Abstract:
:To assess levels of chlorinated contaminants in breast milk, we measured organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in breast milk samples collected in 1994 according to the World Health Organization protocol from 92 donors that were representative of regional populations in southern Kazakstan. High levels (10-120 pg/g fat) of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic of the PCDD/PCDF congeners, were found in breast milk samples from an agricultural region. TCDD was the major contributor (75%) to the international toxicity equivalents of these samples. The same distinctive PCDD/PCDF congener pattern was found in 15 breast milk samples and 4 serum samples collected in 1996 in a follow-up study, and has now been confirmed by three analytical laboratories.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Hooper K,Petreas MX,Chuvakova T,Kazbekova G,Druz N,Seminova G,Sharmanov T,Hayward D,She J,Visita P,Winkler J,McKinney M,Wade TJ,Grassman J,Stephens RDdoi
10.1289/ehp.98106797subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-01 00:00:00pages
797-806issue
12eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
106pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We assessed the reproducibility of X-ray fluorescence-based lead measurements from multiple measurements made on a low-concentration plaster of paris phantom and in five subjects measured five times on two occasions. Over a 6-month period, 220 measurements of the same phantom were obtained and showed a standard deviat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102690
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine whether perinatal exposure to two major environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA; 0.1 mg/kg/day orally) and nonylphenol [NP; 0.1 mg/kg/day (low dose) and 10 mg/kg/day (high dose) orally] daily from gestational day 3 to postnatal day 20 (transplacental and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6961
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to certain phenols is ubiquitous because of their use in many consumer and personal care products. However, predictors of exposure have not been well characterized in most populations. OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify predictors of exposure and to assess the reproducibility of phenol concentrations...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306830
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a 2-year chronic inhalation study on methylene chloride (2000 or 0 ppm; 6 hr/day, 5 days/week), gas-uptake pharmacokinetic studies and tissue partition coefficient determinations were conducted on female B6C3F1, mice after 1 day, 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years of exposure. Using physiologically based pharmacokine...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104858
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Trying to publish a paper in a top-rated peer-reviewed journal can be a difficult and frustrating experience for authors. It is important that authors understand the general review process before submitting manuscripts for publication. OBJECTIVES:Editors-in-chief and associate editors from top-tier journals...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1003280
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of cigarette smoke and high-level occupational asbestos exposure produces a synergistic increase in the incidence of lung cancer; however, smoking does not affect the incidence of mesothelioma. Here we present the results of tests of two theories that have been proposed to explain this phenomenon; name...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101326
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preterm birth (PTB), a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity, has a complex etiology with a multitude of interacting causes and risk factors. The role of environmental contaminants, particularly bisphenol A (BPA), is understudied with regard to PTB. OBJECTIVES:In the present study we examined the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1408126
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylcobalamin (methyl-B12) has been implicated in the biomethylation of the heavy metals (mercury, tin, platinum, gold, and thallium) as well as the metalloids (arsenic, selenium, tellurium and sulfur). In addition, methylcobalamin has been shown to react with lead, but the lead-alkyl product is unstable in water. D...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.771943
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that cell cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells respond to ionic cadmium in a manner consistent with well-defined Cd(2+)-elicited responses reported for in vivo systems. However, one unique finding was that the transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction sealing strands were...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101510
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a need to identify and evaluate an effective mitigation program for arsenic exposure from drinking water in Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the effectiveness of a multifaceted mitigation program to reduce As exposure among 11,746 individuals in a prospective cohort study initiated in 2000 in Ara...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9833
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are responsible for maintaining survival and stimulating growth of early dormant hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). These cytokines exhibit extensive overlap, with GM-CSF supporting growth and differentiation of myeloid HPC. A charac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.961041247
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of questionnaires to predict children's exposure to pesticides was examined as part of the Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study (MNCPES). The MNCPES focused on a probability sample of 102 children between the ages of 3 and 13 years living in either urban (Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN) or nonurban ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5823
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most neurotoxicological studies morphological assessment focuses on pathological effects, like degenerative changes in neuronal perikarya, axonopathy, demyelination, and glial and endothelial cell reactions. Similarly, the assessment of physiological and behavioral effects center on evident neurological symptoms, l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8774153
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, mutagenicity testing was done on preselected compounds in a manner in which the testing laboratories knew the identity of the substances under test and the "expected" results, i.e., positive for compounds selected because of their carcinogenicity and negative for food additives. There is no completed s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7720253
