Abstract:
:Glycinergic and GABAergic inhibition are juxtaposed at one retinal synaptic layer yet likely perform different functions. These functions have usually been evaluated using receptor antagonists. In examining retinal glycine receptors, we were surprised to find that commonly used concentrations of GABA antagonists blocked significant fractions of the glycine current. In retinal amacrine and ganglion cells, the competitive GABAA receptor antagonists (bicuculline and SR95531) were also competitive GlyR antagonists. Picrotoxinin produced a noncompetitive inhibition of retinal GlyRs. [1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-4-yl] methylphosphinic acid, the GABACR antagonist, did not inhibit glycine receptors. All three GABAA receptor antagonists were competitive inhibitors of homomeric alpha1 or alpha2 GlyRs expressed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) cells. Interestingly, bicuculline was much more effective at alpha2 GlyRs and might be used to separate glycine receptor subtypes. Thus commonly used concentrations of GABA antagonists do not unambiguously differentiate GABA and glycine pathways. Picrotoxinin inhibition of GABAC receptors requires two amino acids in the second transmembrane region (TM2): 2' serine and 6' threonine. Although TM2 regions in GABA and glycine receptors are highly homologous, neither 2' serine nor 6' threonine is essential for picrotoxinin sensitivity in glycine receptors.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Wang P,Slaughter MMdoi
10.1152/jn.01228.2004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-01 00:00:00pages
3120-6issue
6eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
01228.2004journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. The discharge patterns and axonal projections of saccadic long-lead burst neurons (LLBNs) with somata in the pontine reticular formation were studied in alert squirrel monkeys with the use of the method of intraaxonal recording and horseradish peroxidase injection. 2. The largest population of stained neurons were ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.353
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synchronization of local and distributed neuronal assemblies is thought to underlie fundamental brain processes such as perception, learning, and cognition. In neurological disease, neuronal synchrony can be altered and in epilepsy may play an important role in the generation of seizures. Linear cross-correlation and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00368.2010
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) is thought to control torsional and vertical head posture. Unilateral microstimulation of the INC evokes torsional head rotation to positions that are maintained until stimulation offset. Unilateral INC inactivation evokes head position-holding deficits with the head tilted in t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90363.2008
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model is developed for simulation of action potential propagation through a single branch point of a myelinated nerve fiber with a parent branch bifurcating into two identical daughter branches. This model is based on a previously published multi-layer compartmental model for single unbranched myelinate...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.197
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the region of the ventral respiratory group in brain stem slices from neonatal rats, intracellular pH (pHi) and membrane currents (I(m)) or potentials were measured in neurons dialyzed with the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis-carboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Currents and increases in membrane conductance (g(m)) dur...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1844
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal cells in a slice preparation of rat sensorimotor cortex were depolarized focally by long-lasting glutamate iontophoresis while recording intracellularly from their soma. In most cells the firing pattern evoked by the smallest dendritic depolarization that evoked spikes consisted o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1341
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The heart of the nudibranch mollusc Archidoris montereyensis is uniquely responsive to regulation by identifiable cardiac motor neurons. The neurotransmitters mediating the strong excitatory and inhibitory actions of the neurons are unknown. 2. In this study we developed an infused, in vitro preparation of the Arch...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1639
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used a slice preparation of the infant rat midbrain to examine converging inputs onto neurons in the deeper multisensory layers of the superior colliculus (dSC). Electrical stimulation of the superficial visual layers (sSC) and of the auditory nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC) evoked ro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00450.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the intact pond snail Planorbis corneus, a rapid tilt in any plane evoked a defense reaction consisting of a fast movement of the shell towards the head, shortening of the foot, inhibition of locomotion and of rhythmical feeding movements. This reaction was similar to the first phase of the general defense react...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.898
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebellum has long been recognized to play an important role in motor adaptation. Individuals with cerebellar ataxia exhibit impaired learning in visuomotor adaptation tasks such as prism adaptation and force field learning. Both types of tasks involve the adjustment of an internal model to compensate for an exte...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00654.2011
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The whole cell patch-clamp technique in combination with the slice preparation was used to investigate the electrophysiological properties of pigeon semicircular canal sensory and supporting cells. These properties were also characterized in regenerating neuroepithelia of pigeons preinjected with streptomycin to kill ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.1913
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on generalization show the nature of how learning is encoded in the brain. Previous studies have shown rather limited generalization of dynamics learning across changes in movement direction, a finding that is consistent with the idea that learning is primarily local. In contrast, studies show a broader patter...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00886.2009
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noninvasive alternating current stimulation can induce vision restoration in patients with chronic optic nerve damage and results in electroencephalogram (EEG) aftereffects. To better understand the mechanisms of action, we studied such EEG "aftereffects" of transcorneal alternating current stimulation (tACS) at the c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00341.2012
