Abstract:
:Naltrexone is the first safe and effective pharmaceutical adjunct for use in the treatment of alcohol abuse. Theoretically it could be effective also as a means for terminating methadone maintenance and in the treatment of other forms of substance abuse. Two general types of protocols have been used with naltrexone. One protocol is similar to the protocol appropriate for use with disulfiram; it is designed to preclude use of the substance while on naltrexone. The other protocol is based on preclinical research showing that opioid antagonists can cause extinction of alcohol drinking; it is designed to maximize the effects from extinction. The results from the clinical trials are consistent with the conclusion that the major benefits from naltrexone treatment, regardless of protocol, are being caused by extinction. The extinction protocol is better from the position of public health, increasing the range of patients who can be treated, reducing the total cost and allowing patients to be treated with dignity. Pharmacological extinction is a new form of medicine, shown to be highly accessible and effective in treating excessive drinking and providing interesting possibilities for the treatment of other learned behavioural disorders.
journal_name
Ann Medjournal_title
Annals of medicineauthors
Sinclair JDdoi
10.3109/07853899809029941subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-08-01 00:00:00pages
406-11issue
4eissn
0785-3890issn
1365-2060journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Hyperglycaemia has emerged as an important risk factor for death in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between blood glucose (BG) levels and in-hospital mortality in non-critically patients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS:This is a retrospective mu...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2020.1836566
更新日期:2021-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transvaginal ultrasonic monitoring of the lower uterine segment was performed in 15 pregnancies in which the mother had previously had three or more caesarean sections. The typical findings were thinning of the myometrium, asymmetric isthmal structures and ventral ballooning of the isthmus. An image of the other of th...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899009147256
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concern is often expressed that, in the future, screening for genetic risk will become too widespread. Haemoglobin disorders (the thalassaemias and sickle cell disorders) offer an excellent model for genetic screening, because they are common and severe. They are recessively inherited. Carriers can be detected by conv...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899709007488
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in developed countries, is characterized by chronic inflammation in the artery wall. It has been appreciated for decades that this disease is linked to hypercholesterolemia and the accumulation of macrophages in the artery wall, yet the exact mechanisms underlying this infla...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890510007304
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visceral obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. Obese patients with a substantial accumulation of visceral adipose tissue are characterized by higher insulinaemic and glycaemic responses during an oral glucose challenge as well as by a d...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890108995963
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical know-how and skills as well as up-to-date scientific evidence are cornerstones for providing effective treatment for patients. However, in order to improve the effectiveness of treatment in ordinary practice, also appropriate documentation of care at the health care units and benchmarking based on this docume...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.653394
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that fasting hypertriglyceridaemia identifies individuals who are at increased risk for coronary artery disease. It is probable that this reflects the effects of the smaller triglyceride-bearing lipoproteins. It may also reflect increased levels of postprandial lipoproteins. There is consi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899309147307
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Europe around 1970 there were only a few small and often poorly known epidemiological studies on risk factors and the incidence of coronary heart disease. In order to enhance the utilization of the information contained in them, the Medical Clinic in Heidelberg offered uniform data analysis to qualifying contributi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853898909149931
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and inflammation are all associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess potential interrelationships between these parameters in a young and healthy population. METHODS:Healthy individuals aged 25-41 years were inclu...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1226512
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:This investigation was designed to explore the role of IL-1RN genotype in unexplained infant deaths (including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)), non-infectious infant deaths, and infectious infant deaths, and to investigate whether IL-1RN genotype is related to the finding of organisms in normally sterile site...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890903325360
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aggregates of dysfunctional proteins and peptides in or between brain neurons are key neuropathological features of dementia and are believed to directly cause or substantially contribute to the development of these diseases. Fundamental parts of the mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of proteins in Alzheimer's d...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/078538902320322529
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Both depression and the metabolic syndrome are frequently found among patients with type 1 diabetes, but their potential association has not yet been investigated. In this paper the relationship between depression and the metabolic syndrome among patients with type 1 diabetes was evaluated. METHODS:A total ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853890.2010.503660
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field utilizing the potential of stem cells and the regenerative capability of the body to restore, maintain, or enhance tissue and organ functions. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self-renew but also differentiate into several somatic cells when subjected the a...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.573805
