Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The AIDS epidemic has profoundly affected public health policy and everyday choices of individuals. Understanding the self-protective strategies adopted by the general population is crucial to designing appropriate and more effective primary AIDS prevention strategies. METHODS:A probability sample of the U.S. adult population in 1992, the National Health and Social Life Survey (n = 3,159), addressed detailed aspects of sexual behavior. How respondents changed their sexual behavior due to AIDS was recorded verbatim and categorized for analysis. RESULTS:Twenty-nine percent of U.S. adults reported some sexual behavior change, primarily, reducing numbers of partners (12%), using condoms more frequently (9%), selecting partners more carefully (7%), changing attitude toward sex (4%), and abstinence (3%). Individuals most at risk show the greatest propensity to change although the actual risk-reduction strategies and the meanings assigned to those strategies vary considerably. Strategies are not all compatible with each other nor equally likely to be adopted by individuals with different lifestyles. CONCLUSIONS:Self-protective strategies to avoid AIDS are widespread, but primary prevention efforts should be targeted to particular circumstances and the self-protective propensities of each individual.
journal_name
Prev Medjournal_title
Preventive medicineauthors
Feinleib JA,Michael RTdoi
10.1006/pmed.1998.0270subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-05-01 00:00:00pages
400-11issue
3eissn
0091-7435issn
1096-0260pii
S0091-7435(98)90270-5journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Afterschool programs are an important setting in which to promote children's physical activity. This study examines the association of environmental and policy characteristics on the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior of children attending afterschool programs. METHODS:A total of ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.09.010
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although cigarette and smokeless tobacco use are recognized as major problems among school-age youth, few nationwide or statewide data exist on the prevalence and patterns of use. To determine the patterns of tobacco use among children and adolescents in Missouri, self-report information was obtained from a representa...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(90)90018-f
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We examined the feasibility and effectiveness of an intervention to mobilize women in the social networks of pregnant smokers to support smoking cessation. METHODS:This study was conducted in St. Paul, Minnesota, and Columbus, Ohio, from 2005 through 2007. Pregnant smokers (n=82) identified a woman in their...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.01.003
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma is a serious, chronic illness among U.S. children. Approximately 6% of all children under 18 years of age in the United States suffer from asthma--prevalence rates in our inner cities are even higher. The impact this disease has on children, their families, and society is profound and easily translatable into l...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1993.1051
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2014, an 8% tax on energy-dense nutrient-poor foods was implemented in Mexico with the aim of reducing its consumption. This paper estimated changes in household purchases of taxed food. We used the latest five waves of the nationally representative Mexican Income and Expenditure Survey (2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.09.019
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tobacco smoking and obesity are leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in the US, and primary care physicians are the main source of preventive care. However, it is not known whether access for new patients is affected by an expression of interest in preventive care. In a 2015 audit, we called US primar...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.031
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper argues that substantive and sustainable population-wide improvements in physical activity can be achieved only through the large scale adoption and implementation of policies and practices that make being active the default choice and remaining inactive difficult. Meta-volition refers to the volition and co...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.09.004
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies of the cardiovascular consequences of combat stress are few and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE:The association between combat exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis at Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study visits 1 (1987-1989) and 2 (1990-1992) was assessed among 5347 men from four U.S. commun...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.02.009
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:It is unknown how much previous reviews on promoting physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents (aged 6-18years) take into account studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC, based on the World Bank definition) and the level of evidence of the effect of PA interventions in this population. T...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.025
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the viability of monetary incentives to increase fitness-center use and maintain/improve the Body Mass Indexes (BMIs) of first-year students over the fall semester. METHOD:Randomized-controlled trial with no-treatment and incentive conditions involving 117 first-year students. For 12 weeks, studen...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.020
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Walkable urban form predicts physical activity and lower body mass index, which lower C-reactive protein (CRP). However, urban form is also related to pollution, noise, social and health behavior, crowding, and other stressors, which may complement or contravene walkability effects. PURPOSE:This paper asses...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.019
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The science behind the combined effect of (and possible interaction between) physical activity and air pollution exposure on health endpoints is not well established, despite the fact that independent effects of physical activity and air pollution on health are well known. The objective of this review is to systematic...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106195
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although numerous studies have examined repeat mammography, they provide limited information about actual patterns of women's behavior over time. METHODS:In this study, 128 asymptomatic women ages 50 to 75 who had had their first mammograms 15 to 27 months previously were interviewed to determine rates of r...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1997.0163