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a condition in which persons experience negative health effects in multiple organ systems from exposure to low levels of common chemicals. Although symptoms experienced from particular chemicals vary across persons, they are generally stable within persons. The sensitivities ofte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5936
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we investigated the risk of hearing loss among workers exposed to both toluene and noise. We recruited 58 workers at an adhesive materials manufacturing plant who were exposured to both toluene and noise [78.6-87.1 A-weighted decibels; dB(A)], 58 workers exposed to noise only [83.5-90.1 dB(A)], and 58 ad...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8959
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have been conducted to identify risk factors for balance and vestibular dysfunction in general populations, but previous studies have reported evidence of adverse effects of lead and cadmium on balance control in high-risk groups. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the relationship between blood lead and ca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1103643
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are commonly used in the United States, and farmworkers are at risk for chronic exposure. Using a sample of 218 farmworkers in 24 communities and labor camps in eastern Washington State, we examined the association between agricultural crop and OP pesticide metabolite concentrations in ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8620
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemicals, including commonly used drugs (e.g., penicillin, meprobamate, pyridium, and mercaptomerin) penetrate and persist for some time in the ovarian follicular fluid at concentrations approximately similar to that of the serum. Information as to the penetration of chemicals into the granulosa cells and into the oo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782425
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human DNA adduct formation (covalent modification of DNA with chemical carcinogens) is a promising biomarker for elucidating the molecular epidemiology of cancer. Classes of compounds for which human DNA adducts have been observed include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrosamines, mycotoxins, aromatic amin...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s5883
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) initiative aims to understand the impact of environmental factors on childhood disease. Over 40,000 chemicals are approved for commercial use. The challenge is to prioritize chemicals for biomonitoring that may prese...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5133
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Because of complex interactions of climate variables at the levels of the pathogen, vector, and host, the potential influence of climate change on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases (VBZDs) is poorly understood and difficult to predict. Climate effects on the nonvector-borne zoonotic diseases are especially ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901389
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Phthalates comprise a large class of chemicals used in a variety of consumer products. Several have anti-androgenic properties, and in rodents prenatal exposure has been associated with reduced anogenital distance (AGD)-the distance from the anus to the genitals in male offspring. Few human studies have been...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1509870
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Pentachlorophenol, a fungicide widely used as a wood preservative, was classified in 1999 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen. We reviewed currently available data to determine the extent to which recent studies assist in distinguishing the effect of pentachloroph...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.11081
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pavlovian conditioning processes may contribute to some symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). This review summarizes the potential relevance of the literature on conditional taste and olfactory aversions, conditional sensitization, and conditional immunomodulation to understanding MCS. A conditioning-based ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s2521
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid development of the chemical industry, combustion of fossil fuels, and smoking of tobacco have resulted in contact of the general population with benzo(a)pyrene and other carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons. Persons especially at risk occupationally are those engaged in thermal processing of oil shale, coal, a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7930185
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reproduction is essential for the continuation of the species and for life itself. In biological terms, living and reproducing are essentially one and the same. There is, therefore, no sharp division between identifying factors harmful to reproduction and identifying factors harmful to life or vice versa. Detection of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s219
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of persistent organic contaminants suspected to cause adverse effects in wildlife and humans. In rodents, PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and pregnane X receptors (PXR) inducing the expression of catabolic cytochrome p450 enzymes of the CYP1A and 3A families. We fo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6560
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used the case-crossover design to identify any increase in mortality in Seoul, Korea, when there were higher levels of ambient air pollution on case-days than would be expected solely as a result of chance. This empirical study showed that either unidirectional retrospective (selecting only control days prior to de...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107633
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This subject concerns the complex interrelationship of a genetically determined protein deficiency, enzymes which are inhibited by that protein, environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke and industrial pollutants, and the occurrence of obstructive lung disease (Fig. 1). Unequivocal establishment of an etiologic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.792957
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00