Abstract：
:We previously demonstrated that Amblyomma americanum tick serine protease inhibitor 6 (AamS6) was secreted into the host during tick feeding and that both its mRNA and protein were ubiquitously and highly expressed during the first 3 days of tick feeding. This study demonstrates that AamS6 is a cross-class inhibitor of both serine- and papain-like cysteine proteases that has apparent antihaemostatic functions. Consistent with the typical inhibitory serpin characteristics, enzyme kinetics analyses revealed that Pichia pastoris-expressed recombinant (r) AamS6 reduced initial velocities of substrate hydrolysis (V₀) and/or maximum enzyme velocity (V(max)) of trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, chymase, and papain in a dose-response manner. We speculate that rAamS6 inhibited plasmin in a temporary fashion in that while rAamS6 reduced V₀ of plasmin by up to ∼53%, it had no effect on V(max). Our data also suggest that rAmS6 has minimal or no apparent effect on V₀ or V(max) of thrombin, factor Xa, and kallikrein. We speculate that AamS6 is apparently involved in facilitating blood meal feeding in that various amounts of rAamS6 reduced platelet aggregation by up to ∼47% and delayed plasma clotting time in the recalcification time assay by up to ∼210 s. AamS6 is most likely not involved with the tick's evasion of the host's complement defense mechanism, in that rAamS6 did not interfere with the complement activation pathway. Findings in this study are discussed in the context of expanding our understanding of tick proteins that control bloodmeal feeding and hence tick-borne disease transmission by ticks.
journal_name
Insect Mol Bioljournal_title
Insect molecular biologyauthors
Mulenga A,Kim T,Ibelli AMdoi
10.1111/imb.12024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
306-19issue
3eissn
0962-1075issn
1365-2583journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The D7 subfamily of salivary proteins is widespread in blood sucking Diptera and belongs to the superfamily of pheromone/odourant binding proteins. Although D7 proteins are among the most abundant salivary proteins in adult female mosquitoes and sand flies, their role in blood feeding remains elusive. In the present w...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00319.x
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, but its linkage with locomotion in termites is not well understood, despite the demonstrated involvement of this gene in the locomotion of different animals. Here, we investigated the effect of the pfk gene on locomotion in the subterranean termite Ret...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imb.12672
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A gene from the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata, belonging to the hsp70 family of genes, has been cloned and characterized. This gene appears to be an example of a heat shock cognate (hsc) gene based on a variety of structural and functional criteria. The heat shock cognate genes serve critical rol...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2583.1998.71051.x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sulfakinins are multifunctional insect neuropeptides displaying sequence similarities with the gastrin/ cholecystokinin (CCK) peptide family. In vertebrates, the peptides gastrin and CCK are involved in the regulation of digestion and food-intake. In this study sulfakinin cDNA was cloned and sequenced from the Med...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2007.00737.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insect chitin synthase is an essential enzyme involved in chitin biosynthesis in insects. Chitin synthase A (CHSA) is expressed in different insect tissues during different developmental stages. CHSA contains alternative-splicing exons that allow tissue- and development-specific chitin synthesis. Here, we report that ...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01145.x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitellogenins, cyclorraphan yolk proteins and lepidopteran minor yolk proteins are three classes of female-specific proteins that serve as an embryonic nutritional store. Similarity to vertebrate lipid-binding proteins was established for vitellogenins and yolk proteins, vitellogenins being related to apolipoprotein B...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00520.x
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Germline transformation using a piggyBac-derived vector is feasible in the sawfly, Athalia rosae. A previously generated transgenic line carrying green fluorescence protein (GFP) genes as reporters was successfully maintained and preserved without consecutive rearing. Sperm taken from males that were frozen directly i...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2004.00526.x
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) activity in the haemolymph of the Colorado potato beetle is necessary to initiate pupation in larvae as well as diapause in adults. The enzyme appears in the haemolymph as a dimer consisting of two 57 kDa subunits. The sequence of an encoding cDNA, JHE.A, is distinct from lepidopteran J...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2583.1998.740327.x
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we characterized a full-length cDNA encoding a putative iron-binding protein transferrin from the lepidopteran Mediterranean flour moth (EkTrf, 2397 bp). The putative EkTrf is 683 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 76 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homolog...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01129.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the brain of holometabolous insects such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the fruitless gene produces sex-specific gene products under the control of the sex-specific splicing cascade and contributes to the formation of the sexually dimorphic circuits. Similar sex-specific gene products of fruitless homolo...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imb.12590
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The products of the maternal-effect genes, nanos (nos) and oskar (osk), are important for the development of germ cells in insects. Furthermore, these genes have been proposed as candidates for donating functional DNA regulatory sequences for use in gene drive systems to control transmission of mosquito-borne pathogen...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00823.x
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are important chaperones, which are involved in various signal pathways and regulate lots of physiological processes. Early research suggested that some Hsps are involved in insect development. However, few studies have been carried out to explore the roles of Hsps, especially in larval-pupa...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01158.x
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of heat shock proteins (hsp) in the BRL-AG-3C cell line from the cotton boll weevil was examined. It was determined that the maximal expression of endogenous hsp occurred at 41 degrees C. Various transfection methods were then compared using this cell line in conjunction with a transiently expressed bacteri...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.1993.tb00108.x
