How does human bone resist fracture?

abstract：:This paper describes the flight experiment, supporting ground science, and the design rationale for a project on spaceflight holography investigation in a virtual apparatus (SHIVA). SHIVA is a fundamental study of particle dynamics in fluids in microgravity. Gravitation effects and steady Stokes drag often dominate th...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Trolinger JD,L'Esperance D,Rangel RH,Coimbra CF,Witherow WK

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One hundred years after Santiago Ramon y Cajal provided critical evidence for the "neuron doctrine," his cellular view of the brain remains the basis of modern neural science. This article begins with a review of how the early work of Ramon y Cajal, Charles Sherrington, and John Eccles and their contemporaries laid ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Albright TD,Jessell TM,Kandell ER,Posner MI

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of action of tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) and its role in the intracellular processing of vitamin E were investigated using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results from this work suggest that TTP functions by transporting vitamin E from endocytic organelles to other locations in the cell. ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Qian J,Wilson K,Nava P,Morley S,Atkinson J,Manor D

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of immunologic biomarkers associated with clinical response after immune intervention for cancer is an area of intensive investigation. The field would benefit from a more systemic and directed approach for biomarker identification and evaluation. Lessons can be learned from other fields, such as ca...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Dang Y,Disis ML

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of combined treatment with ribavirin and tiazofurin on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the best characterized animal model for human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, was investigated. The disease was induced in highly susceptible Dark Agouti rats with spinal cord homogena...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Lavrnja I,Stojkov D,Peković S,Subasic S,Mostarica-Stojković M,Stosic-Grujicić S,Nedeljković N,Medic-Mijacević L,Rakić L,Stojiljkovi M

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignancies have developed several strategies to evade immune surveillance. We have investigated pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic cancer surgical specimens to evaluate possibilities of tumor escape in the Fas system, and local immune suppression. Despite Fas expression the majority of cell lines was resist...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Ungefroren H,Voss M,Bernstorff WV,Schmid A,Kremer B,Kalthoff H

更新日期：1999-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Most ecological economists believe that the transition to a steady-state economy is necessary to ensure ecological sustainability and to maximize a nation's economic welfare. While some observers agree with the necessity of the steady-state economy, they are nonetheless critical of the suggestion made by ecological ec...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Lawn P

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We hypothesize that stimulation of Na+-K+-Cl+ cotransporter (NKCC1) causes Na+ overload that may lead to reversal of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger isoform 1 (NCX1) and ischemic neuronal damage. NCX1 protein expression and Ca2+ influx via reversal of NCX were decreased by approximately 70% in NCX1+/- neurons. Compared to NCX1+/+ ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Luo J,Wang Y,Chen X,Chen H,Kintner DB,Shull GE,Philipson KD,Sun D

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is believed that HDL exerts its anti-atherogenic effects through the process of delivering cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver for removal from the body (i.e., reverse cholesterol transport). The metabolic life cycle of HDL lipid and apolipoproteins during reverse cholesterol transport involves bo...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Silver DL,Jiang XC,Arai T,Bruce C,Tall AR

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Valproic acid (VA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), in vitro induces differentiation of promyelocyte leukemia cell (HL-60) and proliferation arrest and apoptosis of various leukemia cell lines. In MOLT-4 cells (human T lymphocyte leukemia) the cell cycle arrest is caused by 2 mM VA, while 4 mM VA induces main...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Záskodová D,Rezácová M,Vávrová J,Vokurková D,Tichy A

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developing limb or differentiating neural and blood cells are traditional models used to study programmed cell death in mammals. The developing mouse dentition can also be an attractive model for studying apoptosis regulation. Apoptosis is most extant during early odontogenesis in mice. The embryonic tooth pattern is ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Peterková R,Peterka M,Lesot H

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Sm-2Fe molten alloy with 1:2 molar ratio was unidirectionally solidified in both microgravity and normal gravity in concurrence with a magnetic flux (0-0.12 T). The compound SmFe2 was produced by the unidirectional solidification in microgravity with a magnetic flux of 0T and exhibited a lamellar microstructure. T...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Okutani T,Nagai H,Mamiya M,Shibuya M,Castillo M

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Needle free jet injection guns have been used extensively in both veterinary and human health to deliver both vaccine and drugs, but in recent years, concerns have mounted for their potential to transmit blood borne disease agents among consecutive vaccinates. A Ped-O-Jet type jet injection device was used to deliver ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Sweat JM,Abdy M,Weniger BG,Harrington R,Coyle B,Abuknesha RA,Gibbs EP

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The observations described herein allow us to make several inferences about PKC and regulation of normal and CF Cl- channels. FIGURE 5 shows a model that summarizes these observations. In this model, for the sake of clarity, we refer to the channel as a single entity, but note that it may consist of multiple subunits ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Welsh MJ,Li M,McCann JD,Clancy JP,Anderson MP

