Abstract:
:In the last 20 years, two thirds of all new vaccines provided worldwide have been produced by a US network of independent industrial, governmental, and academic partners engaged in vaccine research and development. Vaccines are complex products and the science of vaccinology is difficult. To achieve the full promise of modern science and technology to prevent and treat disease by immunization, the delicate fabric of America's cooperative and collaborative vaccine research relationships must be sustained and strengthened. The major partners are the federal government; four large companies--two US-headquartered (Wyeth-Lederle Biologics and Vaccines and Merck & Co), two foreign firms (SmithKline Beecham and Pasteur Mérieux Connaught); and academia. Of the $1.4 billion that fund US vaccine research and development annually, 46% comes from vaccine sales, 36% from taxpayers, and 18% from risk capital. Vaccine innovation could be strengthened by improved public and policy maker understanding of the vaccine development network; declarations of partnership; interactive dialog with federal advisory bodies; public forums for government and industry to listen to patients, providers and researchers; sabbatical assignments between partners; mechanisms to share industries' market research with public immunization programs; continued active industry participation in the Advisory committee on Immunization Practices and the National Vaccine Advisory committee; increased collaboration between industry and the National Institutes of Health for clinical research; harmonization of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices vaccine recommendations and the Food and Drug Administration package inserts; and public policies to foster the partnership's collaboration and robustness. The optimal size and configuration of the US vaccine enterprise should be debated only in the context of a full understanding of how the current system works and its record of effectiveness. These National Vaccine Advisory Committee recommendations are directed at developing public policies to foster and sustain vaccine innovation and ensure the timely introduction and supply of new vaccines needed by this nation and the world.
journal_name
Pediatricsjournal_title
Pediatricsauthors
doi
10.1542/peds.100.6.1015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-12-01 00:00:00pages
1015-20issue
6eissn
0031-4005issn
1098-4275journal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PEDIATRICS文献大全abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication continuity, hypothesizing greater continuity among children with (1) greater child acceptance of treatment, (2) parent belief in longer time course for ADHD, (3) positive differential between parent-perceived need for and co...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2017-2580
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of dexamethasone in preterm infants with chronic lung disease (CLD) on antibody response to routine immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP). METHODS:Serum samples were obtained before and after immunization with DTP (Trivax-AD) from an unselected cohort of 93 preterm...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1542/peds.113.4.733
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult patients with long-standing hypertension have been reported to experience an impairment in renal function when treatment with potent vasodilating agents is initiated. To document that this sequence may occur in children as well, we report the case of a 4-year-old boy with renal disease in whom reduction of blood...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical severity, from mild developmental abnormalities to frank dislocation. Clinical hip instability occurs in 1% to 2% of full-term infants, and up to 15% have hip instability or hip immaturity detectable by imaging studies. Hip dysplasia is t...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3107
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::: media-1vid110.1542/5972300121001PEDS-VA_2018-1771Video Abstract OBJECTIVES: To examine agreement between parent and adolescent reports of adolescents' suicidal thoughts and explore demographic and clinical factors associated with agreement in a large community sample. METHODS:Participants included 5137 adolescents ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2018-1771
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To call attention to a cutaneous marker for neural tube closure defects of the scalp, the "hair collar" sign. This finding consists of a ring of long, dark, coarse hair surrounding a midline scalp nodule. METHODS AND RESULTS:Four children with small congenital scalp nodules and the hair collar sign were stud...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether physicians can estimate accurately the age of an accidental bruise on direct physical examination. METHODS:Children who presented to the emergency department of a children's hospital with accidental bruises of known age and origin had demographic data and information about their injury r...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.112.4.804
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Pain in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is underrecognized, undertreated, and negatively affects quality of life. Communication challenges and multiple pain etiologies complicate diagnosis and treatment. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the impact of pain on activities and to identify...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0224
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colic or excessive crying is one of the most frequent problems presented to pediatricians by new parents. Organic disease accounts for <5% of infants presenting with colic syndrome. Colic may be best viewed as a clinical manifestation of normal emotional development, in which an infant has diminished capacity to regul...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol use continues to be problematic for youth and young adults in the United States. Understanding of neurobiology and neuroplasticity continues to highlight the potential adverse impact of underage drinking on the developing brain. This policy statement provides the position of the American Academy of Pediatrics ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1356
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the risk for separation (ending cohabitation) of the parents of a child with a diagnosis of cancer. METHODS:In a nationwide cohort, we compared the risk for ending cohabitation of the parents of 2450 children (aged 0-20 years) given a diagnosis of cancer with the ri...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2657
