pages
1994-2006issue
4eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The vestibular organs in the base of the skull provide important information about head orientation and motion in space. Previous studies have suggested that both angular velocity information from the semicircular canals and information about head orientation and translation from the otolith organs are centrally proce...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00143.2010
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trimming all whiskers except two on one side of an adult rat's face results in cortical plasticity in which the spared whiskers, D2 and one D-row surround whisker (either D1 or D3), evoked responses containing more spikes than the response evoked by the cut whisker (called whisker pairing plasticity). Previously we ha...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.4.1971
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the first visual synapse of the insect compound eye, both the presynaptic and postsynaptic signals are graded, nonspiking changes in membrane voltage. The synapse exhibits tonic transmitter release (even in dark) and strong adaptation to long-lasting light backgrounds, leading to changes also in the dynamics of sig...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.2103
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The physiological and pharmacological properties of excitatory amino acid (EAA)-induced responses were investigated in acutely isolated spiral ganglion cells of guinea pig by a conventional patch-clamp technique combined with a rapid drug application (Y-tube) method. 2. L-glutamate (Glu) and its agonists, quisquala...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.3.715
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on non-GABAA receptors were investigated with intracellular recordings in CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices in the presence of antagonists of GABAA receptors (50 microM bicuculline and 50 microM picrotoxin), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.69
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children do not typically appear to move with the same skill and dexterity as adults, although they can still improve their motor performance in specific tasks with practice. One possible explanation is that their motor performance is limited by an inherently higher level of movement variability, but that their motor ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01173.2002
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two main types of small eye movements occur during gaze fixation: microsaccades and slow ocular drifts. While microsaccade generation has been relatively well studied, ocular drift control mechanisms are unknown. Here we explored the degree to which monkey smooth eye movements, on the velocity scale of slow ocular dri...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00437.2018
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The input-output and discharge properties of neurons are shaped by both passive and active electrophysiological membrane properties. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings in lamina I-III neurons in an isolated preparation of the whole spinal cord of juvenile rats with attached dorsal roots and dorsal root ganglia were use...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00187.2016
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence implicates the superior colliculus (SC) in cognitive processes, such as target selection and control of spatial attention, in addition to the execution of saccadic eye movements. We report here the presence of a cognitive response in some cells in the SC in a task that requires the long-term associatio...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01071.2005
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temporal lobe is well known for its oscillatory activity associated with exploration, navigation, and learning. Intrinsic membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) and resonance of stellate cells (SCs) in layer II of the entorhinal cortex are thought to contribute to network oscillations and thereby to the encoding o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00743.2011
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The electrical responses of nociceptive (N) lateral and N medial neurons of the leech segmental ganglion to mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimulation of the skin were studied in a superfused ganglion-body wall preparation. 2. Mechanical indentation of the skin > 10 mN evoked in both types of cells a sustained d...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.6.2268
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The uppermost layer (stratum griseum superficiale, SGS) of the superior colliculus (SC) provides an important gateway from the retina to the visual extrastriate and visuomotor systems. The majority of attention has been given to the role of this "visual" SC in saccade generation and target selection and it is generall...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00059.2007
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::From our experiments combining in vivo calcium imaging and electrophysiology on fly vertical motion-sensitive cells (VS-cells) during visual stimulation, we infer different mechanisms of calcium entry within different dendritic compartments; while in the main dendritic branches calcium influx from extracellular space ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00215.2001
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabotropic receptors modulate numerous cellular processes by intracellular Ca2+ signaling, but less is known about their role in regulating mitochondrial metabolic function within the CNS. In this study, we demonstrate in area CA3 of rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures that glutamatergic, serotonergic, and mu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00042.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The buccal ganglia of Aplysia contain a central pattern generator (CPG) that organizes the rhythmic movements of the radula and buccal mass during feeding. Many of the cellular and synaptic elements of this CPG have been identified and characterized. However, the roles that specific cellular and synaptic properties pl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.87.5.2307