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate and the total amount of Ca2+ elevation in the presynaptic terminals of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia depend on the firing frequency of the terminals. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was used for testing whether mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is one of the mechanisms that ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.186
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how whisker-based tactile information is represented in the nervous system requires quantification of sensory input and observation of neural activity during whisking and whisker touch. Chronic electrophysiological methods have long been available to study neural responses in awake and behaving animals; ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00012.2008
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The physiology and pharmacology of the connections made by stress-sensitive campaniform sensilla on the proximal dorsal tibia of a locust hind leg with a fast extensor tibiae motor neuron (FETi) have been examined. 2. Mechanical stimulation of a campaniform sensillum on the anterior surface of the tibia elicited bu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.586
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The antidromic compound action potential (ACAP) of the auditory nerve was evoked by shocks to the auditory nerve root and recorded at the round window of the cochlea in anesthetized guinea pigs. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics of the ACAP and compare these characteristics with those of t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.5.1826
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Human flexor reflex (HFR) responses were elicited during ergometer cycling in neurologically intact humans with the objective of understanding the influence of lower limb muscle activity on phase-dependent reflex modulation during movement. The experimental setup permitted control over background muscle activity an...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.4.1212
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the properties of voltage-activated outward currents in two types of spider cuticular mechanoreceptor neurons to learn if these currents contribute to the differences in their adaptation properties. Both types of neurons adapt rapidly to sustained stimuli, but type A neurons usually only fire one or two act...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2937
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent experimental findings suggest that there may be rich physiological information embedded within the power spectrum of neurophysiological recordings, which, in addition to power in specific oscillatory frequencies, can be extracted with the appropriate model. This article reviews previous empirical and modeling r...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00722.2015
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rhythmic delivery of visual stimuli evokes large-scale neuronal entrainment in the form of steady-state oscillatory field potentials. The spatiotemporal properties of stimulus drive appear to constrain the relative degrees of neuronal entrainment. Specific frequency ranges, for example, are uniquely suited for enh...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00129.2017
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study the role of plastic changes of the human motor system in the acquisition of new fine motor skills. We mapped the cortical motor areas targeting the contralateral long finger flexor and extensor muscles in subjects learning a one-handed, five-finger exercise o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1037
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amines dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and octopamine (Oct) each elicit a distinctive motor pattern from a quiescent pyloric network in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG). We previously have demonstrated that these amines alter the synaptic strength at multiple, distributed sites within the pyloric network...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.3210
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in temperature of up to several degrees have been reported in different brain regions during various behaviors or in response to environmental stimuli. We investigated temperature sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons of the rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), an area important for motor and emotional cont...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00066.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can produce a lasting polarity-specific modulation of cortical excitability in the brain, and it is increasingly used in experimental and clinical settings. Recent studies suggest that the after-effects of tDCS are related to molecular mechanisms of activity-dependent syn...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00319.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is evidence that postural instability associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is not adequately improved by levodopa, implying involvement of nondopaminergic pathways. However, the mechanisms contributing to postural instability have yet to be fully identified and tested for their levodopa responsiveness. In th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00996.2015
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a variety of 54-channel high-density silicon electrode arrays (polytrodes) designed to record from large numbers of neurons spanning millimeters of brain. In cat visual cortex, it was possible to make simultaneous recordings from >100 well-isolated neurons. Using standard clustering methods, polytrodes pr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01023.2004
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A characteristic plateau pattern was observed in the rate of afferent discharges during ramp-and-hold stretch of spindles isolated from semitendinosus muscles of frogs. The plateau pattern was more frequent in summer frogs (84%) than winter frogs (11%). 2. The plateau pattern consisted of a discharge rate around 12...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.275
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complementary DNA encoding gustatory cyclic nucleotide--gated ion channel (or gustCNG channel) cloned from rat tongue epithelial tissue was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and its electrophysiological characteristics were investigated using tight-seal patch-clamp recordings of single and macroscopic channel currents...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2335
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recurrent mossy fiber pathway of the dentate gyrus expands dramatically in many persons with temporal lobe epilepsy. The new connections among granule cells provide a novel mechanism of synchronization that could enhance the participation of these cells in seizures. Despite the presence of robust recurrent mossy f...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2380
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00