Abstract：
:The three modes of antibody production, natural, T independent (TI) and T dependent (TD) are conserved among vertebrate species suggesting an important role for each in protection against pathogens. Here, I use an artificial 'universe' to argue that the three modes of antibody production represent layers that evolved to deal optimally with antigens of different valence. Thus, the apparently more sophisticated TD response has not superseded the natural and TI components of the humoral immune response. Furthermore, the characteristic differences in isotype, somatic mutation and memory displayed by each antibody layer are appropriate for their targeted range of surface structures. It is also suggested that the TD and TI activation arms are at the extremes of a continuum, with signal integration of antigen and T cell-derived signals contributing to B cell decisions about isotype selection, proliferation and secretion that minimize the time to protection.
journal_name
Immunol Cell Bioljournal_title
Immunology and cell biologyauthors
Hodgkin PDdoi
10.1038/icb.1997.95subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-12-01 00:00:00pages
604-18issue
6eissn
0818-9641issn
1440-1711journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) have an important role in allergic inflammation, and effective antagonists are required for their regulation. To discover a possible mechanism of controlling the activation of MMCs, we investigated the expression and function of syntaxin4, one of the soluble membrane N-ethylmaleimide-sensitiv...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2011.41
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we examine the use of glycopeptides containing tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) as potential preventive vaccines for carcinomas. Our recent results suggest that CD8+ T cells (CTL) are capable of recognizing TACA in a conventional class I MHC-restricted fashion. The ThomsenFriedenreich antigen (TF), ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01347.x
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fungal keratitis is a major cause of corneal ulcers, resulting in significant visual impairment and blindness. A phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted by immunocompetent cells, osteopontin (OPN) mediates cluster formation of the host fungal receptors and enhances the phagocytosis and clearance of pathogenic fungi. Howe...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imcb.12010
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glycoprotein processing inhibitor castanospermine (CS) and the monosaccharide mannose-6-phosphate (M6P), as well as some sulfated polysaccharides (SPS), have been shown to inhibit inflammation in rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and adjuvant-induced arthritis. Here, the anti-inflammatory eff...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1994.55
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resistance to caspase-dependent apoptosis is often responsible for treatment failures in cancer. Finding novel therapeutic strategies that can activate alternative cell death programs appears to be appealing. Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis that occurs under caspase-deficient conditions. This alternative ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2016.120
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms involved in sequential immunoglobulin G (IgG) class switching are still largely unknown. Sequential IG class switching is linked to higher levels of somatic hypermutation (SHM) in vivo, but it remains unclear if these are generated temporally during an immune response or upon activation in a secondary r...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2017.43
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunotherapy of tumours using T cells expanded in vitro has met with mixed clinical success suggesting that a greater understanding of tumour/T-cell interaction is required. We used a HPV16E7 oncoprotein-based mouse tumour model to study this further. In this study, we demonstrate that a HPV16E7 tumour passes through...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0818-9641.2004.01273.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lethal giant larvae-1 (Lgl-1) is an evolutionary conserved protein that regulates cell polarity in diverse lineages; however, the role of Lgl-1 in the polarity and function of immune cells remains to be elucidated. To assess the role of Lgl-1 in T cells, we generated chimeric mice with a hematopoietic system deficient...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2015.82
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Even though smallpox has been eradicated, the threat of accidental or intentional release has highlighted the fact there is little consensus about correlates of protective immunity or immunity against re-infection with the causative poxvirus, variola virus (VARV). As the existing vaccine for smallpox has unacceptable ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.icb.7100118
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three murine monoclonal antibodies (BC1, BC2 and BC3) were developed against human milk fat globule membrane (HMFGM). By immunoperoxidase staining, it was found that the antigenic determinants had a predominant distribution in breast cancer tissue. In addition, the antibodies reacted preferentially with mucin derived ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1989.29
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A clone of cells secreting an antibody to an epidermal antigen was generated from a patient with a blistering skin lesion. Although produced by fusion of human lymphocytes to a HAT-sensitive myeloma, this clone of cells did not have characteristics of a hybridoma. A true hybridoma was produced by fusion of this clone ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1988.30
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Australian populations of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were found to have similar immunological responses to local strains of Vibrio anguillarum as those reported for the more genetically diverse populations of these fish and strains of V. anguillarum found in the Northern...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1992.51
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Today's generally accepted view of the self-nonself discrimination was voiced by Miller(1) in 2004 in a thought-provoking essay. In spite of its popularity, this position has its limitations, which are analyzed here with a view toward establishing an interactive discussion that hopefully will culminate in agreed upon ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2008.96
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, tau pathology and neuroinflammation. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the role of neuroinflammation in directly contributing to the progression of AD. Studies in mice and humans have identified a role for microglial cells, th...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imcb.12301