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to assess whether patients at elevated risk of melanoma attended a dermatologist consultation after a General Practitioner referral and to determine individual predictors of non-compliance. METHOD:This survey included 1506 high-risk French patients (selected using the Self-Assessment...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.029
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Occupational risk factors contribute significantly to the development of lung cancer; however, little is known about the extent to which employees are informed of occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances. METHODS:Through a case-control study, we estimated the level of awareness among Greek employees...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.07.007
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine the duration of physical activity (PA) bouts in prepubertal children with high-frequency accelerometry monitoring. METHODS:Thirteen boys and thirteen girls (aged 8-10 years) from one school in North of France had their PA recorded during 7 days using a uniaxial Actigraph ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.10.004
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Despite the burden of colorectal cancer and improved health care outcomes with early detection and treatment, screening rates among eligible adults are low. We previously developed through a series of studies an interactive electronic tool, Colorectal Web, to promote colorectal cancer screening. METHOD:From ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.003
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This paper examines the prevalence of household and car smoking restrictions, factors associated with these restrictions, and children's exposure to secondhand smoke in homes with varying levels of household smoking restrictions in rural Native American and White families. METHODS:In-person interviews were ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.2002.1091
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cataracts develop in the lens of the eye which is responsible for focusing incoming light onto the retina. Early in life the lens is transparent, and incoming light encounters no difficulty in its passage through the eye. With aging, the lens becomes less clear, incoming light is scattered to an increasing degree, and...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.1994.1126
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate the association between self-efficacy, enjoyment, and volitional control with active commuting, as well as to analyze the impact of social support from parents, friends, and teachers with active commuting to school. METHODS:Participants in this cross-sectional study w...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.019
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs following prenatal opioid exposure. It is characterized by signs and symptoms indicating central nervous system hyperirritability and autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system dysfunction. OBJECTIVE:This article: (1) briefly reviews NA...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.017
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 15% of the US general population, and this rate is projected to increase. A healthy lifestyle is important for individuals with CKD to reduce risk for CKD progression and adverse heath events. Adults with CKD also have high rates of psychological distress, which may be associated w...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.06.007
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relapse remains the most refractory aspect of nicotine dependence, but little is known about relapse that occurs after a period of prolonged abstinence (i.e., "late relapse"). METHOD:The current study examined the prevalence and predictors of late relapse/sustained abstinence in a community-based, longitudi...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.028
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Since survival of patients with melanoma is strongly correlated with the Breslow tumor thickness of the primary lesion, factors that influence stage at diagnosis and delay in diagnosis are considered to be crucial. To test the relationship between tumor thickness and some social and clinical variables (inclu...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.2002.1067
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In the fall of 1986 the North Karelia Project in cooperation with Finnish TV 2 arranged an eight-part nationwide smoking cessation TV program. The Project, also arranged a smoking cessation contest coinciding with the TV program in cooperation with four major voluntary public health organizations and the nat...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(92)90007-5
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stem cells have been considered for their potential in pharmaceutical research, as well as for stem cell-based therapy for many diseases. Despite the potential for their use, the challenge remains to examine the safety and efficacy of stem cells for their use in therapies. Recently, oxidative stress has been strongly ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.11.013
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term, low levels of antineoplastic drugs and ionizing radiation in the work environment may have genotoxic effects on chromosomes in personnel. The effects of ionizing radiation is acknowledged in occupational medicine and therefore various measures have been undertaken to prevent such effects. However, there are...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0091-7435(92)90056-n
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There are few theoretically derived questionnaires of physical activity determinants among youth, and the existing questionnaires have not been subjected to tests of factorial validity and invariance. The present study employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factorial validity and invariance ...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/pmed.2000.0735
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given the disease and cost burdens, Multiple Health Behavior Research represents the future of preventive medicine. Growing evidence in this special issue and beyond indicates that simultaneous and sequential interventions can be effective. The challenge for the future is to make such interventions more effective, cos...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.015
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) forms an increasing health problem. Despite smoking cessation improving the prognosis of the disease, many patients persist smoking. The present study presents the results of a smoking cessation counseling protocol in general practice (Smoking Cessation in patient...
journal_title：Preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.08.003
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