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A radioimmunoassay method (RIA) with specific antisera for human and rat alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was used to study the evolution of AFP levels in humans and rats, respectively, throughout the life span. Sera of 66 rats, aged 3-70 weeks, as well as sera of 201 clinically well children, 192 healthy blood donors, and 16...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Masseyeff R,Gilli J,Krebs B,Calluaud A,Bonet C

更新日期：1975-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in resuscitation science have indicated that, contrary to perception, death by cardiorespiratory criteria can no longer be considered a specific moment but rather a potentially reversible process that occurs after any severe illness or accident causes the heart, lungs, and brain to stop functioning. The resul...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Parnia S

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On their plasma membranes, cells express receptor proteins with high affinity for regulatory peptides, such as somatostatin. Changes in the density of these receptors during disease, for example, overexpression in many tumors, provide the basis for new imaging methods. The first peptide analogues successfully applied ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Krenning EP,Kwekkeboom DJ,Valkema R,Pauwels S,Kvols LK,De Jong M

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alterations in the gain of the vertical angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) are dependent on the head position in which the gain changes were produced. We determined how long gravity-dependent gain changes last in monkeys after four hours of adaptation, and whether the adaptation is mediated through the nodulus and ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Yakushin SB,Bukharina SE,Raphan T,Buttner-Ennever J,Cohen B

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance studies of various normal and dystrophic muscles have demonstrated differences in phosphodiester contents. Dystrophic chicken pectoralis muscle contains elevated levels of the diester SEP, and Duchenne dystrophic human leg muscle lacks the diester GPC. It is shown that SEP may be ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Chalovich JM,Burt CT,Danon MJ,Glonek T,Bárány M

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of cell-free nucleic acids in plasma has opened up new possibilities for noninvasive clinical diagnosis. We demonstrate the presence of cell-free fetal RNA in maternal plasma, indicating that plasma fetal RNA might be used as a marker for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Poon LL,Leung TN,Lau TK,Lo YM

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distinction between episodic and semantic memory has become very popular since it was first proposed by Tulving in 1972. So far, very few neuropsychological, psychophysical, and imaging studies have related to the mnemonic aspects of music, notably on the long-term memory features, and practically nothing is known...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Platel H

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The skin immune system includes a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). In addition to generating cellular and humoral immunity against pathogens, skin DCs are involved in tolerogenic mechanisms that maintain immune homeostasis and in pathogenic chronic inflammation in which immune responses are unrestrained. Harn...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Klechevsky E,Banchereau J

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stroke is a common and often fatal event, and, in survivors, it is accompanied by a high risk of recurrence. Ischemic stroke is associated with abnormal platelet activity and thrombus formation. In addition to their roles in the development of acute thrombi, platelets serve as a bridge for leukocytes within the vascul...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Franks ZG,Campbell RA,Weyrich AS,Rondina MT

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This has been an overview of fish health, a comparison of some aspects of fish husbandry with other animal husbandry, and comments concerning fish health research--especially where it is going. The 1972 disease survey identified current problems; it ranked the problems according to priority. More important, research e...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Wolf K

更新日期：1975-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter discusses the influence of drama in the author's background in conceptualizing psychoanalytic theory and practice. The history of ideas relevant to a dramaturgical analysis from Freud to Kohut's revolution, with additional modifications by relational psychoanalysis, is explored. The author poses a trimoda...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Ringstrom PA

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphogenesis in the animal kingdom is closely coupled with the intracellular synthesis and the extracellular deposition of collagen. These morphogenetically important events involve multiple steps which begin in compartments inside the cell and continue in compartments outside the cell. The movement of matrix compone...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Birk DE,Trelstad RL

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A meta-analysis of 14 clinical studies with RRR- or all-rac-alpha-tocopherol (83,800 subjects) was performed to evaluate whether RRR and all-rac differ in cardiovascular efficacy based on those clinical endpoints that are most consistently documented in the publications of the studies. Odds ratios of treatment versus ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Kraemer K,Koch W,Hoppe PP

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder associated with core neurocognitive impairments. The ability to recreate these deficits in animal models is limited, hampering ongoing translational drug development efforts. This paper reviews the use of electroencephalography (EEG)-based neurophysiological measures, such as e...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Javitt DC

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccinia virus encodes secretory proteins termed virokines. One of the major virokines encoded by the N1L open reading frame is the 13.8 kDa protein. A recombinant virus, termed vGK5, lacking this protein when injected intracranially into mice, has one of the highest levels of in vivo attenuation achieved by deletion ...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Billings B,Smith SA,Zhang Z,Lahiri DK,Kotwal GJ

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While dopamine (DA) receptors mediate acute effects of amphetamine and cocaine, chronic drug administration produces many glutamate-dependent adaptations, including LTP in reward-related neuronal circuits. An important question presents itself: How do DA receptors influence glutamate-dependent synaptic plasticity? Alt...

journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

authors： Wolf ME,Mangiavacchi S,Sun X

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00