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis synthesizes toxins (delta-endotoxins) that are highly specific for insects. Once ingested, the activated form of the toxin binds to a specific receptor(s) located on the midgut epithelial cells, inserts into the membrane causing the formation of leakage pores and eventual death of ...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00373.x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insect chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes required for the degradation of chitin. They are essential for insect moulting and metamorphosis. In this study, the regulation mechanism of a chitinase gene, Bombyx mori chitinase 5 (BmCHT5), was studied. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that Bm...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imb.12288
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the Hymenoptera represent a remarkably diverse and socioeconomically important group that is of considerable interest in genome biology, they remain understudied in terms of genome size. This study reports new genome size estimates for 89 species of ants, bees and wasps, representing 17 families and four supe...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00992.x
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitellogenin (Vg) is a source of nutrition for embryo development. Our previous study showed that the silkworm (Bombyx mori) transcription factor broad complex isoform 2 (BmBrC-Z2) regulates gene expression of the Vg gene (BmVg) by induction with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). However, the mechanism by which 20E regulates ...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imb.12315
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying honeybee social behaviours, we identified a novel gene, Nb-1, whose expression in the worker brain changes according to the age-dependent division of labour in normal colonies. The open reading frames contained in the Nb-1 cDNA were not conserved in the homologue of a r...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00911.x
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PCR primers designed from the alpha-esterase gene cluster of Drosophila melanogaster have been used to isolate fragments from eight esterase genes in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that three are homologues of the alpha E7, alpha E8 and alpha E9 genes of the alpha-esteras...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.1996.tb00056.x
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptive polymorphism may be common in immune system genes as co-evolutionary interactions foster diversity; either through ongoing positive selection (arms races), or balancing selection. DNA sequence diversity in two putative immune system genes was examined in species of the genus Anopheles and from Aedes aegypti. ...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00588.x
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, consists of two host strains (rice and corn) that differ in developmental, physiological and behavioural characteristics. However, because the strains are morphologically indistinguishable the investigation of strain-specific behaviour, particularly in the wild, is very diffic...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2583.2003.00429.x
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HindIII restriction digests of the rDNA repeat unit of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, reveal significant intraspecies sequence polymorphism. This variability is probably caused by structural differences within the nontranscribed spacer regions (NTS) of the ribosomal repeat unit. HindIII rDNA fragment polym...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00175.x
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alphavirus transducing systems (ATSs) are alphavirus-based tools for expressing genes in insects. Here we describe an ATS (5'dsMRE16ic) based entirely on Sindbis MRE16 virus. GFP expression was used to characterize alimentary tract infections and dissemination in three Culicine and two Lepidopteran species. Following ...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2004.00464.x
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuropeptides and their G protein-coupled receptors are widespread throughout Metazoa and in several cases, clear orthologues can be identified in both protostomes and deuterostomes. One such neuropeptide is the insect adipokinetic hormone (AKH), which is related to the mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AKH ha...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imb.12157
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the silk moth Bombyx mori, chorion genes of the same developmental specificity are organized in divergently transcribed α/β gene pairs, sharing a common 5' flanking promoter region. This bidirectional promoter contains a complete set of cis-elements responsible for developmentally accurate gene expression. In the p...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imb.12136
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression pattern of the 79B actin gene in Drosophila melanogaster has been inferred previously by means of a reporter gene in which 79B actin promoter sequences drive the lacZ coding sequences. Although the 79B actin gene is expressed primarily in muscles of the thorax and first abdominal segment of the adults o...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2583.1997.00176.x
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We identified a predicted compact cysteine-rich sequence in the honey bee genome that we called 'Raalin'. Raalin transcripts are enriched in the brain of adult honey bee workers and drones, with only minimum expression in other tissues or in pre-adult stages. Open-reading frame (ORF) homologues of Raalin were identifi...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01138.x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily is involved in detoxification of various xenobiotics. Using real-time PCR, mRNA encoding an omega-class GST of Bombyx mori (bmGSTO) was shown to be induced after exposure to various environmental stresses. A soluble form of recombinant protein (rbmGSTO) was functionally ...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2011.01073.x
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four cytochrome P450 genes, CYP6B8, CYP6B9, CYP6B27 and CYP6B28, exist in the Helicoverpa zea genome as two pairs of paralogs that evolved from gene duplication and 5'-polar gene conversion events. RT-PCR gel blot analyses have shown that all of these genes are expressed constitutively in midguts of all larval instars...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2583.2002.00341.x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genome sequence of Aedes aegypti was recently reported. A significant amount of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) were sequenced to aid in the gene prediction process. In the present work we describe an integrated analysis of the genomic and EST data, focusing on genes with preferential expression in larvae (LG), adu...
journal_title：Insect molecular biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00845.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
