Abstract：
:Predicting the response to xenotransplantation is difficult, but can be based upon (i) past clinical experience, (ii) opinion surveys and focus groups, (iii) predictable variables, and (iv) the allotransplant experience. Baby Fae, the Pittsburgh baboon liver transplants, and the Jeff Getty baboon marrow transplant have taught us (a) not to underestimate hurdles, (b) to communicate professionally, (c) not to promise too much, (d) that lobbying can be effective, (e) that "being the first" is important, and (f) that the media can be fickle. The Swedish islet cell and the U.S. neural tissue transplants suggest that patients without immediately life-threatening illnesses will accept xenogeneic tissue and that the public/media will not respond negatively when there is little fanfare. Limited opinion surveys/focus groups suggest a degree of reluctance/revulsion that is more common in women, minorities, and the less-educated, and when the likely donor is a subhuman primate. Predictable positive public-response variables include perceptions of (a) adequacy of the scientific base, (b) adherence to globally agreed upon guidelines, (c) legitimacy/competence of regulatory bodies, and (d) adequate infectious risk assessment and management. A likely negative predictor is the role of animal rights activists (more in Europe, less in the U.S. and the developing world). Less predictable is the response of the media and what other societal concerns dominate the news at the time. Cultural concerns will need careful study. Allotransplant experience suggests that informed religious opinion can be accommodating a new technology. Psychological factors will be important and will need professional management.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Daar ASdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09141.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-30 00:00:00pages
222-33eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
862pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Glycosylation of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) is abnormal. Concanavalin A (Con A)-affinity molecular variant patterns of serum AFP from patients with PHC are different from those of cord-serum AFP. Different patients with PHC exhibit different Con-A-affinity AFP molecular var...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb32850.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of gamma-glutamyl-carboxylated growth arrest-specific 6 (cGas6) in mediating the beneficial effect of vitamin K (VK) on regulating glucose metabolism remains elusive. We took a three-pronged approach-evaluating human type 2 diabetes (T2D), high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and in vitro cultured myotubes-to addres...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/nyas.14238
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb56585.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk factors for esophageal cancer include genetic factors (such as tylosis) and infectious agents. A variety of organisms have been implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we explore the normal esophageal flora and how it may be controlled, and also the variety of organ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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abstract：:Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus, which emerged in 1998 from fruit bats in Malaysia and caused an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in pigs and fatal encephalitis in humans with high mortality rates. In contrast to most paramyxoviruses, NiV can infect a large variety of mammalian species. Du...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Loss of sympathetic nerve fibers (SNFs) occurs in inflamed tissue; and select semaphorins, upregulated during inflammation, stimulate repulsion/loss of SNFs. However, it is unknown whether other factors released locally in inflamed tissue, such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and 17β-estradiol, are also repellent. In ord...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1444.003
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD40 ligand (CD40L) is expressed by activated T cells and interacts with the CD40 molecule present on B cells and endothelial cells, promoting immunoglobulin switching in the former and cytokine upregulation in the latter. CD40L exists in both a soluble (sCD40L) and a membrane-bound form. Because primary biliary cirrh...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1361.062
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to visualize androgen receptors (ARs) in the testis, epididymis, and prostate of the stallion by means of immunohistochemistry. Nuclear immunostaining was found in all somatic cells in the testis--Leydig, Sertoli, and peritubular myoid cells; in both types of epithelial cells of the epi...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1327.030
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin is the product of the ob gene located in humans on chromosome 7q31.3. It is a 16-kDa protein named after the Greek "leptos," meaning lean, to indicate the function that this adipocyte-secreted protein was thought to have. Since its discovery, in fact, most of the research focused on the role of leptin in body-w...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1290.007
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein crystallography, which has a growing role in the human genome project, is one of the most powerful techniques in modern biology. However, it can only be applied providing suitable crystals can be obtained. The ability to produce suitable crystals is currently the major bottleneck to structure determination. Mi...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb05933.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, the topic of laminar to turbulent flow transition, as applied to the design of gas turbines, is discussed. Transition comes about when a flow becomes sufficiently unstable that the orderly vorticity structure of the laminar layer becomes randomly oriented. Vorticity with a streamwise component leads to ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05841.x
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects on ex vivo LDL resistance to oxidation and biomarkers of in vivo oxidative stress in response to 3-month dietary vitamin E restriction to 25% of recommended intake and 2-month unrestricted dietary intake and supplementation with 800 IU/d were studied in 100 healthy, nonsmoking 20-75-year-old volunteers. Si...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1331.045
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To test whether the development of emotional resilience is a function of sensitive caregiving and child negative affect, we tested the joint contributions of 7-month maternal sensitivity and infant negative affect to the prediction of 33-month emotional resilience across the first 3 years of life. The aims of this stu...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1376.033