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two brothers, aged 11 years 6 months and 2 years 3 months, with psychomotor and growth retardation, episodes of weakness, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and elevated levels of blood pyruvate were shown to have a deficiency in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). When they ate a diet high enough in fats to cause ketonem...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Inadequate sleep during infancy is associated with adverse outcomes for infants and families. We sought to improve sleep behaviors and duration through a responsive parenting (RP) intervention designed for obesity prevention. METHODS:The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INS...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0762
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partial nasal obstruction in preterm infants increases the airway resistance. In spite of this, nasal feeding tubes are often used, if only because oral tubes are difficult to secure. A palatal appliance has been devised that maintains the position of oroenteric feeding tube(s) and is not associated with local complic...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Societal and economic shifts have expanded the roles that fathers play in their families. Father involvement is associated with positive cognitive, developmental, and sociobehavioral child outcomes such as improved weight gain in preterm infants, improved breastfeeding rates, higher receptive language skills,...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1612
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this work was to determine whether visual impairment caused by toxoplasmic chorioretinitis is associated with impaired performance of specific tasks on standardized tests of cognitive function. If so, then we worked to determine whether there are patterns in these difficulties that provide a l...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1530
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venous thrombosis can complicate inflammatory bowel diseases, both in adult and pediatric patients, and a few adult cases of thrombotic storm, ie, thrombosis at multiple sites occurring over a period of a few days to a few weeks, have been described. However, venous thrombosis as the first manifestation of an inflamma...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2365
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) are common in children. Due to safety and resistance issues with recommended agents, new treatment options would be advantageous. METHODS:Multicenter, evaluator-blinded clinical trial. Patients 1 to 17 years old with cSSSI caused by Gram-positive pathog...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2477
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperphenylalaninemia due to dihydropteridine reductase deficiency results from the inability to maintain the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin, in its reduced or active form. Diagnosis of the disease is usually made by direct enzymatic assay on liver biopsies or in cultured skin fibroblast...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies from our laboratory have shown that iron is better absorbed from human milk than from cow milk and that human milk can provide insufficient iron for infants during their first year. We compared iron availability from human milk with that from other formulas and determined the factors responsible for its superi...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been a gradual decrease in the proportion of children covered by private health insurance in Colorado and the United States with a commensurate increase in those with public insurance or having no insurance which may impact access to care and outcomes. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this work was to det...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0162
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although suicide is a known leading cause of death among street youth, few prospective studies have explored childhood experiences as risk factors for future suicide attempt in this population. We examined the risk of attempted suicide in relation to childhood maltreatment among street youth. METHODS:From S...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1108
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenotypic and biological characterization of rare monogenic disorders represents 1 of the most important avenues toward understanding the mechanisms of human disease. Among patients with SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) mutations, a subset will manifest neurologic regression, psychosis, and mood dis...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1490
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to use nationwide registries to examine the health of children up to 4 years of age who were born as a result of in vitro fertilization. METHODS:Children born after in vitro fertilization (N = 4559) from 1996 to 1999 were monitored until 2003. Two control groups were selected fr...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0735
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The location of invasive infections is difficult to detect in infants, in part due to their inability to localize signs and symptoms. However, identifying the location often significantly alters clinical management by extending the duration of antibiotic therapy or revealing a source requiring surgical intervention. C...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0732
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies of childhood chest pain have been retrospective or considered only limited age groups or referred patients. In this study, all children who were admitted to the emergency department with chest pain were evaluated prospectively. Patients with ill-defined chest pain had ECGs and echocardiograms performe...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective study was conducted to assess the applicability of the Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (DPDQ) in a predominantly black, low-income population in Mobile, Alabama. The effect of an educational intervention designed to increase the accuracy of parental responses to the DPDQ was also assessed...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The 2011 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guideline recommends narrow-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for most children hospitalized with CAP. However, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of this strategy. METHODS:Using da...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1614
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-three children with acute rheumatic fever were studied using echocardiography to characterize heart involvement in this disease. Among 26 subjects with a first episode of acute rheumatic fever, 18 had a clinical diagnosis of carditis and six had heart failure. Heart failure usually resulted from valvular incomp...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a metabolic assay to describe biochemical changes during the evolution of neuronal injury in infants after shaken baby syndrome (SBS), that explain the disparity between apparent physical injury and the neurological deficit a...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1542/peds.99.1.4
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00