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Express saccades represent the fastest possible eye movements to visual targets with reaction times that approach minimum sensory-motor conduction delays. Previous work in monkeys has identified two specific neural signals in the superior colliculus (SC: a midbrain sensorimotor integration structure involved in gaze c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00047.2015
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro whole cell patch-clamp recordings of stellate cells in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex show a subthreshold membrane potential resonance in response to a sinusoidal current injection of varying frequency. Physiological recordings from awake behaving animals show that neurons in layer II medial entorhinal ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00492.2009
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the environment require rapid modification or inhibition of ongoing behavior. We used the stop-signal paradigm and intracranial recordings to investigate response preparation, inhibition, and monitoring of task-relevant information. Electrocorticographic data were recorded in eight patients with electrodes ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00708.2015
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual response properties of neurons in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) have been well described in several species, but not in rats. Analysis of responses from the unanesthetized rat dLGN will be needed to develop quantitative models that account for visual behavior of rats. We recorded visual responses f...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00812.2014
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ipsilaterally projecting spinal excitatory interneurons (EINs) generate the hemisegmental rhythmic locomotor activity in lamprey, while the commissural interneurons ensure proper left-right alternation. 5-HT is a potent modulator of the locomotor rhythm and is endogenously released from the spinal cord during fictive ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00309.2006
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural visual scenes are cluttered. In such scenes, many objects in the periphery can be crowded, blocked from identification, simply because of the dense array of clutter. Outside of the fovea, crowding constitutes the fundamental limitation on object recognition and is thought to arise from the limited resolution o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1152/jn.00904.2010
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory depression is a therapy-limiting side effect of opioid analgesics, yet our understanding of the brain circuits mediating this potentially lethal outcome remains incomplete. Here we studied the contribution of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a region long implicated in pain modulation and homeostati...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00563.2012
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phase-response curve (PRC), relating the phase shift of an oscillator to external perturbation, is an important tool to study neurons and their population behavior. It can be experimentally estimated by measuring the phase changes caused by probe stimuli. These stimuli, usually short pulses or continuous noise, ha...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00919.2011
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycinergic and GABAergic inhibition are juxtaposed at one retinal synaptic layer yet likely perform different functions. These functions have usually been evaluated using receptor antagonists. In examining retinal glycine receptors, we were surprised to find that commonly used concentrations of GABA antagonists block...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01228.2004
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here we show that inhibition shapes diverse responses to species-specific calls in the inferior colliculus (IC) of Mexican free-tailed bats. We presented 10 calls to each neuron of which 8 were social communication and 2 were echolocation calls. We also measured excitatory response regions: the range of tone burst fre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.1941
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to its well-known role in the control of saccades, the primate superior colliculus (SC) has been implicated in the processes of target choice for overt orienting movements and for covert spatial attention. We focally inactivated the SC, by muscimol injection, while monkeys selected the target of a smooth p...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00406.2010
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate how hippocampal neurons encode sound stimuli, and the conjunction of sound stimuli with the animal's position in space, we recorded from neurons in the CA1 region of hippocampus in rats while they performed a sound discrimination task. Four different sounds were used, two associated with water reward on...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00404.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Taste buds in catfish are found not only within the oropharyngeal cavity, as in mammals, but are also located along the external body surface of the animal from the barbels and lips to the caudal fin. Because these taste buds are innervated by the facial (cranial VII) nerve, the extraoral taste system of catfish is...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.247
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate and the total amount of Ca2+ elevation in the presynaptic terminals of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia depend on the firing frequency of the terminals. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was used for testing whether mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is one of the mechanisms that ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.186
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous developmental changes in the nervous system occur during the first several weeks of the rodent lifespan. Therefore, many characteristics of neuronal function described at the cellular level from in vitro slice experiments conducted during this early time period may not generalize to adult ages. We investigate...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00756.2012
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00