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21344.x
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mammals, females have a pair of X chromosomes, whereas males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, which is much smaller and contains fewer genes than a X chromosome. One of the pair of X chromosomes is inactivated in females. The inactivated X chromosome is late-replicating, heterochromatic, and genetically ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52164.x
更新日期：1997-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:How can a psychoanalyst account for and recount the process of understanding the therapeutic endeavor? What happens in those moments, co-created by patient and analyst, when the consultation room comes "alive" in ways that defy easy or simplistic answers? How does an analyst come to understand psychoanalytic treatment...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04475.x
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity has various deleterious effects on health largely associated with metabolic abnormalities including abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis that are associated with vascular injury and known cardiac, renal, and cerebrovascular complications. Advanced age is also associated with increased adiposity, decreased le...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06274.x
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CCR6 chemokine receptor is expressed by most B cells and subsets of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) found in the gut mucosal immune system. CCL20, the single chemokine ligand for CCR6, is selectively made by the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) overlying Peyer's patches (PPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1326.036
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated platelets and leukocytes release potent vasoactive factors that may modulate vascular tone. Activation of normal platelets produces dilatation of normal arteries. Vasodilatation is mediated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which releases endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from endothelium. In atherosc...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb12036.x
更新日期：1994-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic preconditioning (PC) is a polygenic defensive cellular adaptive phenomenon whereby brief ischemic stimuli render the heart resistant to subsequent similar stress. The late phase of ischemic PC lasts for three to four days, protects against both myocardial stunning and infarction, and thus has considerable cli...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04053.x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stationary-phase mutation (a subset of which was previously called adaptive mutation) occurs in apparently nondividing, stationary-phase cells exposed to a nonlethal genetic selection. In one experimental system, stationary-phase reversion of an Escherichia coli F'-borne lac frameshift mutation occurs by a novel molec...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08888.x
更新日期：1999-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In response to infection or effective vaccination, naive antigen-specific CD8+ T cells undergo a dramatic highly orchestrated activation process. Initial encounter with an appropriately activated antigen-presenting cell leads to blastogenesis and an exponential increase in antigen-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. Simulta...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05126.x
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The following on molecular mechanisms of Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma contains commentaries on the mechanism of bile and gastric acid induced damage; the roles of BMP-4 and CDX-2 in the development of intestinal metaplasia; the transcription factors driving intestinalization in Barrett's esophagus; the contr...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06062.x
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review we will evaluate evidence that altered gene dosage and structure impacts neurodevelopment and neural connectivity through deleterious effects on synaptic structure and function, and evidence that the latter are key contributors to the risk for autism. We will review information on alterations of structu...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03571.x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously identified 30 differentially expressed genes when comparing recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) patients and controls paired for sex, age, and ethnic background. In this article we performed the hierarchical clustering of these genes taking into account the human-leukocyte-antigen (HL...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1375.046
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most striking changes in the primary lymphoid organs during human aging is the progressive involution of the thymus. As a consequence, the rate of naïve T cell output dramatically declines with age and the peripheral T cell pool shrinks. These changes lead to increased incidence of severe infections and dec...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1354.018
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep deprivation severely compromises the ability of human beings to respond to stimuli in a timely fashion. These deficits have been attributed in large part to failures of vigilant attention, which many theorists believe forms the bedrock of the other more complex components of cognition. One of the leading paradig...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1417.002
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The blood fibrinolytic system comprises an inactive proenzyme, plasminogen, that can be converted to the active enzyme, plasmin. Plasmin degrades fibrin into soluble fibrin degradation products, by two physiological plasminogen activators (PA), the tissue type PA (t-PA) and the urokinase type PA (u-PA). t-PA mediated ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03511.x
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 1,098 serum samples were analyzed against Anaplasma phagocytophilum by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test. These serum samples belonged to four different populations distributed throughout two provinces of Galicia (Ourense and Pontevedra) located in northwestern Spain: bovine population (456 samples); ov...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1374.091
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