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overall incidence of osteomyelitis following primary knee arthroplasty is 1-2%. Major risk factors are large prostheses, rheumatoid arthritis, postoperative wound-healing complications, skin infections, and prior deep infections. The major infecting organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Healing of the infection is to...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor with a multifactorial pathogenesis, including genetic and environmental factors. In addition to hypothesis-driven strategies, unbiased approaches such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are useful tools to help unravel the pathophysiology of hypertension and as...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2012.660494
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial health is a key factor in normal cardiovascular homeostasis, and recent studies have revealed several important functions of the vascular endothelium that protect against atherothrombosis. These include control over arterial tone, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and vascular growth. Consequently, endothelial dy...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890008995931
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a national Belgian nutritional study (the B.I.R.N.H. Study), the authors review how far the Belgian population is from the recommended nutritional goals and ideal serum cholesterol. They also make comparisons between genders and look at differences according to the linguistic background (French- or Dutch-speaking s...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853898909149946
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk of cardiovascular disease is markedly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes with a prevalence twice as high compared to the background population. With the recognition of multiple concomitant risk factors for both microvascular as well as cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients, treatment stra...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890410033612
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although obesity and alcohol intake as well as dietary sodium, potassium and magnesium are the major non-genetic determinants of blood pressure levels, interest has recently been stimulated in the function of fatty acids and antioxidants in the aetiology of hypertension. In the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Fact...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899109148063
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are an important food crop worldwide and contribute key nutrients to the diet, including vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber. Potatoes and potato components have been shown to have favorable impacts on several measures of cardiometabolic health in animals and humans, including lowering...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890.2013.813633
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the approximately 7,000 cytogenetically abnormal childhood and adult B- and T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) published to date, numerous recurring chromosomal aberrations and abnormality patterns have been identified, and it has been clearly shown that the cytogenetic features often correlate closel...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890410018808
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 50 different pharmacological and mechanical interventions have been tested to date for prevention of vascular restenosis without success. Intracoronary radiotherapy is the first one showing promise of significantly attenuating neointimal proliferation, causing positive vascular remodelling and thus inhibitin...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853890009002033
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent results from controlled trials of adjuvant tamoxifen and oophorectomy in early breast cancer are reviewed. The results of the statistical overview performed by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group are summarised, and some important questions left open by this overview are discussed. These inclu...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3109/07853899209148333
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ischemic stroke (IS) in a young patient is a disaster and recurrent cardiovascular events could add further impairment. Identifying patients with high risk of such events is therefore important. The prognostic relevance of ECG for this population is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 690 IS patient...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1202443
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Finnish type of hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) is an autosomal dominant disorder. Until recently, there has only been little knowledge of fatal complications of the disease and its possible impact on the patients' life span. METHODS:We identified 272 deceased patients based on patient in...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2016.1177197
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) was first reported 25 years ago. This report provides an assessment of the course of juvenile (J) MCTD in 224 patients available in the literature until 1996, including our own 33 patients. Most patients improved and remissions were observed in 3-5% (up to 27%). Among the long-te...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899708999362
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A radioimmunoassay method for endothelin was developed. Antisera raised against endothelin 1 showed significant crossreaction with endothelin 2 and 3 (45 and 13%, respectively). Considerable endothelin immunoreactivity was shown to be present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, rangi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/07853899009148932
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a brief overview of the cytokine network within juvenile chronic arthritis, introducing the concept of the production of T-helper 1 (TH-1) or TH2-cell differentiation as a result of cytokine production, as well as the concept of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The balance of TH1 and T...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899709113701
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abdominal obesity in man is an integrated part of the Metabolic Syndrome, and is associated with a complex neuroendocrine disturbance. Its consequences for the metabolism of the periphery seems to be insulin resistance caused by a combination of a relative hypercortisolaemia and a relative deficiency of sex steroid ho...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/07853899209166997
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years a revival of interest has emerged in the health benefits of intermittent fasting and long-term fasting, as well as of other related nutritional strategies. In addition to meal size and composition a new focus on time and frequency of meals has gained attention. The present review will investigate the e...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890.2020.1770849
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00