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Th-cell development has been suggested to include selective mechanisms in which certain cytokines select either Th1 or Th2 cells to proliferate and grow. The selective theory is based on the observation that Th2 cells secrete IL-4, a cytokine that promotes Th2 development, whereas Th1 cells secrete interferon-gamma (I...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.icb.7100023
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Latex beads, 250 and 610 nm in diameter, and parapox virus isolated from ecthyma in sheep, were injected into intestinal loops containing either jejunal or ileal Peyer's patches (PP) of 3-4 week old calves. Uptake of latex and parapox virus was restricted to the ileal PP, 30-60 min after injection. The latex beads see...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1988.35
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The function of mast cells in allergic and organ-specific autoimmune responses is highly controversial. In the current study, we aimed to dissect the role of mast cells in systemic autoimmunity in the B6(lpr/lpr) mouse, a spontaneous model of systemic lupus erythematosus. B6(lpr/lpr) mice were interbred with C57Bl/6-K...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2015.49
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common virus that causes lower respiratory infections across a wide range of ages. A licensed RSV vaccine is not available because vaccination with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) and the subsequent RSV infection cause not only insufficient induction of neutralizing antibodies ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2017.61
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-15 overexpression in eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders is reported, but IL-15's role in promoting eosinophilic gastroenteritis is largely unknown. Therefore, we generated enterocyte-overexpressed IL-15 transgenic mice using Fabpi promoter. The Fabpi-IL-15 (iIL-15) transgenic mice showed induced ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imcb.1036
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor FoxP3 play indispensable roles for the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. In this review, we discuss immunological characteristics of human FoxP3(+) Tregs and to what extent they are similar to or different from the m...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2010.137
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral tolerance mechanisms limit autoimmunity by constitutively eliminating self-reactive CD8+ T cells from the periphery in a process called deletion. Previous work has demonstrated that this deletion process is mediated by BIM-dependent apoptotic death due to transcriptional induction of the Bim gene. Currently...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2016.53
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The broadest definition of dendritic cells (DCs) is white blood cells that can take up antigen, process it and then present antigen-derived peptides to activate cognate naive T cells. Although this definition is by no means perfect, it is nevertheless now textbook. The source of frustration more recently has focused o...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2008.28
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hereditary angioedema as a result of deficiency of the C1 inhibitor (HAE-C1INH; MIM# 106100) is a rare autosomal disorder and affected individuals are generally heterozygous for dominant negative variants in the SERPING1 gene. Homozygosity for SERPING1 pathogenic variants was long considered to be embryonically lethal...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imcb.12362
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study demonstrates that a syngeneic specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) positive tumour requires dual processing and recognition of tumour antigens. One type of antigen is processed and expressed in association with class I MHC at the surface of intac...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1993.36
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the past 20 years footrot vaccines have evolved from simple bacterins to highly specific recombinant DNA (rDNA) fimbrial vaccines. The development of these vaccines has left a trail of discoveries, challenges and solutions; these processes continue as we move closer to understanding the requirements of a footrot v...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.1993.53
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphocyte activation was examined by interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from coeliac and control subjects. Purified T cells were incubated with gluten fraction 111 (a known toxic peptide for coeliac subjects), soyabean hydrolysate (an unrelated hydrolysed food antigen), and...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1990.22
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Barely 60 years ago, the thymus was considered to be a vestigial organ with no known function or just a graveyard for dying lymphocytes. Now, the thymus and its cells cover a vast area of immunology, genetics and epigenetics relating to medicine, including inflammation, infection, vaccination, dysbiosis, immunodeficie...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,信件
doi：10.1111/imcb.12220
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding how inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) regulate apoptosis and necroptosis has been fast-forwarded by the use of Smac mimetics (SMs) to deplete or inhibit the IAPs, specifically cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP. The loss or inhibition of cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP causes the majority of cells to be sensitized to deat...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2016.118
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhaled allergens are known for their immediate and ongoing effects in the respiratory tract (RT). In this report, we track inhaled antigen in normal mice for 7 days and find that while it is cleared from the airways, inhaled antigen persists in peripheral lung tissue and the draining lymph nodes (DLNs). The persisten...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2010.18
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CD8 co-receptor engages peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI) molecules at a largely invariant site distinct from the T-cell receptor (TCR)-binding platform and enhances the sensitivity of antigen-driven activation to promote effective CD8+ T-cell immunity. A small increase in the strength of th...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2016.85
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
