Abstract:
:The results of this study indicate that the presence of plants did enhance TNT and TNB removal from IAAP groundwater. Most effective at 25 degrees C were reed canary grass, coontail and pondweed. Groundwater and plant tissue analyses indicate that in presence of the plants tested TNT is degraded to reduced by-products and to other metabolites that were not analyzed. TNT removal was best modeled using first order kinetics, with rate constants at 25 degrees C incubations ranging from 0.038 microgram L-1 h-1 for reed canary grass to 0.012 microgram L-1 h-1 for parrot-feather. These kinetics predict hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 4.9 days to 19.8 days to reach a TNT concentration of 2 micrograms L-1. Decreasing incubation temperature to 10 degrees C affected reed canary grass more than parrot-feather, increasing estimated HRTs by factors of four and two, respectively. The plant species tested showed a far lower potential for RDX removal from the IAAP groundwater. Most effective at 25 degrees C were reed canary grass and fox sedge. Analyses of plant material indicated the presence of RDX in under-water plant portions and in aerial plant portions, and RDX accumulation in the latter. RDX removal was best modeled using zero order kinetics, with rate constants for the 25 degrees C incubation ranging from 13.45 micrograms L-1 h-1 for reed canary grass to no removal in four species. Based on these kinetics, estimated HRTs to reach 2 micrograms L-1 RDX increased from 39 days. Decreasing the temperature to 10 degrees C increased HRT 24-fold for reed canary grass. By using the biomass-normalized K value, submersed plants are identified as having the highest explosives-removing activity (microgram explosive L-1 h-1 g DW-1). However, biomass production of submersed plants is normally five to ten times less than that of emergent plants per unit area, and, thus, in plant selection for wetland construction, both, explosives removal potential and biomass production are important determinants.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Best EP,Zappi ME,Fredrickson HL,Sprecher SL,Larson SL,Ochman Mdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48574.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-11-21 00:00:00pages
179-94eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
829pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Ischemic preconditioning (PC) is a polygenic defensive cellular adaptive phenomenon whereby brief ischemic stimuli render the heart resistant to subsequent similar stress. The late phase of ischemic PC lasts for three to four days, protects against both myocardial stunning and infarction, and thus has considerable cli...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Cowdria ruminantium is an obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogen which is responsible for a tick-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants called heartwater or cowdriosis. Although several genes have been cloned and partially sequenced, the genome size, gross structure, and organization of the C. ruminantium g...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1993-12-20 00:00:00
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